2023年考研英語(yǔ)真題英語(yǔ)一真題完整版

Dｉｒectiｏns:Reａdthefoｌｌowingteｘt.Ｃhｏosethｅbestｗoｒｄ（s)forｅachnumberedｂlａnkandmaｒkＡ,B,CｏrDｏｎA(yù)NSWERＳHEET.（１0pｏiｎts）Ｔhｏｕghｎotbiologicallｙrelａt(yī)ed,friendsａｒeaｓ“rｅlaｔｅd”asｆourthcousins,sｈaringaｂouｔ１%ofｇｅｎes.Thaｔis_(1)_astudy,pｕｂlisｈeｄfromtｈeUnivｅrｓityofCalｉforｎiaandYａleThestｕｄyisagenomｅ-wiｄｅanalysｉscoｎdｕcted_(3)__1，932uniquesｕbｊectsｗhich＿_(dá)（4）__pairｓofunrelａｔｅdfriendsaｎdunrelａt(yī)edstｒangｅｒｓ．Thesａｍepeopｌｅwereuseｄinboth_（5)_.Whilｅ1%mａyseem_(6)＿,itisnｏtsｏtoageｎeｔｉciｓt．AｓJameｓFｏｗlｅr,pｒｏfesｓorofmediｃalgｅnetｉcsatUCSanＤiego,ｓａys,“Mostpｅopleｄonｏｔｅven_(７)_ｔｈｅｉrfourthcousｉnｓｂｕtsomｅｈｏｗmａnagｅtoselectaｓfrieｎｄｓtｈｅpeｏpｌｅwho_（8)_ouｒｋin.”Ｔhestudy_(9)＿foundtｈattheｇeｎｅｓfoｒｓmelｌｗerｅsoｍetｈｉngsｈａrｅdinfriendsｂutnotgeｎesforimmｕnｉｔy．Whyｔｈissｉmilaｒiｔyeｘｉstsinｓｍｅllｇenesisdiffｉｃulｔtｏexplain，foｒnｏw,＿(10）＿,asthｅｔeaｍsuｇgests,ｉtdrawsuｓｔoｓimilarenvironmentｓbuｔthｅreismorｅ_(1１）_it．Ｔｈeｒｅcouldbｅｍａｎymechanismsworｋingｔｏｇethｅrtｈat＿(1２)_usinchoｏsinggeneticallｙsimilarｆｒiends_(1３）_”ｆｕnctiｏnaｌKinｓｈｉp”ofbeｉnｇｆriendsｗｉｔh＿(14)＿!Oneｏftherｅmarkablefindingsofｔhｅsｔudｙwasthesｉmiｌargenesｓeemｔoｂeｅvoｌuｔiｏｎ_（１5)_thａnｏtherｇenesＳtudyiｎｇthｉscoｕldhelp_(16）_whyhumanｅvolｕtｉｏｎｐicｋedｐacｅｉnｔhelａsｔ３０,00０years,withsocialenｖironmｅntｂｅｉｎgamajｏr＿(17)_facｔor.Thefiｎｄinｇsdｏnotｓimplyeｘpｌａiｎpｅopｌｅ’s_(18）_toｂｅfriendthｏｓeｏfsiｍilａr_(１９)_baｃkgｒounds，saytｈereseaｒｃhers.ThougｈallthesubjectsｗｅrｅｄｒaｗnfromapopulａｔiｏnｏｆＥuｒoｐeaｎextractiｏｎ,ｃａrewastakeｎｔo＿(２０)_thatallｓｕbjectｓ,ｆriendsａndstrａｎgers,weｒetａkenｆromtｈｅsaｍepｏpｕlaｔion.1.[A]whｅn[Ｂ]why[C]how[D]ｗhａt(yī)2.[A]dｅｆｅｎded［B]conclｕdeｄ[C]withdraｗn［D］advｉｓｅｄ3.［Ａ]ｆor[Ｂ]ｗith[C]on[D]ｂy４.[A]compaｒed［Ｂ]ｓougｈt[C]sepａrated[D]coｎnｅcted5.［A］teｓts[B]s[Ｃ]sampｌeｓ［D］eｘamｐleｓ6.［A]inｓｉgnifiｃaｎｔ[B]uｎexpecｔed[C]ｕnbelｉevable[Ｄ］incｒedible7.[A］visiｔ[Ｂ]ｍiｓｓ[C]ｓｅe(cuò)k[D]ｋｎow8．[Ａ］resembｌe［B]influｅncｅ[Ｃ]ｆavor［D]sｕrｐａss9.[A］agaiｎ［Ｂ]also［C]instead［Ｄ]thuｓ10.[A]Meanwhile[B］Furｔｈerｍｏre[C］Ｌiｋeｗｉsｅ［D]Ｐerhａpｓ1１.[A]about[B]ｔo[Ｃ]from［D]lｉｋe1２.[A]drivｅ[B］obsｅrve［C]confuse[Ｄ］limiｔ1３.[A]accｏｒdingｔｏ[B]rathｅrthａn［C］rｅgａrdlessof[D]ａlongwith１4.[A］cｈances[B]resｐonsｅs[C］missioｎs[Ｄ］benｅfｉts15.[A]later[B]slｏwer[C]fasteｒ[D］earlieｒ16.[A］forｅcaｓt[Ｂ]ｒｅmｅmber[C]ｕndｅrｓtand［Ｄ]exｐress17．[A］ｕnｐredicｔaｂｌe[B]cｏntrｉbutoｒy［C]ｃontrｏｌlablｅ［D]diｓｒｕptｉve18.[A］endｅａvor[B]deciｓiｏn［C]ａｒranｇeｍｅnt［D]tｅndｅnｃｙ１9.［A］ｐoｌitical[B]reｌigious[C]ｅthｎｉｃ[D］economiｃ２０.［Ａ]ｓｅｅ[B]show［C]ｐrove[D]teｌlSecｔionIIＲeadiｎgCｏmpｒehensionＰartADｉrecｔions:Readｔｈeｆｏllｏｗiｎｇfoｕrtexts.AｎsｗerthequestionsbｅｌｏweacｈteｘtbycｈooｓingA,Ｂ,CorＤ.MarkyｏｕransweｒsoｎA(yù)NSWERSＨEEＴ.(40points)Texｔ1ＫiｎgJuanCaｒlosｏfSpaｉｎoｎceinsisｔed“kinｇｓdon’tabｄicaｔe,theydareinｔｈeirsleｅｐ.”BｕtemｂａrrassiｎgscanｄalsandthepoｐuｌarityoｆtｈerepublicanlｅftinthｅｒecenｔＥuro-eｌecｔioｎshaveforcedhimtｏｅathｉsｗordｓandｓtanddoｗｎ.So，doestheSpanishcriｓiｓｓuggeｓtthａt(yī)moｎarchyiｓseeingitslastdayｓ？DｏestｈaｔmeanthewｒitingisonthewａｌlforallＥｕropeanｒoｙａls,wiｔhtheｉrmagｎｉｆiｃentunｉfoｒｍsanｄｍａjestｉclifestｙｌｅ？ThｅSpａniｓｈcaseｐｒovidｅsaｒgｕmentｓbothｆorandａｇaｉnsｔmｏnaｒchy．Wheｎpubｌicopiniｏｎｉspartｉcｕlarlyｐｏｌarised,aｓｉtwasfoｌlowiｎgｔheenｄoｆtheFranｃoｒｅgime,monarchｓcanriseａbovｅ“meｒe”pｏlitｉcsaｎd“ｅmbody”ａspiritoｆnatｉｏnａluｎｉty.Itｉｓtｈisapparｅnttraｎsｃenｄeｎceｏｆpoｌitｉcsthａｔexplainsmonarchs’coｎtiｎuｉngpopulariｔyｐoｌaｒized．Anｄalso,tｈｅＭｉddleＥastexcｅpｔed,Ｅuropeiｓthemｏstｍonaｒch-iｎfesteｄregiｏnintheworld,ｗitｈ10ｋiｎｇdoms(nｏｔcouｎtingVatiｃaｎCityandAnｄorｒa).ButｕnｌiketheirａbsolｕtistcｏuntｅrpａrtsinｔheGuｌfandAsia,ｍoｓtｒoyalfamilieshavesurvivedｂecauｓetheｙalｌowvoterｓtoａvｏidthediffｉcuｌtsｅaｒcｈfｏｒanoｎ-controversｉalbｕtresｐecｔedｐublicfｉguｒe.Eｖenso,kingsandqｕeeｎsundouｂｔedlyhaveaｄownsiｄｅ.Ｓｙmbolｉcofnatiｏｎalｕｎityａｓｔｈeyｃlａimｔobe,tｈｅｉrveｒyhistoｒy—andｓｏｍetiｍeｓthｅwａytheybｅhavｅtodａｙ–embodieｓouｔdａt(yī)edandindefensiblｅpｒｉvｉleｇｅｓａｎdineｑｕaｌｉtieｓ.Aｔａt(yī)imewheｎThomasPikeｔｔｙanｄｏthｅreｃｏnomｉstsａrewarｎｉｎgofrisinginｅqualｉtyanｄtheincrｅaｓingpoweroｆｉｎheritｅdwealtｈ,itisbiｚarrｅthatｗeaｌthyａristocraticfamilｉesshouldsｔｉlｌbethｅsymbolicheartofmoderndeｍocｒaticstaｔes.Ｔhｅmosｔｓuccesｓｆulmonａｒcｈiｅｓsｔrivｅtoabａndonorhｉｄethｅirｏldaristocｒａt(yī)icwayｓ.Princesandpｒｉncesseshavｅday-jobsandriｄebｉｃycles，nothｏrｓes(orhelｉcopｔeｒs).Ｅｖeｎso,thesearｅweａlthｙfamilieｓｗhopaｒtywiththeinterｎational１%，aｎdmediaｉntrｕｓiｖｅnessmakｅsitiｎcreａｓinglydifficulttomａintaintheｒiｇhtｉmａge．WhileEuropｅ’ｓｍｏｎarchｉeswilｌnodoubtbｅsｍａrｔｅnougｈtｏsuｒviveｆorsometiｍetｏcoｍe,itiｓｔheBrｉtｉshrｏyalswhoｈａvemｏsｔｔoｆeａrfｒomtheSpaniｓhexａmｐｌe.IｔｉsonlytｈeＱｕeｅｎｗhoｈaspreserveｄthｅmｏnarchy’sreｐutaｔiｏnwiｔhｈerratheｒordinaｒｙ（ifwelｌ-hｅｅled)ｇrａnnystｙｌe.TｈｅdａngerwilｌcomeｗiｔhＣharｌｅs,wｈｏhaｓbotｈａnexpeｎsiveｔasｔｅｏfliｆesｔyleanｄaprｅtｔyhieｒａrｃｈicａlviewofｔheｗorld．Hehaｓfａilｅｄtｏunｄerstanｄtｈaｔｍonarcｈieｓｈavelargelｙsurvivedｂecauｓetheyｐrovideaserviｃe–asnｏn-ｃｏnｔｒoｖｅｒsｉalandnon-ｐoｌiticａlheadsofstate.CｈaｒlesｏughttoknowｔhａｔaｓEnglishhｉstoryshｏws,itiskｉngs,noｔrepublicanｓ,wｈoarｅthemoｎａｒchｙ’ｓwoｒstenemies.21.AcｃｏｒdiｎgtothefirsttｗoＰarａｇraphｓ,KｉｎgJuanCarlosofＳpaiｎ[A]usｅdｔｕｒnenjoｙｈighpubliｃsuppｏrt[B]wasｕnｐopularamoｎgEｕｒｏｐｅａnｒｏyals[C]cａsedhisrelａt(yī)ｉonshipwitｈｈisrivaｌｓ[D]endedhｉsｒeignineｍｂａｒraｓsmｅnt２2.Monarcｈsarｅkepｔasheａｄsofstａt(yī)ｅiｎEuｒopeｍostly[Ａ]owinｇｔotheirｕndoubtedandreｓpectaｂl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iｎferｅnceaｎｄprobｌem－ｓｏlvｉng．Youｉnfｅｒinforｍationｙｏｕfeｅlthewriteｒhasinviｔｅdyoｕtogｒasｐbyｐrｅseｎtｉngyouwithsｐｅｃificeviｄencｅａndclues.（42)_________Ｃｏnceｉvedinthisway,coｍprehensｉｏnwillnotfollowexａctｌythesａｍｅtraｃkforｅａchreadｅr.Whａt(yī)iｓinquｅsｔiｏnisｎｏtthereｔｒiｅvａｌｏfaｎaｂsolute,ｆiｘedoｒ"true"meaningthatcanbereaｄoffａndcｈｅcｋeｄforacｃｕracｙ,orsｏmetｉmeｌessrelatioｎofｔextｔotｈewoｒlｄ.(43)_＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)_Suｃｈbacｋgrounｄｍaｔeｒｉalinevｉtablyrｅflecｔｓwhowｅａｒe.(４4)＿＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)Tｈｉsｄｏｅsn｀t,hｏｗeveｒ，makeｉnｔｅrpｒetationmeｒelyreｌａt(yī)iveorｅｖeｎpointlｅss.Precｉseｌｙbecausereａdersfromdiｆferentｈiｓｔｏricａlperiods，ｐlａcｅsandｓocialeｘpｅrienｃesｐroducｅｄiｆferenｔbutｏvｅrｌａppｉnｇreadiｎｇｓoｆthesamewoｒdsｏntheiｎcludiｎgfoｒｔexｔstｈateｎｇａgewｉtｈｆuｎdaｍentａlhumａnconcerｎs--ｄebaｔeｓａboutteｘtscａnｐlayａnｉmporｔantroleinsocｉaｌｄiscｕssｉonoｆbｅｌｉefｓaｎdvalues．Howwｅｒｅadagiventeｘｔａlsoｄependｓtｏｓomeeｘtentonoｕrpａrｔicuｌａrinteｒestｉnrｅａdingｉｔ，(45)________Ｓucｈdimensioｎsofreａdｉngｓｕｇgest－asｏthersintrｏdｕcedｌatｅｒinthebookwiｌlalsｏdo-tｈaｔweｂrinｇａnｉmpｌiｃit(oftenuｎacｋnowledged）ａgenｄatoanyactｏfreadinｇ.Iｔdoｅｓn`ｔthｅnnecｅssａrｉlyｆｏｌlowthａt(yī)onｅkiｎdｏfrｅadinｇisfuｌｌer,morｅaｄvanceｄormｏreworthwhiｌeｔhananother.Ideaｌly，differeｎｔｍindｓoｆrmｅachother,ａndactasusefulｒｅｆerencepointsforandcouｎｔerｂａｌａｎcestooneanoｔher.Togetｈｅr,tｈeymakeｕpthereadingｃomｐoneｎtofyouｒoveraｌｌliterａcy，orｒelatｉonｓhiｐtoyoursｕrｒoｕｎｄinｇtｅxtｕalｅnvironmenｔ．[A]Arewestｕdyｉｎｇtｈattｅxｔandｔｒyingｔｏｒｅｓpondinaｗayｔhａt(yī)fｕｌfilｌstheｒeｑuireｍentofagivｅncourse?Ｒeadｉｎgitsimplyｆorｐleasure?Ｓkimmingｉtrmａt(yī)iｏｎ?Ｗaysofｒｅadｉngｏnａｔｒａiｎorｉnｂedaｒeｌｉkelｙtｏｄifferｃonｓideｒaｂlyfromreａdinginａsemiｎarｒoｏm.[B］Ｆactorｓsuchastheｐlａｃeandpｅｒiｏｄｉnwhiｃhｗeaｒeｒｅaｄing，ourｇender，ethｎiｃｉty,aｇeaｎdsocｉalclassｗillenｃourageuｓtowardｓcｅrtaininterprｅｔaｔionsbｕｔatthｅｓamｅｔｉｍeｏｂscurｅｏrｅveｎcｌosｅoffoｔhers.[C]Ifyouunfamｉｌiａrwｉｔｈwoｒｄsoriｄiｏms，yougueｓsattheirmeaniｎg，usinｇclueｓpｒesｅｎtedintｈｅcontｅxｔ.Ontｈeasｓｕmpｔionthaｔｔhｅｙwiｌlｂecomerｅlｅvantlａｔer，youmakeamｅｎｔａlnoｔｅofｄｉscourseentiｔiesaｓwｅllａsｐｏssibｌｅliｎksbetweｅntｈem.[Ｄ]Inｅffect,youtryｔoreconstｒucｔtheｌikｅlymeaningsoreffecｔsthatａnygiｖensｅntence,imageoｒrｅfｅrenceｍiｇhthaｖehad:Ｔheｓeｍigｈtbeｔheonesthｅａｅndｅd.[Ｅ］Ｙouｍａｋeｆｕrtｈｅrｉｎferencesthatｆｏrmtｈebasiｓｏfapersonalｒesｐonsefｏrwhiｃhtｈeauthorwillinevitａｂlybefarlesｓresｐonsible.ＳｅctionIIIＴｒanslａt(yī)ｉoｎDirｅcｔions:RｅadthefollowｉngtｅｘtcarefulｌyaｎｄtｈeｎtrａnsｌaｔｅtｈeunderlｉneｄsegmenｔsintoChｉｎeｓe.YourtranｓlatioｎshouｌdbｅwritteｎcleａrlyonAＮＳWEＲSHEET．(10ｐoｉｎts)Ｗｉｔhinthesｐanoｆahuｎｄrｅdyears,intｈｅｓeｖｅntｅe(cuò)nｔｈaｎdeａrｌyeｉghteenthcｅｎturies,ａt(yī)ideｏｆemiｇｒaｔion—onｅofthｅgｒeatｆolkwａndeｒinｇsofhiｓtory—ｓwepｔfromEurｏpetoAmerica.46）Thiｓmｏｖｅｍent,drivｅnbypｏｗerfulandｄiverseｍotivａt(yī)ioｎs,buiｌtanaｔionoｕｔoｆawilｄernｅssand,byｉｔsｎature,shapedthｅcharaｃtｅrａnddestinyｏfaｎuncharteｄcontinｅnt.４7)ＴｈeＵnｉtedStatesｉstheｐｒoducｔoftwoprｉnciｐalｆorces-ｔheimｍｉgratｉonofEurｏｐeanｐeopleswiｔｈthｅiｒvａrieｄideａs,customs，andnaｔｉonaｌcｈaracteristｉcsaｎdtheｉｍpactｏfanewcountｒywｈｉchmodifiedｔｈesetｒaｉts.Ｏfnｅcｅssｉｔｙ,coloniａlAmｅｒicawasaｐｒojecｔｉｏnofEurｏpｅ.ＡｃrossthｅAtｌａntｉccameｓuccessivｅｇroupsofEngｌisｈmeｎ,Frenchｍen,Ｇermanｓ，Scotｓ,Irｉｓhmen,Dutcｈmen,Ｓwｅdes,andmａnｙｏｔherswhｏaｔtｅmptedtotranｓｐlanttheirhabitsandtrａdition