專題15-名詞性從句-備戰(zhàn)2020年高考高中英語語法專項突破訓(xùn)練

專題十四名詞性從句重難點分析名詞性從句是歷年高考的重點和難點，也是熱點。名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可作主句的主語、賓語、表語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句（見下表）。主語從句作主語，用that,whether,if,what(=thethingthat)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。賓語從句作賓語，用that（可省略）,whether（ornot）,if,what(=thethingwhich)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。表語從句用that（一般不省略）,whether,what(=thethingwhich)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。同位語從句用that（常用在news,thought,idea,plan,suggestion,fact等詞后），whether等連接詞引導(dǎo)。一、主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主語謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。如：Whowillgoisnotimportant.誰將去不是重要的。1.it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子每一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.(主語從句)你沒去看電影真是遺憾。Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）謀殺案發(fā)生的時間是在早晨。2.用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)句型例句1Itis+名詞+主語從句Itisafactthat…事實是……/Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸……/Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識2Itis+形容詞+主語從句Itisnaturalthat………很自然/Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是……（此句型后面常接虛擬語氣should+動詞原形）3It+不及物動詞+主語從句Itseemsthat…似乎……/Ithappenedthat…碰巧……/Itappearsthat…似乎……4Itis/hasbeen+過去分詞+主語從句Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道……/Ithasbeenprovedthat…據(jù)證實……/Itissaidthat…據(jù)說……/Itisbelievedthat據(jù)認(rèn)為/一般人都認(rèn)為……2.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況說明例句1if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可位于復(fù)合句句首Whetherhewillcomeornotinunknown.(正)Ifhewillcomeornotisunknown.(誤)2Itissaid/reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前ItissaidthatJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.(正)Jiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(誤)3Ithappens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(正)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(誤)4Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(正)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(誤)5含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前Isn’tlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(正)Isthatitwillrainintheeveninglikely?(誤)二、賓語從句賓語從句是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。說明例句1作動詞的賓語由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that通常可以省略）Iheard(that)hejoinedthearmy.我聽說他參軍了。由what,whether/if,when,where等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她告訴我她將接受我的邀請。2作介詞的賓語Oursuccessdependson/uponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我們的成功取決于我們互相合作得有多好。3作形容詞的賓語Iamafraid(that)Ihavemadeamistake.恐怕我犯了個錯。4It可以作為形式賓語Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我們聽說她下個月打算結(jié)婚。5否定前移（若主句謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式）。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。注意：that引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在某些形容詞后作賓語，如：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,gald,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content等。也可將此類詞后的從句看作是原因狀語從句。三、表語從句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that一般不省略。另外，常用的含有表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“Thereasonisthat…”，“Itisbecause…”，“That’swhy…”等。如：Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.他上學(xué)遲到的原因是他錯過了早班車。四、同位語從句同位語從句是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。說明例句1同位語的功能(一般由that引導(dǎo))對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.國王做出釋放那個罪犯的決定讓所有人都很吃驚。說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.所有的士兵都應(yīng)該保持不動，這個命令是將軍下的。2同位語從句在句子中的位置有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，被別的詞隔開HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.他從瑪麗那里得到消息——運(yùn)動會被推遲了。五、whether,if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別說明例句1句首引導(dǎo)主語從句只能用whetherWhetherwewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.我們明天是否去野營取決于天氣。2if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句Whatthedoctorreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我的母親是否會很快從重病中恢復(fù)。3if不能引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句Everythingdependsonwhetherwecanmakeaplanthattheywillagreeto.一切取決于我們能否做出一個他們會同意的計劃。4賓語從句是否定句只能用ifIaskedPeterifhehadn’tdecidedwhathewouldsayatthemeeting.我問皮特他是不是還沒決定會議上他講的內(nèi)容。5discuss后的賓語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)Wediscussedwhetherthemedicinewillcausesideeffects.我們討論了這個藥是否會引起副作用。注意：doubt作“懷疑”解，后接賓語從句時，如主句是肯定的，賓語從句用whether或if引導(dǎo)，如主句是否定，賓語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。如：Idoubtwhether/ifheisfitforthejob.我懷疑他是否勝任這份工作。Idon’tdoubtthathecandoitverywell.他能把它做好，我不懷疑?？键c練透一、單句填空用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空，補(bǔ)全下列句子。1.Ican’tdecidedictionaryIwouldbuy.2.That’sherefusedmyinvitation.3.Iamveryinterestedinhehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.4.weneedismoretime.5.Thefactshehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.6.andtheywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.7.Pleasetellmeyouarewaitingfor.8.Isthatyouarelookingfor?9.Wouldyoupleasetellmethenearestpostofficeis?10.Idon’tknowhewillagreetotheplanornot.11.isdonecann’tbeundone.12.Takecareyoudon’tmakemistakesinthecomingexam.13.Tohissurprise,theumbrellawasnothehadput.14.wecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.15.heiswillingtocomeisnotimportant.16.theyaremostinterestedinistheycanproducemoreandbettercars.17.Itdoesn’tmatterIrestornot.18.Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater.19.Ithinkitisyouareeatingtoomuch.20.CanyoumakesureAlicehasputthegoldnecklace?21.—Doyourememberhecame?—Yes,Ido.Hecamebytrain.22.Motheraskedmewaswrongwithme.23.theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.24.hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.25.Thatishefailedtoarriveontime.二、語篇填空根據(jù)短文意思用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。Idon’tknow1youhavenoticed2somestudentsdon’twanttowalktoschool.Itcanbeseeneveryday3theirparentsdrivethemtoschool.Butnowadays,itshouldbebroughttoournotice4theairisseriouslypolluted.5canwedoaboutit?HereIhaveasuggestion6weshouldrideonourbiketoschool!7wecandoitwillnotonlyhavesignificantbenefitsforourhealth,8alsohelpimproveourenvironment.9wewillhaveabetterenvironmentdependson10wecandoforourselvesandfornature.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Keepingcomplainingcanbeahurtininterpersonalrelationships.So,1(improve)relationshipwithothers,youneedtobeawareofseveralsensiblewaystocomplain.Tobeginwith,youneedtobespecific.Don’tsay,“Boy,didyouactlike2foolattheparty?”Instead,say,“Youembarrassedmebygettingdrunkandtelling3(offend)jokestomyparents.”Secondly,sticktothepresent.Don’tmentionoldoffences4arefromlastmonthorlastyear.5doingthis,youtakeawayattentionfromtheproblemathand.Moreover,6youcomplain,neveraddinsults.Ifyoustartcallingtheotherpersonnames,thatonly7(create)angerandhurtanychanceofgettingthepersontoreallylistento8.Alastpointtorememberistocomplainprivately.Nevercriticizetheotherpersoninfrontoffriends,parents,children,oranyoneelseforthatmatter.Criticizinginfrontofathirdpartyhasthesameeffectasinsults.Thisshamestheperson9(criticize)andmakes10verylikelythatthepersonwillwanttoattackyouorallyratherthanlistentoyou.助讀詞匯sensibleadj.明智的specificadj.具體的offencen.冒犯insultn.侮辱privatelyadv.私下地shamevt.使丟臉orallyadv.口頭上interpersonalrelationship人際關(guān)系參考答案考點練透一、單句填空1.which2.why3.how4.What5.that6.When;where7.whom(m)8.what9.where10.whether11.What12.that13.where14.What;what15.