用文體推斷法解答主旨題

用文體推斷法解答主旨題用文體推斷法解答主旨題高考閱讀理解中的主旨大意題mainlyabout文章選標(biāo)題title斷作者的寫作目（intend等型要是考查學(xué)生在閱讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上歸納總結(jié)文章大意的能力答類題的鍵是找準(zhǔn)主題句題句在哪里？可根據(jù)不同文體來找主題句。一、議論文或說明文議論文或說明文的主題句一般在文首，但有的在文尾，也有的首尾呼應(yīng)。例1]（年全國Ⅰ卷D篇）說文Themeaningofsilencevariesculturalgroups.Silencesmaythoughtful，ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceaconversationmayalsoshow，orworry.Silencebeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable；attemptsmaybemadetofillevery（隙）withconversation.Personsotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitnecessaryforunderstandinga’sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople，justtraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.，whenafromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenly，whatmaybe（示）thatthepersonwantsthelistenerconsiderwhatsaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures，silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways，particularlydealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample，Russian，F(xiàn)rench，Spanishpersonsusesilencetoshowbetweenpartiesaboutthediscussion.However，Mexicanssilencewheninstructionsgivenbypersonauthorityratherthanberudetothatbyarguingwithhimher.another，Asianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignof，particularlytoanelderorainauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheyacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsbeexpericencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesosilenceisinterruptedearlyallowedtoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthe（愈）ofsilenceusethisunderstandingassistincareofpatientstheirownandfromothercultures.35.maythetitleforthe？A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentSilenceNativeIs；SilenceIs解析：本文為說明文，由文章的首句Themeaningsilencevariesculturalgroups以及第二段和第三段的首句可知文章主要介紹了在不同文化背景下談話期間沉默的不同含義。故選B項二、新聞報道新聞報道的主題句就是導(dǎo)語即章的首句或首段正文采取倒金字塔形式最重要事實，次要事實，最次要事實。例2]（年全國卷篇）14

用文體推斷法解答主旨題Afteryearsofheated，graywerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.last，theYellowstonewolfpopulationthanwolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnited，buttheyweregraduallydisplaceddevelopment.Bythe1920shadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.farthernorthintothedeepforestsof，wheretherehumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthehadmanyunexpectedelkpopulations—majorfoodsources（來源）forthe—rapidly.animalslargeofvegetation（被whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheof，coyotepopulationsalsoquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofpark’sred，andcompletelydroveawaythe’beavers.Asearlyas1966，biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwouldbetocontrolthecoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedwouldtheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearlyyearscomingupwithplantoreintroducewolves.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.，thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegrayfittinginatYellowstone.，deerandcoyotepopulationsaredown，beaversredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducetootherthecountrywell.28.istextmainly？A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversitytheYellowstonearea.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.ThereintroductionoftoYellowstonePark.解析是道類文章句是導(dǎo)語段句AfteryearsofgraywerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNational可答案是D項三、科研報告或調(diào)查報告反映科學(xué)實驗或調(diào)研結(jié)果的報道或科普類說明文內(nèi)主要包科研實驗結(jié)果或調(diào)查結(jié)果實研究過程或調(diào)查的具體情況”兩大部分，文章主旨就是科研或調(diào)查結(jié)果，因此主題句通常在首段，且常伴有accordingtoa，study，issuggestedbytheresultsofnewresearch，scientistsrecently，astudyclaimed等。例3]2016年國丙卷篇）Badnewssells.itbleeds，leads.Nonewsisgoodnews，goodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationbeingspreadandmonitored（監(jiān)控）indifferent，researchersarediscoveringnewrules.trackinge-mailsandonline，scientistsfoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.“‘itbleeds’formasssaysJonah，ascholartheUniversityofPennsylvania.“youreyeballsdon’’feeling.youshareastoryyourfriends，youcarealotreact.Youdon’twantthemthinkasaDebbieDowner.”24

用文體推斷法解答主旨題Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouth—，posts，face-to-face—foundthatittendedbepositivenegative（極的butthatdidnnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.positivenewssharedoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedthingsbadthings？testforthat，Dr.lookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularofnews：thousandsofarticlesonNewYorkHeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“most-mailed”formonths.ofhisfirstfindingsthatarticlesinthesciencesectionmuchmorelikelytothethannon-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimesreadersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingor，orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety，notarticlesthatleftsad.neededtobearoused（發(fā)）onewayortheother，andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Thepositivean，themorelikelyitwastobe，asDr.Bergerexplainsinnew，“：WhyThingsCatch”35.asuitabletitleforthe？A.SadStoriesTravelB.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeopleReadingHabitsChangetheTimesGoodNewsBeatsonSocial解析第段But后別foundthatnewscanspreadfasterandfartherdisasterssobstories可知，通過追蹤人們的郵件和網(wǎng)上的帖子，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)好消息比災(zāi)難性的，令人傷心的消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播得更快，影響更深遠(yuǎn)。故選D項四、記敘文純記敘文通常沒有主題句需要讀者自己領(lǐng)悟中歸納提煉但有的在文尾作者會發(fā)表感慨感悟或就此發(fā)表議論主旨也就在此還有的先發(fā)表某種議論或感慨再講一個故事或經(jīng)歷，主旨就在文首。例4]2017年國卷B篇）ImetPaulin，whenGeorgeRoythedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundance，introducedinCity.Whenthestudiowantmeforthefilm—wantedsomebodyaswell-knownasPaul—stoodforme.Idon’howmanypeopledone；theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewouttheexperienceofthatfilmStingyearslateritsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference，webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveWewererespectfulof（藝）focusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.ofushadqualitiesandvirtuesthattypicalofAmerican：humorousaggressive，andfunofeach—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’fortunateenoughtosuccess，youshouldputsomething—hisNewman’OwnfoodandhisinWallcampsforareseriously，andwithSundanceandi