高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)通用版精準(zhǔn)提分二輪復(fù)習(xí)：第3節(jié)【含解析】

第3節(jié)旅行與交通(一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWhydoesmostoftheworldtravelontherightsidetoday?Theoriesdiffer，butthere’sno，noblemendrovetheircarriagesontheleft，forcingthepeasantstotheright.Regardlessoftheorigin，Napoleonbroughtright-handtraffictothenationsheconquered，includingRussia，SwitzerlandandGermany.Hitler，inturn，orderedright-handtrafficinCzechoslovakiaandAustriainthe1930s.Nationsthatescapedright-handcontrol，likeGreatBritain，followedtheirleft-handtradition.TheU．S.hasnotalwaysbeenanationofright-handdrivers；earlierinitshistory，carriageandhorsetraffictravelledontheleft，asitdidinEngland.Butbythelate1700s，peopledrivinglargewagonspulledbyseveralpairsofhorsesbeganpromotingashift(改變)totheright.Adriverwouldsitontherear(后邊的)lefthorseinordertowavehiswhip(鞭子)withhisrighthand；toseeoppositetrafficclearly，theytravelledontheright.OneofthefinalmovestofirmlystandardizetrafficdirectionsintheU．S.occurredinthe20thcentury，whenHenryForddecidedtomass-producehiscarswithcontrolsontheleft(onereason，statedin1908:theconvenienceforpassengersexitingdirectlyontotheedge，especially...ifthereisaladytobeconsidered)．Oncetheseruleswereset，manycountrieseventuallyadjustedtotheright-handstandard，includingCanadainthe1920s，Swedenin1967andBurmain1970.TheU．K.andformercoloniessuchasAustraliaandIndiaareamongtheWesternworld’sfewremainingholdouts(堅(jiān)持不變者)．SeveralAsiannations，includingJapan，usetheleftwell—thoughmanyplacesusebothright-hand-driveandleft-hand-drivecars.

as語(yǔ)篇解讀

文章主要解說(shuō)了為何世界上有的國(guó)家靠右行駛，有的國(guó)家靠左行駛。1．WhydidpeopleinSwitzerlandtravelontheright?A．Theyhadusedtheright-handtrafficsincethe18thcentury.B．Napoleonintroducedtheright-handtraffictothiscountry.C．Richpeopleenjoyeddrivingtheircarriagesontheright.D．Hitlerorderedthemtogoagainsttheirleft-handtradition.答案

B分析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的

“Regardlessoftheorigin，Napoleonbroughtright-handtraffictothenationsheconquered，includingRussia，SwitzerlandandGermany.”可知，在瑞士人們靠右行駛是由于拿破侖把靠右行駛帶到了這個(gè)國(guó)家。應(yīng)選

B。2．HenryFordproducedcarswithcontrolsontheleft

.A．sothatpassengerscouldgetoffconvenientlyB．inordertochangetrafficdirectionsintheU．S.C．becauserulesatthattimeweren’tperfectD．thoughmanycountrieswerestronglyagainstthat答案

A分析

推理判斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“onereason，statedin1908:theconvenienceforpassengersexitingdirectlyontotheedge”可知，福特生產(chǎn)的汽車(chē)操控裝置在左側(cè)是為了方便乘客下車(chē)。應(yīng)選A。3．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．BeforetheFrenchRevolution，alltheFrenchpeopleusedtheright.B．TheBurmesebegantotravelontherightin1970.C．PeopleinBritainandtheU．S.travelonthesamesidenowadays.D．AlltheAsiannationsusetheleftatpresent.答案

B分析

推理判斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的

“Oncetheseruleswereset，manycountrieseventuallyadjustedtotheright-handstandard，includingCanadainthe1920s，Swedenin1967andBurmain1970.”可知，緬甸在1970年開(kāi)始靠右側(cè)行駛。應(yīng)選B。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．WhoMadetheGreatestContributionstotheShiftofTrafficDirections?B．HowCarsHaveBecomeaPopularMeansofTransportationC．HowHenryFordProducedHisCarswithControlsontheLeftD．WhyDon’tPeopleAllDriveontheSameSideoftheRoad?答案D分析標(biāo)題概括題。文章主要解說(shuō)了為何世界上有的國(guó)家靠右行駛，有的國(guó)家靠左行駛，而不是靠同一側(cè)行駛。應(yīng)選D。B(2018·東深圳一模廣)Mymotivationforstartingourfamilytraditionofreadinginthecarwaspurelyselfish:IcouldnotbearlisteningtoASesameStreetChristmasforanother10hours.Mythreechildrenhadbeenaddictedtothiscassetteonourprevioussummer’sroadtrip.AsIbegantoprepareforournext500-milecartrip，Icameacrossabook—JimTrelease’sTheReadAloudHandbook.Thiscouldbetheanswertomyproblem，Ithought.SoIputRoalddahl’sJamesandtheGiantPeachintomybag.WhenIbegantoreadaloudthetaleoftheboywhoescapesthebadguysbyhidinginsideagiantpeach，mythreekidsarguedandwrestledintheirseats.Butafterseverallines，theywereattractedintotherhythmofthewordsandbegantolisten.Wesoonlearnedthatthesimplepleasureoflisteningtoawell-writtenbookmakesthelong’sSummeroftheMonkeysaswespenttwodaysdrivingtothebeach.Wearrivedjustbehindthepowercrewsrestoring(恢復(fù))electricityafteratropicalstorm.Theraincontinuedmostoftheweek，andthebeachwascoveredwithoilwashedupbythestorm.Whenwereturnedhome，Iaskedmysonwhathelikedaboutthetrip.Heansweredwithouthesitation，“Thebookyoureadinthecar.”Roadtripsstillofferchallenges，’mbeginningtoseethatreadingaloudhasdonemorethanhelppassthetime.Foratleastalittlewhile，wearenotshutinourownelectronicworlds.Andmaybewe’vestartedsomethingthatwillpassontothenextgeneration.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文敘述了作者本來(lái)開(kāi)啟家庭傳統(tǒng)——“在車(chē)?yán)镩喿x”的動(dòng)機(jī)完整部是自私的，沒(méi)想到它居然使乏味的旅途變得風(fēng)趣而令人享受。5．Whydidtheauthorstartreadinginthecar?A．Shewantedtohaveabetterjourney.B．Shewantedtokeepafamilytradition.C．Herchildrenwereaddictedtoreading.D．Herchildrenweretiredofthecassette.答案A分析推理判斷題。由第一段第一句可知，作者忍耐不了在旅途10小時(shí)中向來(lái)聽(tīng)《芝麻街圣誕》，所認(rèn)為了使旅途更快樂(lè)，作者開(kāi)啟了閱讀的傳統(tǒng)。應(yīng)選A。6．Howdidthechildrenreactaftertheauthorreadafewlines?A．Theykeptfighting.B．Theyhidthemselves.C．Theysoonsettleddown.D．Theyreadtogetheraloud.答案C分析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，作者在車(chē)?yán)锝o孩子們念書(shū)，沒(méi)讀幾行孩子們就寂靜了。應(yīng)選C。7．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorandherfamily’striptothebeach?A．Theywerecaughtinastorm.B．Theyenjoyedreadingontheroad.C．Theyhadagoodtimeonthebeach.D．Theythoughtithadpassedtooquickly.答案B分析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，作者一家在去海邊的旅途中很享受在車(chē)?yán)镒x書(shū)。應(yīng)選B。8．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．BetterTravelingthanReadingB．BooksthatChangedMyChildrenC．RoadTripsFullofChallengesD．ReadingMakesGreatRoadTrips答案D分析標(biāo)題概括題。本文敘述了作者本來(lái)開(kāi)啟家庭傳統(tǒng)——“在車(chē)?yán)镩喿x”的動(dòng)機(jī)完整部是自私的，沒(méi)想到它居然使乏味的旅途變得風(fēng)趣而令人享受。所以最正確標(biāo)題是“閱讀使旅途變得美好”。應(yīng)選D。Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·東淄博一模山

)ThispastsummerIwentonajourneytoCanada’sArcticwithStudentsOnIce.WhenIleftCalgaryI9whatIwouldfind，whatIwouldlearnandwhoIwouldmeet.OnthetriptoOttawaIwaswrapped10ablanketofuncertaintyand11.ButwhenIfirstmetthegroupofstudentsscientistsandleadersIknewthatIdidnthave12toworryabout.ThegroupwasamazinglyreceptiveandIwassoonpartofabigfamily13onanamazingadventure—anadventureofalifetime!Whenwereachedthe14Iwassurprisedbyitsgreatsizeandbeautyandmysenseswererepeatedly15andamazed.IstoodontheKapitanKhlebnikovand16twelvePolarbears.Theywalkedin17ofsealholes，and18waitedforameal.Ilearnedthatpolarbearsare19onlyoneoutofeverytwentyhuntingattempts.Isawavastlandthatappeareduntouchedandoriginal.20，IlearnedthattheArcticanditspeoplearebeingthreatenedbypollutionandglobalwarming.Ilearnedthatpollutantsare21byoceanandairandhaveabad22onallArcticpeople.IlearnedthatglobalwarminghasputPolarbearsat23becauseawarmerclimatemeansthattheyhavea24timetohuntsealsontheice.Thetripwasa25forthesenses.Ihavelearnedmoreaboutourenvironment，andparticularlyhowaliveandinterestingtheArcticisand26itissoimportanttotakecareofit.Ilearnedpollution，ignoranceofindividualandglobalproblemsneedtobe27.TheArcticdeservestobepreserved.MytripwithStudentsOnIcehasmadememoredeterminedtotrytoensurethatIdonotleave28footprintsoneitherEarthoritspeople.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文主要講了作者去北極地域旅行的經(jīng)歷，及其所見(jiàn)、所聞、所感。9．A.rememberedB．feltC．doubtedD．wondered答案D分析remember記得；feel感覺(jué)；doubt思疑；wonder想知道。當(dāng)我走開(kāi)卡爾加里的時(shí)候，我想知道我將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么，我將會(huì)學(xué)到什么，以及我將會(huì)遇到誰(shuí)。依據(jù)句意可知選D。10．A.inB．withC．upD．on答案A分析bewrappedin完整沉醉于。在去渥太華的途中，我完整被不確立和喜悅籠蓋?？芍鸢笧锳。11．A.worryB．excitementC．sorrowD．sympathy答案B分析句建議上題分析。worry擔(dān)憂；excitement喜悅；sorrow沉痛；sympathy憐憫?？芍鸢笧锽。12．A.nothingB．everythingC．a(chǎn)nythingD．something答案C分析nothing無(wú)事；everything每件事情；anything任何事情；something某事。但當(dāng)我第一次見(jiàn)到一群學(xué)生、科學(xué)家和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們時(shí)，我知道我沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)憂的。應(yīng)選C。13．A.settingoutB．lookingdownC．gettingalongD．breakingaway答案A分析setout出發(fā)；lookdown往下看；getalong進(jìn)展；breakaway離開(kāi)。開(kāi)始了一場(chǎng)巧妙的冒險(xiǎn)。依據(jù)句意可知答案為A。14．A.CalgaryB．ArcticC．OttawaD．Kapitan答案B分析當(dāng)我們抵達(dá)北極的時(shí)候，我吃驚于它的壯觀和漂亮，我的感官被頻頻地震撼和吃驚。依據(jù)句意可知選B。15．A.frozenB．a(chǎn)wokenC．shockedD．destroyed答案C分析句建議上題分析。freeze(使)結(jié)冰；awake喚醒；shock使震撼；destroy毀掉。依據(jù)句意可知選C。16．A.countedB．seizedC．shotD．saw答案D分析count數(shù)數(shù)；seize抓??；shoot射擊；see看見(jiàn)。我看到了十二只北極熊。應(yīng)選D。17．A.searchB．sightC．directionD．fear答案A分析search找尋；sight視力；direction方向；fear懼怕。它們走著找尋海豹的洞，耐心地等候著一頓飯。insearchof找尋，找尋，故答案為A。18．A.happilyB．firmlyC．constantlyD．patiently答案D分析句建議上題分析。happily快樂(lè)地；firmly堅(jiān)定地；constantly不停地；patiently耐心地。依據(jù)句意可知答案為D。19．A.cleverB．successfulC．a(chǎn)liveD．crazy答案B分析clever聰慧的；successful成功的；alive活著的；crazy瘋狂的。我認(rèn)識(shí)到，北極熊每二十次試試中只有一次成功。應(yīng)選B。20．A.ThereforeB．BesidesC．HoweverD．Anyhow答案C分析therefore所以；besides此外；however但是；anyhow不論怎樣。但是，我認(rèn)識(shí)到北極和那邊的居民正遇到污染和全世界變暖的威迫。聯(lián)系上下文此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。應(yīng)選C。21．A.blownB．flowedC．carriedD．produced答案C分析blow風(fēng)吹；flow流動(dòng)；carry搬運(yùn)；produce生產(chǎn)。我得悉由大海和空氣攜帶的污染物對(duì)全部北極的人都有不好的影響。依據(jù)句意可知選C。22．A.effectB．resultC．habitD．service答案A分析effect影響；result結(jié)果；habit習(xí)慣；service服務(wù)。haveaneffectonsth.對(duì)有影響，故答案為A。23．A.warB．peaceC．workD．risk答案D分析war戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；peace和平；work工作；risk冒險(xiǎn)。我認(rèn)識(shí)到，全世界變暖讓北極熊遇到威迫，由于天氣變暖意味著它們?cè)诒嫔喜东C海豹的時(shí)間更短。

atrisk處于險(xiǎn)境，遇到威迫。應(yīng)選D。24．A.fewer

B．shorterC．better

D．harder答案B分析句建議上題分析。fewer較少的；shorter更短的；better更好的；harder更難的。依據(jù)句意可知選B。25．A.challengeB．feastC．testD．comfort答案B分析challenge挑戰(zhàn)；feast宴會(huì)；test測(cè)試；comfort寬慰。此次旅行是感官的盛宴。應(yīng)選B。26．A.howB．whenC．whyD．where答案C分析我對(duì)我們的環(huán)境有了更多的認(rèn)識(shí)，特別是北極是多么的活力勃勃和風(fēng)趣，以及為何照料它是這樣的重要。此處是why指引的賓語(yǔ)從句。應(yīng)選C。27．A.solvedB．shownC．mentionedD．understood答案A分析solve解決；show展現(xiàn)；mention提到；understand理解，理解。我認(rèn)識(shí)到污染、個(gè)人的無(wú)知和全世界性的變暖問(wèn)題需要被解決。應(yīng)選A。28．A.clearB．solidC．steadyD．harmful答案D分析clear清楚的；solid固體的；steady穩(wěn)固的；harmful有害的。努力保證我不會(huì)在地球上或其人民身上留下有害的蹤跡。依據(jù)句意可知選

D。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2018·南邵陽(yáng)二模湖

)AllChina’smajorcitieshavegoodtransport29(network)．Therearetourbuses，minibuses，taxis，aswellaspublicbuses.PublicbusesinChinesetownsarealways30(crowd)．Thefaredependsondistance，and31(be)payabletotheconductorsofbuses.Ataxiisoften32mostconvenientmeansoftravelinthecity.Theyareavailableatairports，railwaystationsandhotelsandeveninurbanareas.Thetotalfaredependsonthestartingmeterprice，33canrangefrom5to12yuan，andthedistance.Extrafees34(charge)forwaitingandlowspeeddrivingduringtrafficjams.Ifyoutakeataxiafter11pm，a20percentsurchargeappliesoverthebasicfare.Theminibusisacompromisebetweenthe35(relative)expensivetaxisandfullpublictransport.Theirchargeisalittlemorethanthatofthebus，about2yuanormore36(depend)ondistance，butitisveryconvenient，becauseitcanstop37anypointyouwantalongtheroute.Tourbuses，normally38(equip)withairconditioningandTV，aremanagedbytravelagencies，hotelsandairportsandprovidedforshorttours.Atourguideisusuallypresentonsuchbuses.語(yǔ)篇解讀中國(guó)全部主要城市都有優(yōu)秀的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，有旅行巴士、迷你巴士、出租車(chē)，還有公共汽車(chē)。本文介紹了這幾種交通方式的有關(guān)狀況。29．答案networks分析句意為：中國(guó)全部主要城市都有優(yōu)秀的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)。network網(wǎng)絡(luò)，是可數(shù)名詞，此處用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為networks。30．答案crowded分析句意為：中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)的公共汽車(chē)?yán)鲜菗矶碌?。are為系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)，crowd的形容詞形式為crowded“擁堵的”，可知答案為crowded。31．答案is分析句意為：車(chē)資取決于距離，并支付給公共汽車(chē)售票員。此處為and連結(jié)的兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)thefare為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與depends保持一致，用一般此刻時(shí)，故填is。32．答案the分析句意為：在城市里，出租車(chē)往常是最方便的旅行方式。形容詞最高等前用定冠詞the。33．答案which分析此句中間是逗號(hào)，所以不行能是并列句；后半句沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，所以不行能是狀語(yǔ)從句更不行能是名詞性從句，它是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；這里先行詞是price，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故答案為which。34．答案arecharged分析句子主語(yǔ)Extrafees是復(fù)數(shù)形式，和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞charge之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，由上下文語(yǔ)境可知，文章主體時(shí)態(tài)是一般此刻時(shí)，所以用一般此刻時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故答案為arecharged。35．答案relatively分析此處expensive“昂貴的”，是形容詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞來(lái)修飾，故答案為relatively“相對(duì)地”。36．答案depending分析句意為：他們的收費(fèi)比公共汽車(chē)多一點(diǎn)，大概2元或更多，這取決于距離。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作陪伴狀語(yǔ)，故答案為depending。37．答案at分析句意為：由于它能夠在沿線你想要下車(chē)的任何地址停下來(lái)。atanypoint在任何地址，故答案為at。38．答案equipped分析句子有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句子主語(yǔ)Tourbuses和動(dòng)詞equip之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以這里是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，答案為equipped。[細(xì)節(jié)理解題]數(shù)字計(jì)算題(2018·國(guó)全Ⅲ，A)WelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar：FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36，M6.Approximatetraveltimes：Windermere—20minutes，Kendal—25minutes，Lancaster—45minutes，Manchester—1hour30minutes.ByRail：TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth，LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.OpeningTimesSunday－Friday(closedonSaturday)11∶00am－4∶00pm,30thMarch－2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults：￡12.00￡8.00Groups:￡9.00￡5.50SpecialEventsProducers’Market13thAprilJoinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexcellentrecipeideas.HolkerGardenFestival30thMayTheeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening，makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.NationalGardenDay28thAugustHolkeronceagainopensitsgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyoucantakeatourwithourgardenguide.WinterMarket8thNovemberThisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，題材是旅行廣告。文章介紹了旅行霍爾克莊園的旅客須知和四項(xiàng)特其他活動(dòng)。21．HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfrom