實(shí)用之高中同位語從句精講和練習(xí)題

實(shí)用文之"位語從講解"是名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從)中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語表示與之同位的名(短語)的實(shí)際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名(短語)加以補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表語從句們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系主表關(guān)系。詳細(xì)信一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個(gè)名詞或其它形式就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。1.名詞作同語MrWang,mychild’steacher,willbevisitinguson王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。短語作同語I,girlinfamily,alwayshadtocareforother我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3.直接引語同位語Butnowthequestioncomestheirminds,“Diddieungbecausewasaclone?但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿幔?.句子作同語Thegirlsweresurprisedatfactthatshipscansailuplakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。同位語句用法比較"固定"

同位語部分是個(gè)句子就是同位語從句這種用法一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。Ithenewsthatourhad．我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。二、以跟同位語句的名通常有news，，，，doubt，，hope，message，suggestion，（消息），等。1

I’vecomefrom.Wwithmessagethathewonbeabletoyouthis．我從王先生那里來讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。三、英中引導(dǎo)同位從句的通有連詞that，連接副詞how,where等。注：不能引同位語句。）whetherheagreestoitornot.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題。四、有同位語從句以不緊在說明的名后面，被別的詞隔開。Thehimthattheenemyfledthecity他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。同位語句-引導(dǎo)同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連that，，連接代詞和連接副詞等。1.連詞導(dǎo)同位從句（注：導(dǎo)同位語從的能省略Thethatyoudowellwithoutthinkingwrong.認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。（作idea的同位語）【注意】在某些名詞(如suggestion,resolution)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣wasathatBrownshouldbedroppedfromthe有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)?！咀⒁狻恳龑?dǎo)同位語從句的連that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。gaveboardingtheplane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。2.連詞導(dǎo)同位語從（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句Thewhetherweinaspecialistansweredbythefamilydoctor.我們是否請(qǐng)專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定?！咀⒁饪梢龑?dǎo)同位語從句但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。其它引詞引導(dǎo)的同語從句連接代詞who,whom,which引導(dǎo)同位語從句1).Ihavewhatsizeshe我不知道她穿幾號(hào)的鞋。（what作定語）2).Ihavewhichisbest’samatterpersonaltaste.我不知道哪種酒最好，這是個(gè)人口味的問題。定語）2

willtakestillnot（主語）4.連接副詞導(dǎo)同位語從

連接副詞whyWehavenyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendvacation.到哪兒去度暑假，個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。同位語句-相關(guān)法一、同語從句在句的位置一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名(如，idea，fact，，hope等)的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewonbeabletoseeyou我從王先生那邊得知一個(gè)消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。Thethatsheleftdoorsheleft她突然想起可能在她離開家時(shí)沒把門關(guān)上。二、同語從句前名的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word外)加修飾。WheredidyouthethatInotcome？你在哪兒聽說我不能來？三、位語句的語在等意為建議；命令；要求的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用“should動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的可以省略。Ourgaveusadvicehowthe老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。四、同語從句的先詞同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有situationbelief,doubt,fear,ability等等。HowthecheatsfactthattheEmperordidn'tfeeltheclothesin皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣，對(duì)這個(gè)問題騙子是怎樣解釋的?代詞it可用作同位語從句的先行詞個(gè)it常放在某些動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞后作賓語，同時(shí)兼作其that同位語從句的先行詞。3

IoweittoyouthatIstill幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語法學(xué)家把先行it后的從句看作是動(dòng)詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認(rèn)為，這種it后的從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于主語+表語結(jié)構(gòu)。Youmusttoitthechildrencold.(=YoumustseetoandItthatchildrencold.)你要當(dāng)心讓孩子們著涼了。同位語句-語法別與定語從句的的語法區(qū)別：．意義的不同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍?hào)；而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：Wearegladatthathewill聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。的內(nèi)容就是hewill，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)Wearegladatthathetoldus.聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興(that從句是限制thenews內(nèi)容的即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news不是其他的newsthat從句為定語從句)2.引導(dǎo)詞的同what,how,if,等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。3.引導(dǎo)詞的能上的不同that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)它不充當(dāng)句子成分引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例thathetold中的that充當(dāng)told的賓語。4.被修飾詞的區(qū)別同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限有news,promise,suggestion,truth等定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外when和引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)卻不一定如why引導(dǎo)定語從句它通常只修飾名詞而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)則不一定：Ihavewill.我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來。同位語從句)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenlivedthere..我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。定語從句）同位語句-特殊式4

間隔同位從句同位語從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后，但有些情況下，由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原因，同位語從句不緊跟在名詞后，而被其他的詞隔開。AmethatImightusepocketmoneytobuyformother's簡(jiǎn)析：由于從太長(zhǎng)，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語從句和order等詞后的位語從句用擬語氣。thatsentfor她請(qǐng)求立即請(qǐng)醫(yī)生來。簡(jiǎn)析proposalrequirement，advice，proposition和recommendation等名詞后接位語從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞原形的形式，其should詞可省略。短語及固句式后的同語從句IwillcomeJohnisinvited.如果約翰也被邀請(qǐng)的話，我就來。簡(jiǎn)析：短語Ononsupposition,ontheground(s),withtheinoftheon及句式be+nochance,possibility,后的that從句為同位語從句。練習(xí)一．單1.Hiswasbecause________workingthatB.factC.thefactthatD.thefromNewYorkCity""IknowfromwhatcityshefromB.fromwhatcitysheC.citydoesshecomefrom5

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forB.becauseC.D.that17.I________he'llthatBifwhatD.whether18."Whyyouthe""Well,Iforget_______Iwastogoto."whichB.whatwastheroomD.it19.Outputissixtimes________itwasbeforethatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich20.Mary:Helenawoman,yetshe'snowbuyingaCarol:Yes.alwayswhatlittlesheB.C.forlittleD.she21._______surprisedmemostwas________suchaboyofplaytheB.C.D.What...which22.Wegave________helpwewhichB.C.thatD.this23.pleasedwithyouhimyouhavehim.thatB.whichC.allwhatallthat24.Excusemeyoutellme________thesportsmeetistakenB.whenisthemeetgoingtobeheldC.whenisthemeetD.whenmeetisto25.youtoknow________whatshoesB.bighewearsC.ofhisD.whatnumberhis26.bookwillyou________beinhowhaveobservedB.whatyouobservedC.thathaveobservedD.howthathaveobserved27.dothink________hasgoneB.hasbeenC.he'sgoneD.he28.youknow________howthereareinB.muchpopulationinworldC.howmanytheworldD.whatofis29.yougo________outside7

whattowhatTomhasC.happeningwhatthebeen30.Thesubjectof"WhatisisIdonotevenknowhim."whatinterestingisD.IIthinkheCharles.doheB.DoyouheisC.youheisD.Doyouthinkhe32.Hedidn'tknow________.B.theylivedinC.liveD.livein33.Theboy________hisgavehim.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nowhat34.Thecityisnolonger________.whatitisB.thatittoC.whichitD.itusedto35.parents________getnewforme.whichB.C.whatD.allweswimmingday________alotgood.If...doC.D.That...doesidea_______wifeofWhat...thatB.C.D.Why...how38._______didhetellwife________toB.C.Where...whichD.Which...whereofmentheview________thebookwasright.whatthatB.C.thatwhichD.whichthat40.Inoidea________ornothefinishedtheifB.thatwhetherD.which41."Doyouknow________"fatherisawhathisfatherwhohisfatherC.hisfatherD.father42.Is________metB.inwhichwhereD.which43.It________BobdrivesthatB.whatC.thatD.that44.Weallknowthetruth________thereareair,watersunlightarelivingthings.whereB.whereverthatthatwherever45.Theydiscussed________theycouldsettleproblemwithoutothers'ifB.thatwhatD.whether8

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