閱讀講義芒果學(xué)業(yè)

11 PAGEPAGE3基礎(chǔ) 例1:2006-12，text1Humans,saysEdwardM.Hallowell,havetheabilitytocallupimagesofbadthingsthathappenedinthepastandtoanticipatefutureevents.Humans,saysEdwardM.Hallowell,havetheabilitytocallupimagesofbadthingsthathappenedinthepastandtoanticipatefutureevents.2：2007-6，textThuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“l(fā)iberated”or“hip”Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“l(fā)iberated”or（1）補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明1.2007-6text2Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrising esoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterIn ctconnections.補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明—AB即可例2.2006-12text1Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledor-flightThe“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”(Line2,Para.1)refersto thebiologicalprocessinwhichhumanbeings’senseofself-defensetheinstinctivefearhumanbeingsfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialtheactofevaluatingadangeroussituationandmakingaquicktheelaboratemechanisminthehumanbrainforretrieving例1.2006-12，text1Usingthisinformation,theamygdaleappraisesasituation—Ithinkthischargingdogwantstobiteme—andtriggersresponsebyradiatingnervesignalsthroughouttheUsingthisinformation,theamygdaleappraisesasituation—Ithinkthischargingdogwantstobiteme—andtriggersaresponsebyradiatingnervesignalsthroughoutthebody.例1：2006-12，text1Hishopenow:thatthecriesforreformwillprovidemorefertilesoilforhislongstandingmessagesaboutbusinessWelearnfromthelastparagraphthat thecallsforreformwillhelppromotebusinessethicsbusinessmenwithpoormotiveswillgaintheupperhandbusinessethicscoursesshouldbetaughtinallbusinessschoolsreforminbusinessmanagementcontributestoeconomic2：2007-6，textWe’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithPAGEPAGE81：20076，textThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly（謹(jǐn)言慎行）intheworld”,elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.1.2007-6textIndeed,wedidn’thearabout“men’slanguage”untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls’appropriationofformsnormallyforboysandmen.1.2007-12InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.News&WorldReport,whichheowns.“Ournation’sbargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamented（哀嘆）the117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopofthe eladder.Average eforahouseholdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy”.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’s efamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterTheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogoTheAmericannation ingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitsThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowing例1.Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’ve e“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchileputsitinhisbookbythesamename.WhatdoesLouisUchilemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Line3,Para.ThosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingPeoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromPeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanWorkerswhonolongerhavesecureInthisview,continualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearningormemorystorage(input)andforgettingmoreoverinaddition,whatismore，furthermorealso,then,besides,表轉(zhuǎn)折however,ratherthan,insteadof,but,yet,ontheotherhand, y.likesimilarly,likewiseinthesameway,inthesamemanner y，soon，next，inafewdays，gradually，suddenly，finally等。引出例子:forexamplenamely,forinstanceasanexamplethat表轉(zhuǎn)折however,ratherthan,insteadof,but,yet,ontheotherhand, y,Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunay,affluencealsocreatesnewcomintsandcontradictions.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortItisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years—yettheBBC'sfutureisnowinUnlikemostoftheworld'svolcanoes,theyarenotalwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreatdriftingtesthatmakeuptheearth'ssurface;onthecontrary,manyofthemliedeepintheinteriorofate.Shealmostcriedwhenshesawthearmsinherson’s n.臂, ,Johngotfiredforyingwithn.火,熱情,v.點(diǎn)燃,,著火,解Hemilkedtwentygallonsofmilkfromthen.乳,Fromthesoundofyourheart,you’reinsoundn.聲音,語(yǔ)音,adj.健全的,adv.徹底地,充分地v.句結(jié)構(gòu) -- -- 例句：InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStatesmanyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamature例句：Thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.例句：Thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplex例句：Again，differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithave課程提二選詞填空三長(zhǎng)篇閱讀

Economist《》（英）Guardian《衛(wèi)報(bào)》（英）Newsweek《》（美）NewYorkTimes《》（美Time《時(shí)代》（美USAToday《今日》（美WashingtonPost《》（美定位詞[1]顯性：[2]謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)[3]名詞（主語(yǔ)b.回文定位c.正確選擇題(句子理解題)三主旨大意題What/When/Who/Where/WhyWhichstatementistrueaccordingtotheInfer例一：（2006122篇WhydidAmitaiEtzionisay“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem”(Lines4-5,Para.HewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporateHedidn’tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentHecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinHedidn’toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-原 2006.12六②Todayhestilltakestheblamefornoteducatingthese“business-leaders-to-be”.“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem,”he9“IfIwasabetterteachermaybeIcouldhavereached③….Whathefoundwasn’tencouraging.Thosewould-beexecutiveshad,saysEtzioni,littleinterestinconceptsofethicsandmoralityintheboardroom—andtheirprofessorwasmetwithblankstareswhenheurgedhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentways.1）（有例外情況，為難點(diǎn)）例一：（2006年12月第2篇）WhydidAmitaiEtzionisay“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem”(Lines4-5,Para.HewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporateHedidn’tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentHecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinHedidn’toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-例一：（2006年12月第2篇）WhydidAmitaiEtzionisay“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem”(Lines4-5,Para.HewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporateHedidn’tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentHecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinHedidn’toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-例：（2013年12月第2篇）58.WhataccountedforAmerica’sbabyOptimismfortheImprovedlivingEconomic④Thoughhavingachildisadeeply aldecision,it’sshapedbyculture,religion,economics,andernment “Noonehasagoodanswer”astowhyfertilityvariesamongcountries,sayssociologistAndrewCherlinofTheJohnsHopkinsUniversity.ErodingreligiousbeliefinEuropemaypartlyexinloweredbirthrates.InJapanyoungwomenmayberebellingagainsttheirmothers’isolatedlivesofchildrearing.Generaloptimismandpessimismcount.HopefulnessfueledAmerica’sbabyboom.AftertheSovietUnion’scollapse,saysCherlin,“anxietyforthefuture”depressedbirthratesinRussiaandEasternEurope.例：（2013年12月第2篇）58.WhataccountedforAmerica’sbabyOptimismfortheImprovedlivingEconomic3)概括原則：選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)意義較具體，或膚淺的表達(dá)了字面意思的，一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而具有概括性，抽象的，例一：（2007122篇WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’s efamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterTheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogoTheAmericannation ingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitsThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingInDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.News&WorldReport,whichheowns.“Ournation’sbargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamented（哀嘆）the117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopofthe eladder.Average eforahouseholdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy”.例一：（2007122篇WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’s efamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterTheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogoTheAmericannation ingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitsThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowing例二：（2014162篇WhatproblemisTexasconfrontedItsHispanicpopulationismostly ItssunriseindustriesareshrinkingItseducationcannotmeettheneedsoftheknowledgeItsimmigrantshaveahardtimeadaptingtoitscowboy④Despiteallthis,itstillseemstooearlytohandoverAmerica'sfuturetoTexas.Tobeginwith,thatleanTexanmodelhasitsownproblems.Ithasnotinvestedenoughineducation.andmanyexpertsrightlyworryabouta"lostgeneration"ofmostlyHispanicTexanswithinsufficientskillsforthedemandsoftheknowledgeeconomy.例二：（2014162篇WhatproblemisTexasconfrontedItsHispanicpopulationismostly ItssunriseindustriesareshrinkingItseducationcannotmeettheneedsoftheknowledgeItsimmigrantshaveahardtimeadaptingtoitscowboy總-分原則：結(jié)合文章總-分結(jié)構(gòu)或段落總-分結(jié)構(gòu)解題 總即論點(diǎn)，分即論據(jù)例：(20146月passageWhatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'sItsdebtsarepushingitintoItsbudgetshavebeencutby$26ItisfacedwithaseriousfinancialItistryinghardtoprotectthe①ItiseasytofindevidencethatCaliforniaisinapanic.②AtthestartofthismonththeoncegoldenstatestartedpayingcreditorsinIOUs(欠條).③Thegapbetweenprojectedoutgoingsand eforthecurrentfiscal(財(cái)政的)yearhasleapttoahorrible$26billion.④Withnosignofanewbudgettoclosethisgulf,onecreditagencyhasalreadydowngradedCalifornia‘sdebt.⑤Asbudgetsarecut,universitieswillletinfewerstudents,prisonerswillbereleasedearlyandschemestoprotectthevulnerablewillberolledback.總-分原則：結(jié)合文章總-分結(jié)構(gòu)或段落總-分結(jié)構(gòu)解題 總即論點(diǎn)，分即論據(jù)例：(20146月passage62.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'sItsdebtsarepushingitintoItsbudgetshavebeencutby$26ItisfacedwithaseriousfinancialItistryinghardtoprotectthe細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文一（2006.12text①AmitaiEtzioniisnotsurprisedbythelatestheadingsaboutschemingcorporatecrooks（）.AsavisitingprofessorattheHarvardBusinessSchoolin1989,heendedhisworktheredisgustedwithhisstudents’overwhelminglustformoney.“They’retaughtthatprofitisallthatmatters,”hesays.“Manyschoolsdon’tevenofferethics（學(xué)）coursesatall.”57.WhatimpressedAmitaiEtzionimostaboutHarvardMBATheirkeeninterestinbusinessTheirintensedesireforTheirtacticsformakingTheirpotential ebusiness細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文一（2006.12text①AmitaiEtzioniisnotsurprisedbythelatestheadingsaboutschemingcorporatecrooks（）.AsavisitingprofessorattheHarvardBusinessSchoolin1989,heendedhisworktheredisgustedwithhisstudentsoverwhelminglustformoney.“They’retaughtthatprofitisallthatmatters,”hesays.“Manyschoolsdon’tevenofferethics（學(xué)）coursesatall.”57.WhatimpressedAmitaiEtzionimostaboutHarvardMBATheirkeeninterestinbusinessTheirintensedesireforTheirtacticsformakingTheirpotential ebusiness細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文一（2006.12text①AmitaiEtzioniisnotsurprisedbythelatestheadingsaboutschemingcorporatecrooks（）.AsavisitingprofessorattheHarvardBusinessSchoolin1989,heendedhisworktheredisgustedwithhisstudentsoverwhelminglustformoney.“They’retaughtthatprofitisallthatmatters,”hesays.“Manyschoolsdon’tevenofferethics（學(xué)）coursesatall.”WhatimpressedAmitaiEtzionimostaboutHarvardMBATheirkeeninterestinbusinessTheirintensedesireforTheirtacticsformakingTheirpotential ebusiness細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文一（2006.12text②Etzioniexpressedhisfrustrationabouttheinterestsofhisgraduatestudents.“Byandlarge,IclearlyhadnotfoundawaytohelpclassesfullofMBAsseethatthereismoretolifethanmoney,power,fameandself-interest,”hewroteatthetime.Todayhestilltakestheblamefornoteducatingthese“business-leaders-to-be”.“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem,”hesays,“IfIwasabetterteachermaybeIcouldhavereachedthem.”WhydidAmitaiEtzionisay“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem”(Lines4-5,Para.HewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporateHedidn’tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentHecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinHedidn’toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文一（2006.12text③EtzioniwasarespectedethicsexpertwhenhearrivedatHarvard.Hehopedhisworkattheuniversitywouldgivehiminsightintohowquestionsofmoralitycouldbeappliedtoceswhereself-interestflourished.Whathefoundwasn’tencouraging.Thosewould-beexecutiveshad,saysEtzioni,littleinterestinconceptsofethicsandmoralityintheboardroom—andtheirprofessorwasmetwithblankstareswhenheurgedhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentMostwould-beexecutivesattheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelieved questionsofmoralitywereofutmostimportanceinbusinessself-interestshouldnotbethetoppriorityinbusinessnewanddifferentprinciplesshouldbetaughtatbusinessTherewasnoceforethicsandmoralityinbusiness細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文一（2006.12text④EtzioniseestheexperienceatHarvardasaneye-openingoneandsaysthere’smuchaboutbusinessschoolsthathe’dliketochange.“Alotofthefacultyteachingbusinessarebadnewsthemselves,”Etzionisays.Fromofferingclassesthatteachstudentshowtolegallymanipulatecontracts,toreinforcingthenotionofprofitovercommunityinterests,Etzionihasseenalotthat’slefthimshakinghishead.Andbecauseofwhathe’sseentaughtinbusinessschools,he’snotsurprisedbythelatestrashofcorporatescandals.“Inmanywaysthingshavegotalotworseatbusinessschools,I,”saysEtzioni.InEtzioni’sview,thelatestrashofcorporatescandalscouldbeattributed thetendencyinbusinessschoolstostressself-interestoverbusinesstheexecutives’lackofknowledgeinlegallymanipulatingtheincreasinglyfiercecompetitioninthemodernbusinessthemoralcorruptionofbusinessschool細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文一（2006.12text④EtzioniseestheexperienceatHarvardasaneye-openingoneandsaysthere’smuchaboutbusinessschoolsthathe’dliketochange.“Alotofthefacultyteachingbusinessarebadnewsthemselves,”Etzionisays.Fromofferingclassesthatteachstudentshowtolegallymanipulatecontracts,toreinforcingthenotionofprofitovercommunityinterests,Etzionihasseenalotthat’slefthimshakinghishead.Andbecauseofwhathe’sseentaughtinbusinessschools,he’snotsurprisedbythelatestrashofcorporatescandals.“Inmanywaysthingshavegotalotworseatbusinessschools,I,”saysEtzioni.InEtzioni’sview,thelatestrashofcorporatescandalscouldbeattributed thetendencyinbusinessschoolstostressself-interestoverbusinesstheexecutives’lackofknowledgeinlegallymanipulatingtheincreasinglyfiercecompetitioninthemodernbusinessthemoralcorruptionofbusinessschool細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文一（2006.12text⑤Etzioniisstillteachingthesociologyofrightandwrongandstillcallingforethicalbusinessleadership.“Peoplewithpoormotiveswillalwaysexist,”hesays.“Sometimesenvironmentsconstrainthosepeopleandsometimesenvironmentsgivethosepeopleopportunity.”Etzionisaystheboomingeconomyofthelastdecadeenabledthoseindividualswithpoormotivestogetrichbeforegettingintrouble.Hishopenow:thatthecriesforreformwillprovidemorefertilesoilforhislongstandingmessagesaboutbusinessethics.Welearnfromthelastparagraph thecallsforreformwillhelppromotebusinessbusinessmenwithpoormotiveswillgaintheupperbusinessethicscoursesshouldbetaughtinallbusinessreforminbusinessmanagementcontributestoeconomic200612Passagevisiting一詞多義/熟詞僻意現(xiàn)象 adj客座的Bravetheenemy’sgunfire,marchon,marchon,marchonononAmIadish？lustfore.g.Helustsforearningmoremoney，whileheendsupwithmore.3、matterv重要e.g.Itdoes4、postgraduate（post-后graduateschool6、stareatglare7、boomnbaby細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文二（2007.12text①Likemostpeople,I’velongunderstoodthatIwillbejudgedbymyoccupation.ThatmyprofessionisagaugepeopleusetoseehowsmartortalentedIam.Recently,however,IwasdisappointedtoseethatitalsodecideshowI’mtreatedas.Theauthorwasdisappointedtofind One’spositionisusedasagaugetomeasureone’sintalentedpeoplelikehershouldfailtogetarespectableone’soccupationaffectsthewayoneistreatedasprofessionalstendtolookdownuponmanual細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文二（2007.12text②LastyearIleftaprofessionalpositionasasmall-townreporterandtookajobwaitingtables.Assomeonepaidtoservefoodtopeople,IhadcustomerssayanddothingstomeIthey’dneversayordototheirmostcasualOnenightamantalkingonhiscellphonewavedmeaway,thenbeckoned（示意）mebackwithhisfingeraminutelater,comininghewasreadytoorderandaskingwhereI’dbeen.WhatdoestheauthorintendtosaybytheexampleinthesecondSomecustomerssimplyshownorespecttothosewhoservePeopleabsorbedinaphoneconversationtendtobeabsent-WaitressesareoftentreatedbycustomersascasualSomecustomersliketomakeloudcomintsfornoreasonat細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文二（2007.12text③Ihadwaitedtablesduringsummersincollegeandwastreatedlikeapeon（勤雜工）byplentyofpeople.Butat19yearsold,IbelievedIdeservedinferiortreatmentfromprofessionaladults.Besides,peoplerespondedtomedifferentlyafterItoldthemIwasincollege.CustomerswouldjokethatonedayI’dbesittingattheirtable,waitingtobeserved.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenwaitingtablesattheageofShefeltitunfairtobetreatedasamereservantbyShefeltbadlyhurtwhenhercustomersregardedherasaShewasembarrassedeachtimehercustomersjokedwithShefounditnaturalforprofessionalstotreatheras細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文二（2007.12text④OnceIgraduatedItookajobatacommunitynewspaper.Frommyfirstday,Iheardarespectfultonefromeveryonewhocalledme.Iassumedthiswasthewaytheprofessionalworldworked—cordially.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文二（2007.12text⑤Isoonfoundoutdifferently.Isatseveralfeetawayfromanadvertisingsalesrepresentativewithasimilarname.OurcallswouldoftengetmixedupandsomeoneaskingforKristenwouldbetransferredtoChristie.Themistakewasimmediayevident.Perhapsitwasbecausemoneywasinvolved,butpeopleusedatonewithKristenthattheyneverusedwith細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文二（2007.12text⑥Myjobtitlemadepeopletreatmewithcourtesy.SoitwasashocktoreturntotherestaurantIt’snosecretthatthere’salottoputupwithwhenwaitingtables,andfortunay,muchofitcanbeeasilyforgottenwhenyoupocketthetips.Theserviceindustry,bydefinition,existstocatertoothers’needs.Still,itseemedthatmanyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“...manyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant”(Lines3-4,Para.7)?Thosewhocatertoothers’needsaredestinedtobelookeddownThoseworkingintheserviceindustryshouldn’tbetreatedasThoseservingothershavetoputupwithroughtreatmenttoearnaThemajorityofcustomerstendtolookonaservantasaserver細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型范文二（2007.12text⑦I’mnowapplyingtograduateschool,whichmeanssomedayI’llreturntoaprofessionwherepeopleneedtobenicetomeinordertogetwhattheywant.IthinkI’lltakethemtodinnerfirst,andseehowtheytreatsomeonewhoseonlyjobistoservethem.Theauthorsaysshe’llonedaytakeherstodinnerinorder seewhatkind theyexperiencethefeelingofbeingshowhergenerositytowardspeopleinferiortoarousetheirsympathyforpeoplelivingahumble1、2、serveservere.g.Servethepeopleheartandsoul3、deservee.g.Udeserveit你應(yīng)得的。/4、catertoe.g.Moreandmorebookscatertopopular標(biāo)志詞：but，yet，however，ontheotherhand，標(biāo)志詞：because，as，詞匯指代題(句子理解題Theword“…”mostprobablymeans Theexpression“…”standsfor Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword“…”is By“…”,thewriter(probably)means Theauthorusesthephrase“…”to e.g.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andlivea ysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.To“l(fā)ivea ysedentarylife-style”inthepassage A.toliveaninactive B.toliveadecentC.tolivealifewith D.tolifealiveofe.g.Thoughclassedwiththecarnivores,thegrizzlybearislargelyvegetarianandrarelyeatsflesh.Duringthesummerthesebearsareavidfishersandcombthewatersofmountainstreamsandriverstocatchsalmonswimmingupstream.Whatdoestheword"carnivore"A)avegetable B)afleshC)a D)atypeofe.g.Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”What’sthemeaningoftheword“subjects”inthetheperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepspecialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingpeoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingthepsychologicalconsequencesofsleep Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”（Line3,Para.Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoaThedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallFewAmericanswillchangedollarsintootherAmericantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup—slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlee.g.Herbicides,likeallchemicalssprayedintheenvironment,havesomeadverseeffects.Notonlyhaveearthwormsandothersoilmicroorganismsbeenkilledbysomeherbicides,butalsomuchneededinsectpredatorshavebeendestroyedbythesechemicals.Theword“adverse”couldbebestrecedbywhichoftheunusualB)interestingC)harmfulD)分號(hào)：并列(2006-12-52)The“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”(Line2,Para.1)refersto thebiologicalprocessinwhichhumanbeings’senseofself-defensetheinstinctivefearhumanbeingsfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialtheactofevaluatingadangeroussituationandmakingaquicktheelaboratemechanisminthehumanbrainforretrievingInapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.“Ananimalthatcan’tdetectdangercan’tstayalive.”saysJosephLeDoux.Likeanimals,humansevolvedwithanelaboratemechanismforprocessinginformationaboutpotentialthreats.Atitscoreisaclusterofneurons（神經(jīng)元）deepinthebrainknownastheamygdale（扁桃核詞匯題典型范文一（2006.12text①Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebodyssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.“Ananimalthatcan’tdetectdangercan’tstayalive.”saysJosephLeDoux.Likeanimals,humansevolvedwithanelaboratemechanismforprocessinginformationaboutpotentialthreats.Atitscoreisaclusterofneurons（神經(jīng)元）deepinthebrainknownastheamygdale（扁桃核The“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”(Line2,Para.1)refersto“thebiologicalprocessinwhichhumanbeings’senseofself-defensetheinstinctivefearhumanbeingsfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialtheactofevaluatingadangeroussituationandmakingaquicktheelaboratemechanisminthehumanbrainforretrieving詞匯題典型范文一（2006.12text①Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.“Ananimalthatcan’tdetectdangercan’tstayalive.”saysJosephLeDoux.Likeanimals,humansevolvedwithanelaboratemechanismforprocessinginformationaboutpotentialthreats.Atitscoreisaclusterofneurons（神經(jīng)元）deepinthebrainknownastheamygdale（扁桃核FromthestudiesconductedbyLeDouxwelearn reactionsofhumansandanimalstodangeroussituationsareoftenmemoriesofsignificanteventsenablepeopletocontrolfearandpeople’sunpleasantmemoriesarederivedfromtheirfeelingsoftheamygdaleysavitalpartinhumanandanimalresponsestopotential詞匯題典型范文一（2006.12text②LeDouxstudiesthewayanimalsandhumansrespondtothreatstounderstandhowweformmemoriesofsignificanteventsinourlives.Theamygdalereceivesinputfrommanypartsofthebrain,includingregionsresponsibleforretrievingmemories.Usingthisinformation,theamygdaleappraisesasituation—Ithinkthischargingdogwantstobiteme—andtriggersaresponsebyradiatingnervesignalsthroughoutthebody.Thesesignalsproducethefamiliarsignsofdistress:trembling,perspirationandfast-movingfeet,justtonamethree.Fromthepassageweknow alittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledalittleworrywillenableustosurviveafearstrengthensthehumandesiretosurvivefearhelpspeopletoanticipatecertainfuture詞匯題典型范文一（2006.12text③Thisfearmechanismiscriticaltothesurvivalofallanimals,butnoonecansayforsurewhetherbeastsotherthanhumansknowthey’reafraid.Thatis,asLeDouxsays,“ifyouputthatsystemintoabrainthathasconsciousness,thenyougetthefeelingoffear.”Fromthepassageweknow alittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledalittleworrywillenableustosurviveafearstrengthensthehumandesiretosurvivefearhelpspeopletoanticipatecertainfuture詞匯題典型范文一（2006.12text④Humans,saysEdwardM.Hallowell,havetheabilitytocallupimagesofbadthingsthathappenedinthepastandtoanticipatefutureevents.Combinethesehigherthoughtprocesseswithourhardwireddanger-detectionsystems,andyougetanear-universalhumanphenomenon:worry.Fromthepassageweknow alittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledalittleworrywillenableustosurviveafearstrengthensthehumandesiretosurvivefearhelpspeopletoanticipatecertainfuture詞匯題典型范文一（2006.12text⑤That’snotnecessarilyabadthing,saysHallowell.“Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice,”hesays.Afterall,alittlehealthyworryingisokayifitleadstoconstructiveaction—likehavingadoctorlookatthatweirdspotonyourback.54.Fromthepassageweknow alittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledalittleworrywillenableustosurviveafearstrengthensthehumandesiretosurvivefearhelpspeopletoanticipatecertainfuture詞匯題典型范文一（2006.12text⑤That’snotnecessarilyabadthing,saysHallowell.“Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice,”heAfterall,alittlehealthyworryingisokayifitleadstoconstructiveaction—likehavingadoctorlookatthatweirdspotonyourback.Fromthepassageweknow alittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledalittleworrywillenableustosurviveafearstrengthensthehumandesiretosurvivefearhelpspeopletoanticipatecertainfuture詞匯題典型范文一（2006.12text⑥Hallowellinsists,though,thatthere’sarightwaytoworry.“Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmakea n,”hesays.Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt.Tighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaslump.WhichofthefollowingisthebestwaytodealwithyourworriesaccordingtoAskforhelpfromthepeoplearoundUsethebelt-tighteningstrategiesforSeekprofessionaladviceandtakeUnderstandthesituationandbefully詞匯題典型范文一（2006.12text⑥Hallowellinsists,though,thatthere’sarightwaytoworry.“Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmake hesays.Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt.TighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaWhichofthefollowingisthebestwaytodealwithyourworriesaccordingtoAskforhelpfromthepeoplearoundUsethebelt-tighteningstrategiesforSeekprofessionaladviceandtakeUnderstandthesituationandbefully詞匯題典型范文一（2006.12text y,fewofushavemuchexperiencedealingwiththethreatofterrorism,soit’sbeendifficulttogetfactsabouthowweshouldrespond.That’swhyHallowellbelievesitwasokayforpeopletoindul