博士研究生考試

注意：答案請做在答題卡上，做在試題上一律無效。)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.thedifferencebetweenredandgreeneasily.tothesewaters,mayhavebeenaffectedbythetheirdissatisfactioninaseriesofstrikes.B.offerC.manifestconstraintsonher一一shecouldn’tplayhertrumpetorhave9.ThepolicearedoingalltheycantobringthoseresponsibleforthebombingtoA.evidenceB.hearingC.justiceD.rule10.Theprogrammeaimstomakethecountryinfoodandtocutenergyimports.A.self-confidentB.self-sufficientC.self-satisfiedD.self-restrained11.Ithink’dliketostayathomethiseveninggoingoutasitisrainingsoheavily.C.ratherthanD.soonerthanthatdetectivesaredoingeverythingpossibletofindthemurderer.B.approvedC.guaranteedD.convincedhismothers.,statingthenameandbusinessofA.controversy16.Imissedthelastflight,anddecidedC.discussiontostaythenightattheairport.C.moreoverD.meanwhilemanydangersbytravellingaloneinthatarea.B.immunetoC.sensitivetoB.therefore19.ThecandidatehasanimpressivelyA.diverseB.vivid20.WhenIwassenttoprison,IreallyfeltIhadA.let...offB.let...down21.HeA.provoked22.Thegovernmentistryingtorangeofinterestsandexperience.himbeforeyoustartsharingahouse.B.compatiblewithandforgotthatwewouldhaveameetingtoday.C.imbalanceD.sanityPartIIReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Therearefourreadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedsentences.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestanswerandthenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Iamrunningdownanalleywithastolenavocado,havingclimbedoverawhitebrickfenceandintotheforbiddenbackyardofacarefullymanicuredestateatthecomerofElDoradoandCrescentDriveinBeverlyHills,Calif.Ihavesnatchedarock-hardFuerteavocadofromoneofthethreeavocadotreesnearthefence.Ihavebeentoldthatmanyferociousdogspatrolthegrounds;theyarekillers,thesedogs.Iamdefyingthem.Theyarenowheretobefound,exceptinmymind,andmoutandgoneandinthealleywiththeirgrowlsdirectingmyimagination.Iamrunningwithfearandexhilaration,beginningaperiodofsummer.EmergingfromtheshieldofthealleyIcutoutintotheopen.Summerisaboutrunning,andIamrunning,protectedbydistancefromthedogs.AtthecomerofCrescentDriveandLomitasIspotBobbyitzeronabike.Ishout“Tornitzer!”Heturnshishead.Hisbikewobbles.AnautomobilemovingrapidlycatchesTornitzer’sbackwheel.TornitzeristhrownhighintotheairandontotheconcretesidewalkofCrescentDrive.Thedriver,awomanwithgrayhair,swirlsfromthecarhystericallyandhoversnoisilyoverTornitzer,whowillnotsurvivetheaccident.Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.Iamshiveringintheheat,andsinktomyknees.Itisapproximately3:30intheafternoon.ItisJune21,1946.InsevendaysIwillbe8yearsold.31.ThebesttitleforthisstorycouldbeA.Summer.32.Themainimageinparagraph1isofayoungboyA.climbingawhitebrickfences.B.snatchingavocados..andendswiththefeelingof.(2)Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsarediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind.InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohaddevelopedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.HehadbecometheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowingbubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoaconvenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobebeautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsomesortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humorisalittlelikethat:Itwontstandmuchblowingup,anditwon’tstandmuchpoking.Ithasacertainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespect.Essentially,itisacompletemystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecominghystericalanduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthethroesofasneezingfit.Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysadpeople---clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,butitisbadlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensibleofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystragglealongwithagoodwillandendurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboots(orasJoshBillingswittilycalledthem,“tite”boots).Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably,inaformthatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.39.Theword“m”inparagraph3probablymeans.A.joyB.sadnessC.hysteriaD.exhilaration40.Inhisfinalsentence,theauthorisevokinganimageof.(3)Everytimeanoldbuildingistorndowninthiscountry,andanewbuildinggoesup,thegroundfloorbecomesabank.Thereasonforthisisthatbanksaretheonlyoneswhocanaffordtherentforthegroundfloorofthenewbuildingsgoingup.Besides,whenabankloanssomeonemoneytobuildanewbuilding,itusuallytakesanoptionforthestreet-floorfacilities.Mostpeopledon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwiththisandtheyacceptitaspartoftheAmericanfree-enterprisesystem.ButthereisasmallgroupofpeopleinthiscountrywhoarefightingforBankBirthControl.ThisishowHuddlestoneHubbard,theBBC’schairman,explainedit.“Wheneveryouseeanoldbuildingtorndown,”Hubbardsaid,“youusuallyseeacandystore,adrycleaner,adelicatessen,andpossiblyafloristtorndownwithit.Theseshopsareallreplacedinthenewbuildingswithabeautifulglass,aluminum,wall-to-wall-carpetedmoneyfactory.delicatessenandaflorist.Butfromapracticalpointofview,it’sasheerdisaster.Ifyouwantanewspaper,acandybarorachocolatemilkshake,youcan’tgetitatabank.NorcanyourunouttoabankforapoundofSwisscheeseandasix-packofbeerwhenhaveguestscomingover.“Abankisgreatifyouwanttobuyacar,butit’suselessifyouwanttohaveyourdresscleaned.“Andwhileabankmightbuyflowerstogiveitselfahumanimage,itdoesn’tsellanywhenyouwanttomakeupwithyourwife.”“Whatyou’resayingthen,Mr.Hubbard,isthateverytimeabankgoesup,somethinginallofusdies.”“Thesituationismorecrucialthananyonethinks,”Hubbardsaid,“attheratethey’retearingdownconsumerstoresandreplacingthemwithbanks,weestimatethatintenyearsitwillbeimpossibletobuyaloafofbreadinthecountry.Whatgoodisittoget7percentonyourmoneyifyoustarvetodeath?”“Thenwhatyou’resayingisthatitisn’taquestionofnottakingitwithyou.It’saquestionofstayingalivewhileyouhaveit,”Isaid.“Somethinglikethat,”Hubbardagreed.“We’retryingtogetthepublictowakeuptothefactthat’sbettertohaveastorethatsellsscrewdriversthanabankthatgivesawayalarmclocks.”“What’sthesolution?”“Agovernmentdecreethatabankhastosupplythesameservicesofthestoresittore,downonthesameproperty.Ifsabakery,theyhavetosellcake;ifit’saphotography,theyhavetodevelopfilms;andifitsadry-goodsstore,theyhavetosellwarmunderwear.Iftheyprovidetheservicesofthestorestheytoredown,thenwe’llletthemdoalittlemoneylendingontheside.”.D.seriousfearofthefuture.B.hehopestobecomeitspresidentC.heisbeinghumoroustomakehispointD.heisinfavorofallkindsofbirthcontrol.B.areconvenientandcolorfulC.shouldbereplacedbybanksD.shouldbecomesupermarkets45.Theauthormakeshispointbyusing.A.satire(4)Whataboutcloning,forinstance?Cloningisatermoriginallyusedinconnectionwithnonsexualreproductionofplantsandverysimpleanimals.Nowitiscomingintouseinconnectionwithhigheranimals,sincebiologistsarefindingwaysofstartingwithanindividualcellofagrownanimalandinducingittomultiplyintoanothergrownanimal.Undoubtedly,ifpermitted,humanbeingcanbeclonedinthesamewayinthefuture.Butiscloningasafethingtounleashonsociety?Mightitnotbeusedfordestructivepurposes?Forinstance,mightnotsomerulinggroupdecidetoclonetheirsubmissive,downtroddenpeasantry,andthusproduceendlesshordesofsemi-robotswhowillslavetokeepafewinluxuryandwhomayevenserveasendlessranksofsoldiersdesignedtoconquertherestoftheworld?Adreadfulthought,butanunnecessaryfear.Foronething,thereisnoneedtocloneforthepurpose.Theordinarymethodofreproductionproducesallthehumanbeingsthatareneededandasrapidlyasisneeded.Rightnow,theordinarymethodisproducingsomanypeopleastoputcivilizationindangerofimminentdestruction.Whatmorecancloningdo?Secondly,unskilledsemi-robotscannotbesuccessfullypittedagainsttheskilledusersofmachines,eitheronfarms,infactoriesorinarmies.Anynationdependingondowntroddenmasseswillfinditselfaneasymarkforexploitationbyalesspopulousbutmoreskilledandversatilesociety.Thishashappenedinthepastoftenenough.Butevenifweforgetaboutself-hordes,whataboutthecloningofarelativelyfewindividuals?Therearerichpeoplewhocouldaffordtheexpense,orpoliticianswhocouldhavetheinfluenceforit,orthegiftedwhocouldundergoitbypopulardemand.Therecanbetwoofaparticularbankerorgovernororscientist——orthree——orathousand.Mightthisnotcreateakindofprivilegedcaste,whowouldreproducethemselvesingreaterandgreaternumbers,andwhowouldgraduallytakeovertheworld?Beforewegrowconcernedaboutthis,wemustaskwhethertherewillreallybeanygreatdemandforcloning.Wouldyouwanttobecloned?Thenewindividualformedfromyourcellwillhaveyourgenesandthereforeyourappearanceand,possibly,talents,buthewillnotbeyon.Theclonewillbe,atbest,merelyyouridenticaltwin.Identicaltwinssharethesamegeneticpattern,buttheyeachhavetheirownindividualityandareseparatepersons.Cloningisnotapathwaytoimmortality,then,yourconsciousnessdoesnotsurviveinyourclone,anymorethanitwouldinyouridenticaltwinifyouhadone.Infact,yourclonewouldbefarlessthanyouridenticaltwin.Whatshapesandformsapersonalityisnotgenesalone,butalltheenvironmenttowhichitisexposed.Identicaltwinsgrowupinidenticalsurroundings,inthesamefamily,andundereachother’sinfluence.Acloneofyourself,perhapsthirtyorfortyyearsyounger,wouldgrowupinadifferentworldaltogetherandwouldbeshapedbyinfluencesthatwouldbesuretomakehimlessandlesslikeyouashegrowsolder.Hemayevenearnyourjealousy.Afterall,youareoldandheisyoung.Youmayoncehavebeenpoorandstruggledtobecomewell-to-do,buthewillbewell-to-dofromthestart.Themerefactthatyouwontbeabletoviewitasachild,butasanothercompetingand46.Thecentralthemeofthisessayis:...注意：以下各題的答案必須寫在AnswerSheetII上)Directions:FillineachofthefollowingblankswithONEwordtocompletethemeaningofthepassage.WriteyouransweronAnswerSheetII.Aconsiderableamountofmedicalresearchisaimedatidentifyingriskfactorsfordisease.Therationalebehindthisworkisthatwhenpeopleareinformedoftheirrisk,theywillhappilychangetheirbehaviortolowerthatrisk.51thisiscertainlyareasonableassumption,itturnsoutthatthingsarenotquitethatsimpleandstraightforward.Firstofall,healthisnotnecessarilyatoppriorityineveryone’slifeand,forthesepeople,changingbehaviorintheinterestsofhealthmayinterfere52other,moreimportantmatters.Seco