新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三版讀寫教程3課后翻譯3201

NNCEBook3課后翻譯參考答案Unit1英譯中原文：Globalcitizenissomeonewhoidentifieswithbeingpartofanemergingworldcommunityandwhoseactionscontributetobuildingthiscommunity'svaluesandpractices.Globalcitizenshipbelievesthathumankindisessentiallyonandeachindividualhasthepowertchangethings.Inourinterdependentworld,globalcitizenshipencouragesustorecognizeourresponsibilitiestowardeachotherandlearnfromeachother.Globalcitizenscareabouteducation,disease,poverty,andenvironmentalissuesaroundtheTodaworld.y,theforcesofglobalengagementarehelpingsomepeopleidentifythemselvesasglobalcitizenswhohaveasenseofbelongingtoaworldcommunity.Thisgrowingglobalidentityinlargepartismadepossiblebytheforcesofmoderninformation,communicationsandtransportationtechnologies.Globalcitizenshipaimstoempowerpeopletoleadowntheiraction.Alongwiththeknowledgeandvaluesthattheyhavegainedfromlearningaboutglobalissues,peopleneedtobeequippedwiththenecessaryskillstogivethemselvestheabilityandconfidencetobepro-activeinmakiapositivedifferenceintheworld.Keys：世界公民是指一個(gè)人承認(rèn)自己是新興的全球社區(qū)的一分子，而且其行動(dòng)對(duì)全球社區(qū)的價(jià)值打造和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)有所貢獻(xiàn)。世界公民相信人類從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)整體，任何個(gè)人都有改變事物的能力。在我們這樣一個(gè)相互依賴的世界中，世界公民意識(shí)鼓勵(lì)我們認(rèn)識(shí)到對(duì)彼此的責(zé)任，并從對(duì)方身上學(xué)習(xí)。世界公民關(guān)心全球的教育、疾病、貧窮和環(huán)境問(wèn)題。在當(dāng)今，全球合作的力量在使一些人萌發(fā)世界公民的意識(shí)，讓他們擁有對(duì)全球社區(qū)的歸屬感。這種不斷發(fā)展的世界公民意識(shí)在很大程度上來(lái)講，要?dú)w功于現(xiàn)代信息、通信和交通技術(shù)的力量世界公民意識(shí)致力于給予人們力量，讓他們付諸行動(dòng)，世界公民除了要從世界問(wèn)題中學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)和價(jià)值觀，還要擁有必需的技能，使他們擁有能力和自信，積極推動(dòng)世界的發(fā)展。漢譯英原文：如今，很多年輕人不再選擇"穩(wěn)定"的工作，他們更愿意自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，依靠自己的智慧和奮斗去實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值。青年創(chuàng)業(yè)（youngentrepreneurship）是未來(lái)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)活力的來(lái)源，創(chuàng)業(yè)者的成功不但會(huì)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富、增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、改善大家的生活，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，對(duì)于國(guó)家更是一件好事，創(chuàng)業(yè)者正是讓中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)升級(jí)換代的力量。尤其是在當(dāng)前，國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新，在政策上給予中小企業(yè)支持，這更加激發(fā)了年輕人的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情。Keys：Nowadays,manyyoungpeoplenolongerchoose"stable"jobs.Instead,theyprefertostarttheirownbusinessesandrealizetheirself-valuethroughtheirownwisdomandefforts.Youngentrepreneurshipisthesourceofnationaleconomicvitalityinthefuture.Thesuccessofentrepreneursnotonlycreatesfortune,increasesjobopportunities,improvespeople'slife,buisalsogoodforthecountryinthelongterm.EntrepreneursareadrivingforceinupgradingChina'seconomy.Especiallyforthetimebeing,ouriscountencouryagingpeoplesttoarttheirownbusinessesandmakeinnovationsandgivingpolicysupportformediumandsmallbusinesses.Thisfurtherarousesyoungpeople'senthusiasmtostarttheirownbusinesses.Unit2英譯中原文：TheAmericanDreamisanational精ethos(神特質(zhì))oftheUnitedStates.Thetermisusedinmanyways,butitessentiallyisanideathatsuggeststhatanyoneinthesucUSceecandthroughhardworkandhasthepotentialtoleadahappy,successfulife.Manypeoplehaveexpandeduponorrefinedthedefinitiontoincludethingssuchasfreedom,fulfillmentandmeaningfulrelationships.TheideaofanAmericanDreamisolderthantheUS,datingbacktothe

1600s,whenpeoplebegantohaveallsortsofhopesandaspirationsforwhatwasanewandlargelyunexploredcontinenttoEuropeanimmigrants.AndthemeaningoftheDreamhaschangedoverthecourseofhistory,includingbothpersonalcomponentsandaglobalvision.ButnoteverybodythinkstheAmericanDreamisapositivething.SomepeoplebelievethatthestructureofsocietyintheUSpreventssuchanidealisticgoalforeveryone.Criticsoftenpointtoexamplesofinequalityrootedinclass,race,religionandethnicitythatsuggestthattheAmeriDreamisnotattainableforeveryone.Keys：美國(guó)夢(mèng)是美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的民族精神。該詞有各種各樣的用法，但其根本含義是，在美國(guó)任何人都可以通過(guò)努力獲得成功，都有可能過(guò)上幸福而成功的生活口許多人對(duì)美國(guó)夢(mèng)的概念加以拓展和提煉，涵蓋了像自由，自我實(shí)現(xiàn)和深厚的人際關(guān)系等方面的內(nèi)容。美國(guó)夢(mèng)的思想比美國(guó)本身更為久遠(yuǎn)，可以追溯到17世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時(shí)的歐洲移民面對(duì)這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)的、未經(jīng)開發(fā)的廣裹大陸，開始紛紛懷揣希望，追逐夢(mèng)想。隨著歷史的發(fā)展，美國(guó)夢(mèng)的含義也已改變，既包含了個(gè)人元素，也包含了全局視野。但并不是每個(gè)人都對(duì)美國(guó)夢(mèng)持肯定態(tài)度。一些人認(rèn)為美國(guó)的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)決定了不是每個(gè)人都能擁有這樣的理想目標(biāo)。批評(píng)者常常舉以實(shí)例，揭露植根于階級(jí)、種族、宗教和民族的不平等現(xiàn)象，指出美國(guó)夢(mèng)并非每個(gè)人都可企及。漢譯英原文：實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興（rejuvenation）是近代以來(lái)中國(guó)人民最偉大的夢(mèng)想，我們稱之為“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”，其基本內(nèi)涵是實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家富強(qiáng)、民族振興、人民幸福。中國(guó)夢(mèng)，是讓每一個(gè)積極進(jìn)取的中國(guó)人形成世世代代的信念：只要經(jīng)過(guò)不懈的奮斗便能獲得更好的生活。人們必須通過(guò)自己的勤奮、勇氣、創(chuàng)意和決心邁向繁榮，而不是依賴于社會(huì)和他人的援助。每個(gè)中國(guó)人都是中國(guó)夢(mèng)的參與者和創(chuàng)造者。中國(guó)夢(mèng)是民族的夢(mèng)，也是每個(gè)中國(guó)人的夢(mèng)。Keys：Realizingthegreatnationalrejuvenation,whichwedefineastheChineseDream,hasbeenthegreatestChineseexpectationsincemodemtimes.Itbasicallymeansachievingprosperityforthecountry,renewalofthenationandhappinessforthepeople,thusensuringthateveryenterprisingChinesecarries,generationaftergeneration,thefirmconvictionthatabetterlifeisaccomplishedthroughpersistenteffort.Peopleshouldachievetheirprosperitythroughdiligence,courage,creativityanddeterminationinsteadofaidfromsocietyorotherpeople.EachindividualisaparticipantandadesignerinthecauseofrealizingtheChineseDforitisadreamnotonlyfortheentirenationbutalsoforeveryChinese.Unit3英譯中原文：LeonardodaVinci,oneofthegreatestmindsoftheItalianRenaissance,isperhapsthemostdiverselytalentedpersonevertohavelived.Apainter,sculptor,architect,mathematician,engineer,andinventor,heisfamousforawiderangeofaccomplishments.Hisnaturalgenius,whichcrossedmultipledisciplines,wonhimthetitleof"RenaissanceMaster".Leonardoisrenownedprimarilypasainater.Amonghisworks,theMonaLisaisthebestknownandTheLastSupperthemostreproducedreligiouspaintingofalltime.WhatmakeLeonardo'sdrawingsuniquearemainlyhisinnovativetechniquesandacutescientificmind.Perhapsonly15ofhispaintingshavesurvived,partlybecausehisconstantexperimentationwithnewtechniquesmadehistotaloutputquitesmall.Althoughnotaprolific(多產(chǎn)的)painter,Leonardowasamostproductivedraftsman,keepingjournalsfullofsketches,drawings,anddiagrams.Thesenotebooks,oftenreferredtoasdaVinci'smanuscripts,recordedhisinventions,observations,andtheoriesabouteverythingthatcapturedhisattention.Leonard'sgeniusmadehimapioneerinalmosteveryfieldofstudyheundertook.Hispaintings,togetherwithhis

notebooks,havecontributedsignificantlytothehistoryofart.Keys：萊奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇是意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期最偉大的思想家之一，也許也是迄今最多才多藝的人。他是畫家、雕刻家、建筑家、數(shù)學(xué)家、工程師和發(fā)明家，因成就廣泛而聞名。他的天賦跨越多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，為其贏得了“文藝復(fù)興大師的稱號(hào)”。萊奧納多主要作為畫家而著名。在其所有作品中，《蒙娜麗莎》最為有名，而《最后的晚餐》則是歷來(lái)復(fù)制最多的宗教畫作。萊奧納多作品的獨(dú)特之處主要在于其創(chuàng)新性的技巧和敏銳的科學(xué)思維。他的畫作大約只有15幅流傳了下來(lái)，其部分原因是他不斷試驗(yàn)新的技巧，所以作品總量很小。萊奧納多雖然不是多產(chǎn)畫家，卻是一位最高產(chǎn)的繪圖家，他在日記中畫滿了各種草圖、圖畫和圖表。這此筆記通常被稱為達(dá).芬奇手稿，記錄了他的各種發(fā)明、觀察，以及他對(duì)自己感興趣的事物提出的理論。萊奧納多的天賦使他幾乎在涉足的每一領(lǐng)域都成了先驅(qū)。他的畫作，連同他的筆記，在藝術(shù)史上貢獻(xiàn)斐然。漢譯英原文：水墨畫（inkandwashpainting）是中國(guó)獨(dú)具特色的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式之一，是中國(guó)國(guó)畫的代表。它大約始于唐代，興盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的歷史，其間經(jīng)歷了不斷的發(fā)展、提高和完善。水墨畫的創(chuàng)作工具和材料是具有濃厚中國(guó)特色的毛筆、宣紙和墨，其作品特點(diǎn)也與此緊密相關(guān)。例如，水和墨相互調(diào)和，使作品具有干濕濃淡的層次。水墨和宣紙的交融滲透也使畫作善于表現(xiàn)豐富的意象，從而達(dá)到獨(dú)特的審美效果。水墨畫在中國(guó)繪畫史上具有很高的地位，甚至被認(rèn)為是衡量東方繪畫藝術(shù)水平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Keys：Inkandwashpainting,oneoftheuniquetraditionalartformsofChina,isrepresentativeofChinesepainting.ItbeganaroundthetimeoftheTangDynasty,andthenprosperedSongintheandYuandynasties.Withahistoryofoveronethousandyears,ithasexperiencedconstantdevelopment,improvementandperfection.Thetoolsandmaterialsusedtocreateinkandwashpainting,i.e,brushes,ricepaper,andink,arecharacteristicofChinesecultureandcloselyretothefeaturesofthepaintings.Forexample,themixingofwaterandinkcreatesdifferentshadofdryness,wetness,thicknessandthinness.Theintegrationandinfiltrationofwater,ink,andpaperenablessuchpaintingstoconveyrichimages,andhencetoachieveuniqueaestheticeffects.InkandwashpaintingholdsahighstatusinthehistoryofChinesepainting,anditisregardedasthecriteriontoevaluatetheartisticlevelofOrientalpaintings.Unit4英譯中原文：Veniceistheworld'sfamousislandcityinnorthernItaly.Foundedinthe5thcentury,Venicebecameamajormaritimepowerinthe10thcentury.IntheMiddleAgesandtheRenaissance,Venicewasamajorcenterforcommerceandtrade,andbecameanextremelywealthyEuropeancity,aleaderinpoliticalandeconomicaffairs.hunAfterdredyeseveralarsinpower,Venicebegantodeclineinthe15thcentury.Nowadays,itisregardedasoneoftheworld'smostbeautifulcitiesandoneofthemostimportanttouristdestinationsintheworld.Venicehasarichanddiversearchitecturalstyle,themostofwhfamousichistheGothicstyle.Veniceisalsoknownforseveralimportantartisticmovementsinhistory,especiallytheRenaissanceperiod.TheinfluenceofVeniceonthedevelopmentofarchitectureandartshasbeenconsiderable.Today,itpislaystillinganimportantroleincontemporaryartsandpopularcultures.In1987,VenicewaslistedasaWorldHeritageSite.InMarch1980,VenicebecameasistercityofChina'sSuzhouCity.Keys：威尼斯是意大利北部一座世界聞名的島城。威尼斯建立于公元5世紀(jì)，在公元10世紀(jì)時(shí)成為一支重要的海上力量。在中世紀(jì)和文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，威尼斯曾是重要的商貿(mào)中心，是

當(dāng)時(shí)歐洲極為富裕的城市，在政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)中居領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。幾百年的興盛之后，威尼斯在15世紀(jì)開始衰落。如今，威尼斯被公認(rèn)為是全世界最美的城市之一，也是全世界最重要的旅游勝地之一。威尼斯的建筑風(fēng)格豐富多樣，其中最出名的是哥特式風(fēng)格。威尼斯還因歷史上的幾次重要的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)而聞名，特別是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期。威尼斯對(duì)建筑和藝術(shù)的發(fā)展影響巨大。至今，威尼斯仍對(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)和流行文化的發(fā)展起著重要作用。1987年，威尼斯被列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。1980年3月，威尼斯與中國(guó)蘇州結(jié)為“友好城市”。漢譯英原文：麗江地處云南省西北部，境內(nèi)多山。麗江古城坐落在玉龍雪山腳下，是一座風(fēng)景秀麗的歷史文化名城，也是我國(guó)保存完好的少數(shù)民族古城之一。麗江古城始建于南宋，距今約有800年的歷史。麗江不僅歷史悠久，而且民族眾多，少數(shù)民族人口占全區(qū)人口的半數(shù)以上。隨著麗江旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，到麗江古城觀光游覽的中外游客日益增多。1997年12月，麗江古城申報(bào)世界文化遺產(chǎn)獲得成功，填補(bǔ)了中國(guó)在世界文化遺產(chǎn)中無(wú)歷史文化名城的空白。Keys：LijiangisamountainouscityinnorthwestYunnanProvince.TheoldtownofLijiang,locatedatthefootofJadeDragonSnowMountain,isatownofscenicknobeautywnforanditshistoryandculture.’sItalsoawell-preservedoldtownwithfeaturesmiofnorethnicities.TheconstructionworkoftheoldtownwasstartedfromtheSouthernSongDynastyabout800yearsfromnow.NotonlydoesLijiangboasthaislongtory,butalsoitboastsmanyethnicminoritieswhomakeupoverahalfofthetotalpopulationintheregion.WiththeboomingofLijiangtourism,theoldtownofLijiangisreceivingagrowingnumberoftouristsfromhomeandabroad.InDecember1997,theoldtownsucceededinapplyingbtoenamedaWorldCulturalHeritageSite,fillingthegapoflackinganotedhistoricalandChculturalinaonthcityeWorldinCulturalHeritageList.Unit5英譯中原文：TheEnglishceremonyofafternoonteadatesbacktothe1840s.ThetraditionevolvedoutoftheritualsandroutinesthatsurroundedteadrinkinginBritainbeforethattimeTeawasfirstintroducedtoEnglandinthelate1650s,butforalongtime,itwasonlyconsumedbytheroyalfamilyandthearistocracyduetoitshighcost.Thehabitofhavingafternoonteanotbecomeestablisheduntilalmost200yearslater.Inthosedays,theBritishateonlytwodailymeals:alargebreakfastlateinthemorningandalatedinneraround8o'clockintheevening.Anna,the7thDuchessofBedford,canbecreditedforcreatingthetraditionofafternoonteatsoothehungerpangsbeforesupper.Sheinvitedfriendstojoinherforanadditionalafternoonmealatfourtofiveo'clock.Themenuincludedteaandsnackssuchasdaintycakesandsandwiches.Fineporcelain(瓷器)wasusedtoservethisminorfeast.Afternoonteasoonbecamepopular,andnisowasymboloftheelegantBritishofwaylife.AsnovelistHenryJameswrote,"Therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourdedicatedtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea.Keys：英式下午茶的儀式可以迫溯到19世紀(jì)40年代，該傳統(tǒng)是由之前英國(guó)的茶飲儀式和習(xí)慣發(fā)展而來(lái)的。茶最初在17世紀(jì)50年代晚期被引入英國(guó)，但由于價(jià)格昂貴，所以很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，只有皇家和貴族才能享用。直到將近200多年之后，英國(guó)人才養(yǎng)成吃下午茶的習(xí)慣。在當(dāng)時(shí)，英國(guó)人一日兩餐:快接近中午時(shí)分的豐盛早餐和晚上八點(diǎn)左右的晚餐。據(jù)說(shuō)第七代貝德福德公爵夫人安娜開創(chuàng)了下午茶的傳統(tǒng)，以此來(lái)緩解晚餐前的饑餓感。她邀請(qǐng)朋友和她一起在下午四五點(diǎn)鐘吃下午茶。下午茶中包括茶和一些點(diǎn)心，比如精致的蛋糕及三明治。這些小巧的美食用精美的瓷器盛裝。下午茶很快就流行開來(lái)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為優(yōu)雅英國(guó)生活方式

的一個(gè)象征。正如小說(shuō)家亨利詹姆斯寫道的那樣:“人生鮮有比全心全意享用下午茶這一儀式更愜意的時(shí)刻了?！睗h譯英原文：中國(guó)是茶的故鄉(xiāng)，也是茶文化的發(fā)源地。自古以來(lái)，茶就被譽(yù)為中華民族的“國(guó)飲”。無(wú)論是文人墨客生活中的“琴棋書畫詩(shī)酒茶”，還是平民百姓生活中的“柴米油鹽醬醋茶”，茶都是必備品。同時(shí)，中國(guó)又是文明古國(guó)，禮儀之邦。凡是來(lái)了客人或朋友，沏茶、敬茶的禮儀必不可少。隨著中外文化交流和商業(yè)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，中國(guó)茶及茶文化傳向了全世界。現(xiàn)在五大洲有不少國(guó)家種茶，也有很多國(guó)家從中國(guó)進(jìn)口茶。中國(guó)茶和中國(guó)的絲綢及瓷器一樣，已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)在全世界的代名詞。Keys：Chinaisthehometownofteaandthebirthplaceofteaculture.Sincetimes,ancientteahasbeenknownasthe"nationaldrink"ofChina.InboththeChinesescholars'evendailynecessities,namelymusic,chess,calligraphy,painting,poetry,wineandteaandcommonpeople'ssevenones,namelyfirewood,rice,saloil,t,soysauce,vinegarandtea.Teaislistedasoneofthenecessities.Meanwhile,Chinaisacountrywithancientcivilizationandalandofcourtesy.Thepracticeofmakingandservingteaisessentialwhenevertherefriearends.guestsorWiththedevelopmentofculturalexchange,commerceandtradebetweenChinaandothercountries,Chineseteaandteaculturalspreadtotheworld.Today,ofcoauntumbriesracrossthefivecontinentsgrowteaplants,andmanycountriesimportteafromChina.ChinesetealikeChinesesilkandChinaware,hasbecomesynonymouswithChinaintheworld.Unit6英譯中原文：Homer’sepicsaresaidtobewrittenbyanancientGreekblindpoetwhoHomer,isreveredasthegreatestofancientGreekepicpoets.TheepicsincludetwogreatworksofGreekhistory:theIliadandtheOdyssey.ThetwoepicsaretheearliestworksofGreekliterature,andareamongthegreatesttreasuresoftheancientworld,regardedbyWesternersasthegreatestepicsinhistory.Theyhavehadanenormousinfluenceonthehistoryofliteratureandareofgreatvalueforthestudygeograpofhy,history,archeologyandfolklore.Boththeepicsaredividedinto24volumes,theIliadcontaining15,693linesandtheOdyssey12,11lines.TheIliadistheoldestsurvivingworkofGreekwliterature,hichtellsthestoryofthe10-yearsiegeofthecityofTroy.TheOdysseymainlycentersontheGreekheroOdysseusandhisjourneyhomeafterthefallofGTroy.iventheconciselanguage,vividplotsandcharacters,Homer’sepicsaregreatmasterpiecesofliteratureandoccupyanimportantpositionintheworldliteraturehistory.Keys：《荷馬史詩(shī)》據(jù)傳是由古希臘最偉大的史詩(shī)詩(shī)人?！逗神R史詩(shī)》由歷史的兩部巨著《的著作，也是古代世界最偉大的瑰寶之一，被西方人認(rèn)為是歷史盲詩(shī)人荷馬創(chuàng)作，他被推崇為古希臘伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》組成，是希臘文學(xué)最早上最偉大的史詩(shī)。這兩部史反映希臘詩(shī)對(duì)文學(xué)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，并對(duì)研究歷史、地理、考古以及民俗具有重大的價(jià)值。兩部史詩(shī)都分為24卷，《伊利亞特》有15,693行，《奧德賽》有12,110行?！兑晾麃喬亍肥乾F(xiàn)存希臘文學(xué)中最早的著作，講述的是特洛伊十年圍城的故事?！秺W德賽》雄奧德修斯以及他在特洛伊陷落之后回家途中發(fā)生的故事?！逗神R史詩(shī)》以其精煉的語(yǔ)言、生動(dòng)的情節(jié)和人物形象被認(rèn)為是偉大的文學(xué)杰作，在世界文學(xué)史上享有重要地位。則主要講述希臘英漢譯英原文：《孫子兵法》（TheArtofWar）是我國(guó)古代著名的軍事家（strategist）孫武的著作。它既是一部經(jīng)典的軍事著作，又是一部光輝的哲學(xué)著作，是我國(guó)燦爛的古代文化中一

份珍貴的遺產(chǎn)。孫武在書中揭示了一系列具有普遍意義的軍事規(guī)律，提出了一套完整的軍事理論體系。這一理論體系不僅深受戰(zhàn)國(guó)以來(lái)歷代軍事家的重視和推崇，對(duì)他們的軍事思想和實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生了重要的影響，而且在世界軍事思想領(lǐng)域也擁有廣泛的影響，享有極高的聲譽(yù)。Keys：TheArtofWarwaswrittenbySunWu,afamousancientChinesestrategist.Aclassicworknotonlyofmilitaryvaluebutalsoofgreatphilosophicalsignificance,TheArtofWarisapreheritageofbrilliantancientChineseculture.SunWudisclosedinhisbookaseriesofmilitaryrulesandprinciples,andputforwardacompletesystemofmilitarytheory.beeHisntheoryhashighlyregardedbystrategistssincetheWarringStatesPeriodandexertedstrongimpactsontheithoughtandpractice.Moreoverithasyieldedaworldwideinfluenceinthefieldofmilitarythought,enjoyingextremelyhighprestige.Unit7英譯中原文：TheWTO,establishedonJanuary1,1995,intendstosuperviseandliberalizeinternationaltrade.Theorganizationdealswithregulationoftradebetweenparticipatingcountriesitprovidesaframeworkfornegotiatingandformalizingtradeagreements,andadisputeresolutionprocessaimedatenforcingparticipant's遵守adherence)toWTO(agreements,whicharesignedbyrepresentativesofmembergovernmentsandratified(批準(zhǔn))bytheirparliaments.TheprocessofbecomingaWTOmemberisuniquetoeachapplicantcountry,andthetermsofaccessionaredependentuponthecountry'sstageofeconomicdevelopmentandcurrenttraderegime體制()。ChinabecameamemberoftheWTOonDecember11，2001.TheadmissionofChinatotheWTOwasprecededbyalengthyprocessofnegotiationsandrequiredsignificantchangestotheChineseeconomy.ItalsomeantadeeperintegrationofChinaintotheworldeconomy.TheadmissionofChinatotheWTOwasanenormousmultilateral(多邊的)achievementwhichmarkedaclearcommitmenttowardmultilateralismfromtheChineseperspective.Keys：世界貿(mào)易組織成立于1995年1月1日，旨在監(jiān)督和促進(jìn)國(guó)際貿(mào)易自由化。該組織負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)成員國(guó)之間的貿(mào)易進(jìn)行調(diào)控，為貿(mào)易協(xié)定的談判和形成制定框架，并提供爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制以敦促成員國(guó)遵守世貿(mào)協(xié)定，而這些協(xié)定皆為各成員國(guó)政府的代表所簽署且獲得其立法機(jī)構(gòu)的批準(zhǔn)。每一個(gè)申請(qǐng)國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織的過(guò)程各不相同，加入條件取決于該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的階段和現(xiàn)行貿(mào)易體制。中國(guó)在2001年12月11日成為世貿(mào)組織成員國(guó)，是在經(jīng)歷了漫長(zhǎng)的談判，并按照要求對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)作出重大改變之后才得以加入的,這也意味著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)能更深入地融入到世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中。中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織是一項(xiàng)巨大的多邊成果，而對(duì)中國(guó)而言，這也標(biāo)志著其致力于多邊貿(mào)易的明確承諾。漢譯英原文：上海自貿(mào)區(qū)（ShanghaiFreeTradeZone）是中國(guó)政府于2013年設(shè)立在上海的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。上海自貿(mào)區(qū)總面積為28.78平方公里，是中國(guó)大陸境內(nèi)第一個(gè)自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，也是進(jìn)行一系列經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的“試驗(yàn)田”（testingground）。設(shè)立上海自貿(mào)區(qū)是順應(yīng)全球經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展新趨勢(shì)，實(shí)行更加積極主動(dòng)開放戰(zhàn)略的一項(xiàng)重大舉措。其主要任務(wù)是為全面深化改革開放探索新路徑、積累新經(jīng)驗(yàn)。上海自貿(mào)區(qū)作為試點(diǎn)（pilotproject），是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的“試金石”（touchstone），將為深化改革、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)活力起到積極的推動(dòng)作用。Keys：ShanghaiFreeTradeZoneisafreetradezoneinShanghaithatwas2launched013byintheChinesegovernment.Coveringanareaof28.78squarekilometers,ShanghaiFreeTradeZoneisthefirstofitsCkindhina'inSmainland,andisregardedasa"testingground"foranumberofeconomicreforms.Theestablishmentofthefreetradezoneisasignificantmeasuretakento

activelypromotetheopening-upstrategyunderthenewglobaleconomicandtradesituation.Itundertakesamajortasktoexplorenewwaysandaccumulatenewexperienceforthedeepeningofreformandopeningupinanall-roundway.pilotAsproaject,ShanghaiFreeTradeZonewillbecomea"touchstone"forChineseeconomy.Itwillplayanactiveroleindeepeningreformsandboostingeconomicvigor.Unit8英譯中原文：TheNewYear'sConcertoftheViennaPhilharmonic(愛(ài)樂(lè)樂(lè)團(tuán))isaconcertofclassicalmusicthattakesplaceeachyearinthemorningofNewYear'sDayinVienna,Austria.ThmusicalwaysincludespiecesfromtheStraussfamily-withoccasionaladditionalmusicfromothermainAustriancomposers.Thedemandforticketsissohighthatpeoplehavetopre-registeroneyearinadvanceinordertoparticipateinthedrawingofticketsforthefollowingyear.Thepopularityoftheconcertscanbeattributedtothecreativeener