考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題94-06文章版

1994年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary

PartA

Directions:

Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],B),[C]and[D].

Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETby

blackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)

1.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,weinEuropefortwoweeks.

[A]shallstay

[B]havestayed

[C]willhavestayed

fD]havebeenstaying

2.Iappreciatedtheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.

[A]havingbeengiven

[B]havinggiven

[C]tohavebeengiven

[D]tohavegiven

3.LivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems,obtainingwaterisnotthe

least.

[A]ofwhich

[B]forwhat

[C]as

[D]whose

4.Theheartisintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.

[A]notso

|B|notmuch

[C]muchmore

[D]nomore

5.thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,Prof.Whitepersistedinhis

research.

[A]Becauseof

[B]Asto

[C]Inspiteof

[D]Inviewof

6.JeanWagner'smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishis

insistencethatitinreligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.

[A]istobeanalyzed

[B]hasbeenanalyzed

[C]beanalyzed

[D]shouldhavebeenanalyzed

7.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,allpractical

valuebythetimetheyfinished.

[A]couldlose

[B]wouldhavelost

[C]mightlose

[DJoughttohavelost

8.Nobreadeatenbymanissosweetasearnedbyhisownlabour.

[A]one

[B]that

[C]such

[D]what

9.Itisn'tcoldenoughforthereafrosttonight,soIcanleaveJim'scaroutquite

safely.

[A]wouldbe

[B]being

[C]was

[D]tobe

10.ScientistsgenerallyagreethattheEarth'sclimatewillwarmupoverthenext50to100years

ithaswarmedinthe20,000yearssincetheIceAge.

[A]aslongas

[B]asmuchas

[C]assoonas

[D]aswellas

PartB

Directions:

Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Identify

thepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETby

blackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)

11.Similarelementsintheprehistoricremains|A]frombothareassuggest|B]thatIndiansand

theirneighbourshadmaintained[C]distantbutrealconnectionsever[D]before1500B.C.

12.Itsoonbecameobviously[A]thatinsteadofbeingtrained[B]tosingshewould[C]be

trainedas[D]theastronomer'sassistant.

13.Healsoconceived[A]thatthesolarsystemandtheuniversewouldcome[B]intoexistence

by[C]anaturalprocessandwoulddisappear[D]oneday.

14.Themoonhasamassthatisnearlyonehundredtimesless[A]thantheearth|B|;in

consequence[C],theforceof[D]gravityatthemoon'ssurfaceisonlyone-sixthofthatatthe

earth'ssurface.

15.叮heBunsenburnerisso[A]namedbecauseitisthought[B]tobeinvented[C]byRobert

Bunsen,whowasGermanby[D]birth.

16.Muchalthough[A]Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequal[B]herin

thoroughness,whatever[C]thejob[DI.

17.Theweeds[A]andtallgrassinthatyardmakes[B]thehouselook[C]asifithadbeen

vacant[D]forquitesometime.

18.Ifonly[A]thenatureoftheagingprocessis[B]betterunderstood,thepossibilityof

discovering[C]amedicinethatcanblockthefundamentalprocessofagingseems[D]very

remote.

19.WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheis[A]asapainter[B],Icannothelpbutbelieving[C]that

thepublic[D]willappreciatehisgift.

20.Allenhasstated[A]thathehasalwayshad|B|agreatinterest[C|andadmirationfor[D]the

workoftheBritisheconomistKeynes.

PartC

Directions:

Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].

Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MaikyouransweronANSWERSHEET1by

blackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)

21.Pleasedonotbebyhisbadmannerssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.

[A]disregarded

[B]distorted

[C]irritated

[D]intervened

22.Craigassuredhisbossthathewouldallhisenergiesindoingthisnewjob.

[A]callforth

[B]callat

[C]callon

[D]calloff

23.ToomuchtoX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

[A]disclosure

[B]exhibition

[C]contact

[D]exposure

24.Whenconfrontedwithsuchquestions,mymindgoes,andIcanhardlyremember

myowndateofbirth.

[A]dim

|B|blank

[C]faint

[D]vain

25.Itiswellknownthatknowledgeistheconditionforexpansionofmind.

[A]incompatible

[B]incredible

[C]indefinite

[D]indispensable

26.MorethantwohundredyearsagotheUnitedStatesfromtheBritishEmpireand

becomeanindependentcountry.

[A]gotoff

[B]pulleddown

[C]brokeaway

|D]attachedto

27.Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneisloudcontinuous

noise.

[A]subjectedto

[B]filledwith

[C]associatedwith

[D]droppedoff

28.Someofthemostimportantconceptsinphysicstheirsuccesstothese

mathematicalsystems.

[A]oblige

[B]owe

[C]contribute

[D]attribute

29.Asyourinstructoradvised,yououghttospendyourtimeonsomething

researchinginto.

[A]precious

[B]worth

[C]worthy

[D]valuable

30.Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimalsasubstanceto

absorbharmfulchemicals.

[A]relieve

[B]release

[C]dismiss

[D|discard

31.Withoutthefrictionbetweentheirfieetandtheground,peoplewouldbeableto

walk.

[A]innotime

[B]byallmeans

[C]innoway

[D]onanyaccount

32.Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstoppingtogiveherlongandflowinghaira

smooth.

[A]occasionally

[B]simultaneously

[C]eventually

[D]promptly

33.OnereasonforthesuccessesofAsianimmigrantsintheU.S.isthattheyhavetakengreat

toeducatetheirchildren.

[A]efforts

[B]pains

[C]attempts

[D]endeavours

34.Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshouldhisownplanforimprovingthe

livingconditionsofthesepeople.

[A]puton

[B]putout

[C]putin

[D]putforward

35.Isupportyourdecision,butIshouldalsomakeitclearthatIamnotgoingtobeto

it.

[AJconnected

[B]fastened

[C]bound

[D]stuck

36.TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n)ofwordswhicharecomparativeseldomused

inordinaryconversation.

[A]altitude

[BJlatitude

[C]multitude

[D]attitude

37.Inmyopinion,youcanwidentheoftheseimprovementsthroughyouractive

participation.

[A]dimension

[B]volume

[C]magnitude

[D]scope

38.Yourimproperwordswillgivetodoubtsconcerningyourtrueintentions.

[A]rise

[B]reason

[C]suspicion

[D]impulse

39.Thenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreportmade.

[A]onthespot

|B]onthesite

|C]onthelocation

[D]ontheground

40.TheremarkableoflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwinto

establishhistheoryofevolution.

[A]classification

[B]variety

[C]density

[DJdiversion

SectionII:ClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinfollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[Bl,[C]and

[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthe

correspondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)

Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,

thechoiceofwordsis_41—theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesource

of—42—breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords_43—a

meetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay_44—

unfavorablereactionsinthelistener_45—interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,the

transmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.

_46_,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake_47_difficultforthelistenertounderstand

the—48—whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsin

hisworkingvocabularymaybe_49_toexplainordescribeina_50_thatcanbeunderstood

byhislisteners.

41.[A]of

[B]at

[C]for

[D]on

42.[A]inaccessible

[B]timely

[C]likely

[D]invalid

43.[A]encourages

[BJprevents

[C]destroys

[D]offers

44.[A]passout

[B]takeaway

[C]backup

[D]stirup

45.[A]who

[B]as

[C]which

[D]what

46.[A|Moreover

[B|However

[C]Preliminarily

[D]Unexpectedly

47.[A]that

[B]It

[C]so

[D]this

48.[A]speech

[B]sense

[C]message

[D]meaning

49.[A]obscure

[B]difficult

[C]impossible

[D]unable

50.[A]case

[B]means

[C]method

[D]way

Section111:ReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefour

answersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[DJ.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswerto

eachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthe

correspondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)

Text1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedby

spendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Private

businessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithother

businessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermines

howthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthe

demandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsand

thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbe

producedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemands

canbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismis

providedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemands

ofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativeto

thedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,

ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendto

increasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmore

consumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomic

system.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoown

productiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolover

naturalresources,andproducegocxlsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,

theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalso

certainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontract

withanotherprivateindividual.

51.InLine11,Paragraph1,'thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes^^means

[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat.

[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction

[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers

[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts

[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices

53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby.

[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned

|B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol

[C]ownershipofproductiveresources

[D]freecontractsandprices

54.Thepassageismainlyabout.

[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced

[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods

[C|howAmericaneconomicsystemworks

[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits

Text2

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygive

theirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,and

evenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthese

creditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyin

scatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe''cashless

society“isnotonthehorizon-it'salreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellers

too.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawide

rangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallows

businessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhow

fasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthe

sametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemost

efficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalso

identifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcanipaigns.Computersarereliedonby

manufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhich

productstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeep

trackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasand

electricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthrough

theuseofcomputers.

55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto.

[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes

[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo

[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper

[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto

56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat.

[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards

[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday

[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash

|D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore

57.Thephrase“ringupsales”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans

[A]makeanorderofgoods

[B]recordsalesonacashregister

[C]callthesalesmanager

[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock

58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

[AJApproachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.

[B]Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.

[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.

[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.

Text3

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthese

childrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothose

differences.

Althoughwefbcusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheir

environmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareof

theimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthe

societyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.And

itisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding-the

knowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,the

weaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterest

inexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrong

feelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunityto

fullydeveloptheircapabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal."We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningfor

educationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfoundersto

denoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.That

conceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren-therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpin

learningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourt

decisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot-toanappropriateeducation,

andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.In

response,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoare

exceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

59.InParagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat

[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesociety

[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenare

[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety

[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalchildren

60.Thereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthat

[A]theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety

[B]theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety

[C]theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentials

[D]disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration

61.Thispassagemainlydealswith.

[A]thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities

[B]thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernsociety

[C]thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren

[D]thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren

62.Fromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptionalchildren.

[A]isnowenjoyinglegalsupport

[B]disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry

[C]wasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfounders

[D]willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions

Text4

“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe'llknowinvastdetailhowcancercells

arise,“saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer.“But,"hecautions,“some

peoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.Consider

Pasteur,hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbefore

cureswereavailable.^^

Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.

Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsome

skincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatisticsare

stilldiscouraging-13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas.

Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.The

researchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,which

arecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationto

dietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredriven

intoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.

Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancersare

initiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers."Changesarea

normalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess,saysoncologistWilliamHayward.Environmental

factorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,“Wecan'tprepareamedicine

againstcosmicrays.”

Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.

“First,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.Second,wehavetodetermine

whethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpart

ofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction.”

63.TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto.

[A]predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinadecade

[BJindicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerarebright

[C]provethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtyyears

[D]warnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeconquered

64.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2000,.

[A]therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskin-cancerpatients

[B]90percentoftheskin-cancerpatientstodaywillstillbeliving

[C|thesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvariouscancers

[D]therewon'tbeadrasticincreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerpatients

65.Oncogenesarecancer-causinggenes.

[A]thatarealwaysinoperationinahealthyperson

[B]whichremainunharmfulsolongastheyarenotactivated

[C]thatcanbedrivenoutofnormalcells

[D]whichnormalcellscan'tturnoff

66.Theword“dormant"inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans.

[A]dead

[B]ever-present

[C]inactive

[D]potential

Text5

Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds^^tocomeinblinding

flashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhave

it,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.He

experimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.

Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislike

soccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequently

thantheyscore.

Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal—andso

itgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationand

othersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,and

theyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeas

fancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.

uCreativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtueindoing

thingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,^^wroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.This

accountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcases

onwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:"Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore?”

Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnot

acceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaverage

personwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovator

willsearchforalternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemore

interestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.

Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.

67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind^^inthefirstparagraph?

[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.

[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.

[C]Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.

[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.

68.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?

[A]Thevarietyofideastheyhave.

[B]Theintelligencetheypossess.

[C]Thewaytheydealwithproblems.

|D]Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.

69.TheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3because.

[A]RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumancreativity

[B]thequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewwaysofdoing

things

[C]thereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch'spointofview

[D]thequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslypresented

70.Thephrase“marchtoadifferentdrummer"(thelastlineofthepassage)suggeststhathighly

creativeindividualsare.

[A]diligentinpursuingtheirgoals

[B]reluctanttofollowcommonwaysofdoingthings

[C]devotedtotheprogressofscience

[D]concernedabouttheadvanceofsociety

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation

Directions:

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.Your

translationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,technologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthe

horizonsofscientificknowledge.(71)Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughthe

insightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesand

tools.(72)“Inshort,“aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,"thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,

waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthe

reachofscienceininnumerabledirections,^^(73)Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselves

asasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersof

science.ThemodemschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,

Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreat

benefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusablein

scientificexperiments.

Thecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewasananalysisof

Galileo'sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.Thewisdomofthedaywasderivedfrom

Ptolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftheskyputEarthatthe

centerofallheavenlymotions.(74)Galileo'sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirst

persontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolve

aroundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenew

schoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformaking

eyeglasses.

Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvs.geniusdispute.(75)Whetherthe

Governmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorvice

versaof