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2017年度全國職稱外語等級考試一試卷英語(理工類c級)第1部分詞匯選項(第1~15題每題1分共15分)下邊每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線請為每處劃線部分確立1個意義最為靠近的選項。1.atmidnight,wewerearousedbyaknockatthedoor.2.shewasawardedaprizeforthefilm.3.smokingwillbebannedinallpublicplaceshere.4.thatguyisintelligengbutabitdull.5.sheisahighlysuccessfulteacher.6.weshouldnotsacrificeenvironmentalprotectionstofostereconomicgrowth.7.thereisagrowinggapbetweentherichandthepoor.8.iamverygratefultoyouforyourassistance.9.youwillbemeetingherpresently.10.attitudestomentalillnesshaveshiftedinrecentyears.11.ihavebeentryingtoguitsmoking.12.reliefworkerswereshockedbywhattheysaw.13.theweatherisaconstantsubjectofconversationinbritain.14.thisisnottypicalofenglish,butisafeatureofthechineselanguage.15.itisvirtuallyimpossibletopersuadehimtoapplyforthejob.第2部分閱讀判斷(第16~22題第題1分共7分)下邊的短文后列出了7個句子請依據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷果該句供給的是正確信息請選擇a;假如該句供給的是錯誤信息請選擇cblackholesmostscientistsaGREethatblackholesexistbutarenearlyimpossibletolocate.ablackholeintheuniverseisnotasolidobject,likeaplanet,butitisshapedlikeasphere(球
如b;如體).astronomers(天文學(xué)家)thinkthatatthecenterofablackholethereisasinglepointinspacewithinfinite(無窮的)density(稠密).thissinglepointiscalledasingularity(奇點).ifthesingularitytheoryiscorrect,itmeansthatwhenamassivestarcollapses,allthematerialinitdisappearsintothesingularity.thecenterofablackholewouldnotreallybeaholeatall,butaninfinitelydensepoint.anythingthatcrossestheblackholeispulledinbyitsgreatgravity.althoughblackholesdoexist,theyaredifficulttoobserve.thesearethereasons.nolightoranythingelsecomesoutofblackholes.asaresult,theyareinvisibletoatelescope.inastronomicalterms,blackholesaretruly.forexample,ablackholeformedbythecollapseofagiantstarwouldhaveaneventhorizon(視界)only18milesacross.thenearestblackholeswouldbedozensoflightyearsawayfromearth.onelightyearisabout6trillion(萬億)miles.eventhemostpowerfultelescopescouldnotpickoutanobjectsosmallatsuchagreatdistance.in1994thehubblespacetelescopeprovidedevidencethatblackholesexist.therearestillanswerstobefound,however,soblackholesremainoneofthemysteriesoftheuniverse.16.blackholesarepartofspace.c.notmentioned17.blackholesexistbutaredifficulttoobserve.c.notmentioned18.thecenterofablackholeisempty.c.notmentioned19.theattractionoftwolargestarsleadstogravity.c.notmentioned20.theSUNistheheavieststarintheuniverse.c.notmentioned21.thenearestblackholesarehundredsoflightyearsawayfromus.c.notmentioned22.thehubblespacetelescopehelpsscientiststounderstandthenatureoftheuniverse.c.notmentioned第3部分歸納粗心與達成句子(第23~30題每題1分共8分)下邊的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2~5段每段選擇1個最正確標(biāo)題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確立1個最佳選項。unlockingthehumangenome(基因組)1aprojecttounlocksecrets-whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?thisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkonthehumangenomeproject.theaimoftheprojectistodecode(破譯)allofthesome100,000genesinthehumanbody.scientistsareusingdnafingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.2dnaisthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes(染色體)ofacell.achromosomeisachainofgenes.eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.atanyonemomentinacell,thousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì)).thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenome,orapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus(交感)genome.everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.3butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations(突變).geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromincludethingslikecolorblindness,ormildheadaches.otherproblemsareserious,suchasheartdisease,orcancer.4itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100,000genes,theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealonger,healthierlife.23.paragraph1________.24.paragraph2________.25.paragraph3________.26.paragraph4________.a.howdoesdnawork?b.whatisthehumangenomeprojectabout?c.howarethednasamplescollected?d.whatarethegoalsofthehumangenomeproject?e.whatistheroleofeachgene?f.whataretheconsequencesofgeneticmutations?27.thehumangenomeprojectistryingtomapallthatmakeushuman.28.decodingthehumangenomeisachallengeto___.29.geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemayaffect___.30.scientistsaretryinghardtodiscover___ofeachofthegenesinourbody.a.thatperson’shealthb.ascientificanswerc.scientficresearchersd.thegenese.thefunctionf.thesize第4部分下邊有
閱讀理解(第31~45題3篇短文每篇短文后有
每題3分共45分)5道題。請依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容
為每題確立
1個最正確選項。第一篇motoringtechnology1.2millionroaddeathsworldwideoccureachyear,plusafurther50millioninjuries.toreducecarcrashrate,lingatspeedhasalwaysbeendangerous.oneadvancedareaofresearchinmotoringsafetyistheuseofdigitalin-carassistants.theycanensureyoudon’tmissimportantroadsignsorfallasleep.mostcrashesresultfromhumanandnotmechanicalfaults.somesafetydevelopmentsaimtoimproveyourvision.radarcanspotobstaclesinfog,whileothertechnology“seesthrough”bigvehiclesblockingyourview.andimprovementstoseatbelts,pedal(腳踏)controlsandtyresaremakingdrivingsmootherandsafer.thecolourofacarhasbeenfoundtobelinkedwithsafety,ashave,lesssurprisingly,sizeandshape.butwhateverisinthefueltank,youdon’twantathiefinthedrivingseatandtherehavebeenmanyinnovations(創(chuàng)新).satellitetrackingandremotecommunicationscanalsocomeintoplayifyoucrash,automaticallycallingforhelp.accidentscausemanytrafficjams,buttherearemoresubtleinterplaysbetweenvehiclesthatcancausejamsevenonaclearbutdriverscouldbeprogrammedtomaketrafficflowsmoothlyandwillperhapsonedaybeeveryons’spersonalchauffeur(司機),buttheirlatesteffortssuggestthatwon’tbesoon.31.toreducecarcrashrate,manyscientistsareworkinghardtoa.designfullyautomaticcars.b.developfasterelectricvehicles.c.analyzeroaddeathsoccurringworldwideeachyear.d.improvethesafetyofcarsanddevelopnewfuels.32.accordingtothesecondparagraph,mostroadaccidentshappenduetoa.heavytraffic.b.humanmistakes.c.enginefailure.d.badweather.33.whichofthefollowingsafetydevelopmentsisnotmentionedinthepassage?a.windscreensthatcanhelpdriverstoimprovetheirvision.b.radarsthatcanhelpdriverstoseeobstaclesinfog.c.devicesthatcanhelpdriverstoseethroughbigvehicles.d.improvementsinseatbelts,pedalcontrolsandtyres.34.satellitetrackingandremotecommunicationsystemscnabeusedtoa.reduceoilconsumption.b.removetheobstaclesontheroad.c.callforhelpwhenone’scarcrashes.d.helpdriversgetoutofatrafficjam.35.whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofroboticdrivers?a.itwilltakesometimebeforeroboticdriversareavailable.b.roboticdriversarenotallowedtodriveonbusyroads.c.roboticdriverscanneverreplacehumandrivers.d.roboticdriversaretooexpensivetouse.第二篇goodtablemannersmannersplayanimportantpartinmakingafavorableimpressionatthedinnertable.herearesomegeneralrules:napkin(餐巾)usethemealbeginswhenthehostunfoldshisorhernapkin.thisisyoursignaltodothesame,soplaceyournapkinonyourlap.unfolditcompletelyifitisasmallnapkin,orinhalf,lengthwise(縱向地),ifitisalargedinnernapkin.ifyouneedtoleavethetableduringthemeal,placeyournapkinonyourchairasasignaltoyourserverthatyouwillbereturning.oncethemealisover,placeyournapkinneatlyonthetabletotherightofyourdinnerplate.donotrefoldit.useanapkinonlyforyourmouth.neveruseitforyournose,faceorforehead.useofutensils(餐具)startwiththeknife,forkorspoonfurthestfromyourplate,andworkyourwayin,usingoneutensilforeachcourse.ifsoupisserved,remembertospoonawayfromyoursefl.thishelpsstopthedrips.donotputtheentiresoupspooninyourmouth.instead,fillasoupspoonabout75percentwithsoup,andsip(啜飲)itfromthesidenoiselessly.afterfinishingdinner,placetheknifeandforkparalleltooneanotheracrosstheplatewiththeknifealadefacinginwardtowardtheplate.usingyourfingershere’salistoffingerfoods:sandwiches,cookies,smallorberrieswithstems,frenchfriesandpotatochips,andhamburgers.chew(咀嚼)withyourmouthclosedanddon’tmakenoise;don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.breadmustbebrokenwithyourhands.itisnevercutwithaknife.don’tpicksomethingoutofyourteeth.instead,excuseyourselftothebathroom.ifpossible,trynottocoughatthetable.donotputyourelbows(肘)onthetable.infrance,itisessentialto
fruitshavebothhandsabovethetableatthesametime.donotputbonesoranythingelseonthetable.thingsthatarenoteatenshouldbeputonyourplate.36.whereisthenapkinnormallyplacedduringthemeal?a.onyourchair.b.onthetable.c.onyourlap.d.onyourplate.37.thenapkinisusedonlyfora.yourforehead.b.yourmouth.c.yournose.d.yourface.38.whichutensilisusedfirst?a.theknife.b.thefork.c.thespoon.d.theonefarthestfromtheplate.39.allofthefollowingarefingerfoodsexcepta.soup.b.sandwiches.c.cookies.d.hamburgers.40.whichofthefollowingshowsgoodtablemanners?a.talkingwithyourmouthfull.b.puttingbonesonyourplate.c.puttingyourelbowsonthetable.d.chewingwithyourmonthopen.第三篇renewableenergysourcestodaypetroleum(石油)providesaround40%oftheworld’senergyneeds,mostlyfuellingautomobiles.coalisstillused,mostlyinpowerstations,tocoverone-quarterofourenergyneeds,butitistheleastefficient,unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel(礦物燃料).naturalgasreservescouldfillsomeofthegapfromoil,butreservesofthatwillnotlastintothe22ndcenturyeither.mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years.less-pollutingrenewableenergysourcesofferamorepracticallong-termenergysolution.“renewable”referstothefactthattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.hydroelectric(水力發(fā)電的)powerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewableenergy,supplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.china’sthreegorgesdamisthelargestever.atfivetimesthesizeoftheusshooverdam,its26turbines(渦輪機)willgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpowerstations.itwillsatisfy3%ofchina’sentireelectricitydemand.in2003,thefirstcommercialpowerstationtousetidal(潮汐
’的)currentsintheopenseaopenedinnorway.itisdesignedlikewindmill(風(fēng)車),butotherstaketheformofturbines.aspricesfall,windpowerhasBEComethefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygeneration-quadrupling(翻兩番)worldwidebetween1999and2015.modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerateelectricity.thoughitwillbemoreexpensive,thereismorethanenoughwindtoprovidetheworld’sentireenergyneeds.windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshoreforms.theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeauty,andareoftenunpopularwithresidents.andturbinesarenottotallyharmless-theycaninterferewithradar,alterclimateandkillseabirds.scotlandisbuildingeurope’slargestwindfarm,whichwillpower200,000homes.theuk’sgoalistogenerateone-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesources,mainlywind,by2020.butthismaycauseproblems,becausewindisunreliable.41.accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostpollutingenergyresource?a.petroleum.b.coal.c.naturalgasd.water.42.china’sthreegorgesdama.isthefirsthydroelectricdamintheworld.b.isofthesamesizeastheus’shooverdam.c.cangeneratearound3%ofworldelectricity.d.isthelargesthydroelectricdamintheworld.43.whichcountrytooktheleadinmakinguseoftidalcurrentstoproducepowerin2003?a.theuk.b.china.c.norway.d.theus.44.oneoftheproblemswithwindfarmsisthata.thereisnotenoughwind.b.windisnotreliable.c.theycanonlybebuiltonthesea.d.theymightinfluencetheworldeconomy.45.accordingtothepassage,resourceslikewindarea.renewable.b.recyclable.c.damaging.d.scarce.第5部分補全短文(第46~50題每題2分共10分)下邊的短文有5處空白短文后有6個句子此中5個取自短文請依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有地點以恢復(fù)文章原貌。farmers’marketscharlottehollinsknowsshefacesabattle.the23-year-oldbritishfarmerandher21-year-oldbrotherbenarefightingtosavethefarmfromdevelopersthattheirfatherworkedonsincehewas14.(46)“youdon’canbeisolating,”shesaid.“thereisahighrateofsuicideandfarmingwillnevermakeyourich!”oliverrobinson,25,grewuponafarminyorkshire.(47)“i’msuredadhopedi’dstay,”hesaid.“iguessit’sanice,straightforwardlife,butitdoesn’tappeal.foryoung,ambitiouspeople,farmlifewouldbeahardworld.”forrobinson,farmingdoesn’toffermuch“intermsofmoneyorlifestyle.”hollinsagreesthateconomicsstopspeoplefrompursuingfarmingrewards:“providingforavitalhumanneed,whileworkingoutdoorswithnature.”farmingisabigpoliticalissueintheuk.(48)the2001footandmouthcrisisclosedthousandsoffarms,stoppedmeatexports,andraisedpublicconsciousnessoftroublesinukfarming.jamieoliver’s2015campaigntogetchildrentoeathealthilyalsohighlightedtheissue.thisnationalconcernspells(帶來)hopeforfarmerscompetingwithpowerfulsupermarkets.(49)“istartedgoingtofarmers’marketsindirectdefiance(歧視)ofthebigsupermarkets.(50)it’sterrible,”saidlondonermichaelsamson.a.butheneverconsideredstayingonhisfatherandgrandfather’sland.b.whilemostpeoplebuyfoodfromthebigsupermarkets,hundredsofindependentfarmers’marketsarebecomingpopular.c.whileconfidenttheywillsucceed,shelistsfarming’smanychallenges:d.youngpeopleprefertoliveincities.e.iseriouslyobjectedtothesuper-sizingofeverything-whatexactlydotheyputonourapplestomakethemsobigandred?f.“buybritish”campaignsurge(鼓舞)con
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