中考英語完型填空解題技巧

中考英語完形填空解題技巧【復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】完形填空題是對(duì)學(xué)生英語語言知識(shí)與語言運(yùn)用能力的一種測試。其考查的形式靈活，綜合性較強(qiáng)，要求考生能綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識(shí)在特定的語境中進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷，并能準(zhǔn)確地從四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案，使補(bǔ)足后的短文結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意義通暢。一．完形填空題的特點(diǎn)完形填空題能夠較為準(zhǔn)確地檢查學(xué)生的各項(xiàng)知識(shí)水平和綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的能力。這種題型的主要考查內(nèi)容為：詞語辨析、基本句型、基礎(chǔ)語法；②固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá)；③閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理能力。近年來，完形填空題更側(cè)重對(duì)語言應(yīng)用能力、閱讀理解能力的考查。完形填空題（clozetest）它有以下兩大特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律：第一，一篇完形填空題是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。盡管看起來形式上有殘缺（若干個(gè)空），但它的內(nèi)容、語言習(xí)慣，句與句之間的銜接點(diǎn)，句子與段落之間的聯(lián)系，段落與段落之間的邏輯順序仍或隱或現(xiàn)地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空題時(shí)，通讀全文、明了大意、理清觀點(diǎn)、分清層次是十分重要的一步?？忌忸}時(shí)必須自始至終依托語境，注意上下文之間、詞與詞之間，從語法到意義的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上啟下的過渡詞等，如so,but,however,then,therefore,also等。第二，完形填空題選材廣泛。它涉及社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)；文化、教育、歷史、地理、科普知識(shí)、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形填空題時(shí)，要快速通覽全文，了解文章概貌與各段落的中心意思，把握文章主旨脈絡(luò)，掌握文章作者的意圖。二．完形填空題的設(shè)空規(guī)律為了對(duì)完形填空題的各種類型有一個(gè)深入的了解，探索一下該題型的設(shè)空規(guī)律是有必要的。⑴上下文直接信息題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間不存在詞義區(qū)別和用法比較?？忌鷳?yīng)著眼于對(duì)上下文信息的捕捉和對(duì)上下文暗示的領(lǐng)會(huì)。如下列“考題1”中的第7、8、9小題。⑵詞、句、文三結(jié)合理解題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是：其中某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入空白處會(huì)使句意不通或嚴(yán)重違背上下句意義的銜接或直接與短文內(nèi)容不符，考生在做這類題時(shí)要對(duì)各選項(xiàng)的詞義作準(zhǔn)確的把握。如下列“考題1”中的第4、5小題。⑶詞義辨析題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，各選項(xiàng)代入空中后該句的語法都是正確的，但是句子出現(xiàn)了幾種不同的含義。在做這類題時(shí)，考生要認(rèn)真比較各詞之間的細(xì)微差別。如下列“考題1”中的第1、11、15小題。⑷語法知識(shí)和固定短語考查題：考生在解答本類題時(shí)要注意句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)要正確：如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等；對(duì)固定短語要注意其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，如下列“考題1”中的第10小題。⑸行文邏輯和全文中心把握題：本類題的設(shè)空特點(diǎn)是：把各選項(xiàng)中的對(duì)象代入空格中可導(dǎo)致上下文之間出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等。做本類題時(shí)，考生要注意全文的主線或脈絡(luò)，仔細(xì)分析上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而準(zhǔn)確地選出正確答案。如下列“考題1”中的第2、13小題。三．完形填空解題技巧在做這類題的時(shí)候，希望考生一定要牢記四個(gè)步驟，反復(fù)訓(xùn)練，使自己在短時(shí)間內(nèi)有一個(gè)比較好的成績。第一步就是通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，第二步就是緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對(duì)比備選答案，第三步就是瞻前顧后，全文貫通,，第四步就是復(fù)查核對(duì)，決定取舍。1．通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意完形填空題不同于單項(xiàng)選擇填空題。單項(xiàng)填空題所給的是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)句子，根據(jù)本句或前后句就可以判定所選的答案。而完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完整的短文，所選的答案處在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做題前，必須先瀏覽全文，了解短文的大意，這是絕不可省的一步。2.緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對(duì)比備選答案完形填空所用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的主題句，往往在每段文章的首句，有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大意等，這是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以語句為立足點(diǎn)，從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣推測全文的主要內(nèi)容。分析時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)當(dāng)遇到一個(gè)需要填的詞時(shí)，首先要考慮這個(gè)詞在句子中的成分是什么？詞性是什么？(2)如果需要填的是名詞，就要考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格形式。(3)如果需要填的是形容詞或副詞，就應(yīng)考慮是用原級(jí)或是比較級(jí)，還是最高級(jí)。(4)如果需要填的是動(dòng)詞，則要考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，人稱變化，語氣以及非謂語動(dòng)詞（不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式）的一般式，被動(dòng)式和完成式等。(5)如果需要填空的是介詞，則要注意固定搭配的用法。(6)如果需要填的是冠詞，則要注意是用不定冠詞還是用定冠詞。(7)另外要注意一些固定句型。3.瞻前顧后，全文貫通短文中每個(gè)空白處的正確答案和氣上下文在意思上和結(jié)構(gòu)上都有這樣或那樣的必然聯(lián)系。一般說來，所選答案只有和上下文和結(jié)構(gòu)上都吻合的時(shí)候，才是正確答案。因此，必須注意上下的參照，連貫思考。如果答案一時(shí)確定不下來，切記不要耽誤太久，可暫放一邊，待其他答案選好之后，再回過頭來仔細(xì)推敲。試題所提供的短文可以說是一個(gè)整體，空白處所需要選的答案只是整體中的一部分。有時(shí)候，所選答案從局部看是可行的，但從整體看，不見的是最佳的答案。這時(shí)就要局部服從整體，從短文的整體內(nèi)容出發(fā)，重新選擇答案。對(duì)于那些拿不定主意或未能選答的空白，不要僅局限在與上下文的對(duì)照上，要把視野擴(kuò)大到全文。有時(shí)一旦和整篇短文聯(lián)系起來，就可豁然開朗，很容易選出正確答案。4.復(fù)查核對(duì)，決定取舍全部題目作完以后，要仔細(xì)考查核對(duì)。填完空白后，重讀全文，這也是解題過程中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。此時(shí)考生對(duì)文章已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的了解，對(duì)文章的理解也就更進(jìn)了一步，也就摸清了文章內(nèi)在發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系。而如果在此時(shí)再讀一遍文章，就有可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些其他原來沒有注意到的問題，也就能夠根據(jù)對(duì)語篇的理解及內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系，反復(fù)推敲，比較異同，從而選擇一個(gè)更符合文章意義的答案，其方法是:把短文連同所選答案細(xì)讀一遍，凡讀起來別扭或答案無確切把握的地方分別記下來，然后將每個(gè)空白處與其相對(duì)應(yīng)的四個(gè)答案逐一對(duì)照，務(wù)求一一過關(guān)，避免遺漏。若發(fā)現(xiàn)原所選答案與復(fù)查時(shí)所選答案不同，不要急于涂改，待認(rèn)真斟酌核實(shí)后，再?zèng)Q定取舍。另外，在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中，對(duì)每一篇完形填空均可重復(fù)作上幾遍，通過反復(fù)的練習(xí)，不但可以牢固地掌握所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且能夠提高完形填空的應(yīng)試能力?！纠}解析】1．完形填空：閱讀下面短文，選出最佳答案：“Ring…ring…”thetelephonesuddenlyrang.Samgotupto1thecall.Itwashisaunt.“Sam,2areyoustillathome?”sheaskedsurprisingly.Sam1ookedattheclock.Itwasalready7:30a.m.“Oh,mygoodness!There’sanimportant3today,”Samshoutedout.Hehurriedtowashhisfaceandget4.Whenhewasgoingtoleavethehouse,he5thathehadnotputawayhisbooks.Heranquicklytothe6andputthemintothebag.Hethenwenttothebusstoptogotoschoolas7ashecould.Whenhegotintotheclassroom,hisclassmateswere8writing.“Whyareyouso9?”askedtheteacher.“I’msorry,sir,”Samanswered,afraidoflooking10.“Itwasmyclock.It11towakemeupthismorningand....”“Don'tsayanythingaboutit,”histeacher12him.“Don’ttrytocomelatenexttime!”Samsaidyesandwalkedtohis13quickly.Butwhenhetriedtodothepaper,hecouldnot14inarightway.Heputhisheadonthedeskandsaid,“Whata151.A.findB.giveC.putD.answer2.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where3.A.talkB.partyC.examD.meeting4.A.tiredB.lostC.dressedD.rested5.A.forgotB.rememberedC.understoodD.thought6.A.classroomB.deskC.busD.door7.A.carefullyB.quietlyC.earlyD.fast8.A.worriedB.freeC.busyD.careful9.A.1ateB.illC.lonelyD.ready10.A.downB.upC.outD.back11.A.happenedB.stoppedC.failedD.pointed12.A.helpedB.knewC.followedD.stopped13.A.roomB.tableC.seatD.teacher14.A.thinkB.sitC.turnD.speak15.A.shortB.badC.happyD.usual【限時(shí)訓(xùn)練】(A)JackisanEnglishteacheratacollege．HemovedtoNewYorkCitywith_41__family．Jackisanexcellentteacher．Soweallmissedhimverymuchsincehe_42__．Twoweeksago,JackcamebacktoNorthCarolinaforashortvisit．Theteachersandstudentsheldasmall_43__forhim．Attheparty．Icertainlywouldnot_44__thatgoodchancetolearnEnglish．SoItriedtothinkofallkindsoftopicstotalk_45__Grace，anotherEnglishteacher．SuddenlyIheardJacksaytoothers_46__，“IdigNewYork!”IimmediatelyaskedGrace，“IsitreallydifficulttofindajobinNewYork?”WhydoesJack_47__doheavyworksinceheissuchagoodteacher?’’“Whydoyouthinkthat?”Graceaskedme．‘‘Haven’tyouheardhim_48__thatheisdiggingNewYork?Ishebuildinganundergroundpassage?”Iasked．WhenshefinallyrealizedwhatImeant，Gracelaughedtotears．Shethenaskedus_49_weknewthemeaningof“IdigNewYork．”Allofusshookour_50__．SoGraceaskedJacktoexplainit?Itturnsoutthat“IdigNewYork”means“IloveNewYork”inAmericanslang(俚語)．()41.A.heB.hisC.himself()42.A.leftB.leavesC.leave()43.A.meetingB.partyC.lecture()44.A.lookupB.callupC.giveup()45.A.withB.atC.of()46.A.angrilyB.sadlyC.loudly()47.A.havetoB.hadtoC.hasto()48.A.talkB.sayC.speak()49.A.thatB.whetherC.what()50.A.handsB.armsC.heads(B)Haveyoueverdonesomethingsillythatmadeyoufeelsoembarrassed(尷尬的)?Well，IhadareallybadSaturdaymorning．Iwentshoppinglastweek，_41__mywayhome,Itbegantorain．Iquicklyranintoaphonebox_42__Ididn'thaveanumbrella．ItwasraininghardandIdecidedto_43__inthephoneboxuntilitstopped._44__minuteslater,Isawayoungmanwalkuptothephonebox,wearingayellowraincoatandholdingatoolbox.Ididn’twanttogooutintotherain,soI_45__thephoneandpretendedIwastalkingtosomeone.Ithoughthewouldgoaway，buthedidn’t．Hewaitedinthe_46__rain,watchingmewavemyhandsaboutandactasif1wasdeepinconversation．_47_，therainstoppedafterabouttenminutes．“OK，Mum，”Isaidloudlyintothephone，“I’llseeyoulater.Bye!”Iputthephonedownandwentoutofthephonebox.“I’msorrytokeepyou_48__forsolong,”Isaidtotheman．“Oh，Idon’twanttousethephone,”hereplied．“I'vejustcometorepairit．Itdoesn’twork．”Myfaceturned_49__andIquicklyranoffwithmyheaddown.Thatwascertainlythemostembarrassing_50__ofmylife!()41.A.atB.onC.in()42.A.soB.andC.because()43.A.stayB.liveC.come()44.A.AfewB.AlittleC.Alot()45.A.lookedupB.pickedupC.turnedup()46.A.bigB.strongC.heavy()47.A.LuckilyB.LuckC.Lucky()48.A.waitB.waitingC.waited()49.A.greenB.redC.white()50.A.chanceB.wayC.time（C）Everyoneknowspeopleneedwater．Butdoyouknowjusthow__41_wateristolivingthings?Maybeyoufeellucky__42_yourlifeisn’thard.Butitdoesn’tmeanthatyoudon’thavetoworryaboutwater．Weallfaceseriouswater__43_．Oneofthemiswaterpollution．Allkindsofthingsfromcars,factories,farmsandhomes__44_ourrivers,lakesandoceansdirty.Pollutedwaterisverybad__45_peopletodrink.Anddirtywaterisbadforfish,__46_．Now,34percentofallkindsoffisharedyingout.Howdocarsandfactoriesmakeourwaterdirty?First，theypollutetheair．Then，whenit__47_，therainwatercomesdownandmakesourdrinkingwaterdirty．Dirtyrain，calledacidrain，isalsobadforplants，animalsandbuildings．__48_peoplehavemadewellstogetcleanwaterfromunderground.Buttherestillisn’tenough.Scientists__49_thatin30years,morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldwon’thaveenoughcleanwater.Whenwedon’ttakecareofourwater，wearehurtingeveryone．It’stimetostartlearninghowtosavemorewaterfor__50_andourchildren．()41.A.difficultB.importantC.comfortable()42.A.thatB.whetherC.what()43.A.eventsB.problemsC.questions()44.A.keepB.letC.make()45.A.forB.atC.of()46.A.alsoB.eitherC.too()47.A.rainsB.rainC.raining()48.A.muchB.manyC.few()49.A.talkB.sayC.speak()50.A.ourB.weC.ourselves【真題演練】AFearsaresomethingweallhave.Youneedtofaceyourfearsandtogetoverthem.However,it'seasier____(41)thandone.Runningawayfromyourfearsdoesn’tmakethemleaveItjustmakesthem__(42)…thanever.We'renevergoingtobe__(43)fearlesseverythingwedo,butwecanatleastbemorefearlessand(44)Whatarethefearsthatscareyoumuch?Checkwhattheyareandgetthem_(45)intheopen.Aretheythings__(46)heightorsnakes?Areyouafraidtotalktogirlorboy?Ar.youso(47)thatyouarefearingonsayingthewrongthing?Thesearecommonfearsthat__(48)yourdailylivesBeforeyoucanfacethem,youneedtolearnmoreabout(49)makesyoufearfulofthesesituationsCommunicatingyourfearoneway.Otherpeoplemaybeableto__(50)yourAnxiety(焦慮）becausetheyknowsomethingyoudon’t.Itcouldhefrom8past__(51),somethingthatyoucouldneverforgetandhasmadeyoufearful__(52)thenTofacefears,youhaveto__(53)insomething.It'saveryhealthywayoflettingyoufeelasifnothingcango(54)Whenyoufeelthatway,youmayheabletothink___(55)aboutyourfears.Youwillbeable10believethateverythingwillbeokay.Everythingdoesendupbeingokay41.AcalledB.actedC.dreamedD.said42.A.louderBsillierC.brighterD.bigger43.A.similarlyB.speciallyC.completelyD.strongly44.A.honestB.confidentC.patientDenergetic45.A.outB.belowC.aboutDaway46A.likeB.behindC.amongDabove47.A.freeB;shyC.politeD.peaceful48.A.wonderB.pretendC.influenceD.save49.A.whoB.whyCwhereD.what50.A.remindB.realiseC.representD.receive51'.A.seasonB.expressionC.subjectD.experience52.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.until53.A.believeB.suggestC.dreamD.succeed54.A.guiltyB.wrongC.directD.correct55.A.mostlyB.fairlyC.differentlyD.gentlyBForyearsscientistshavebeenarguingaboutwhethernatureornurture(后天)decideswhatpeoplewillbelike.Isitnature—whatpeopleare(41)with—thatdecideswhattheywillbelike?(42)isitnurture—what(43)topeoplewhentheyareborn—thatdecideswhattheywillbelike?Scientistshavebeenstudyingtwinsto(44)iftheycanfindtheanswer,becausetwinsstartoutwiththe(45)DNA.Sometimestwinsdon’tlivetogetheratbirthandgrowupindifferent(46)anddifferentplaces—sothenatureisthesameforboth,butthenurtureisdifferent.Whenscientists(47)thesetwinsintheirlaterlife,theysometimesfindsomesurprising(48).JimSpringerandJimLewiswereadopted（收養(yǎng)）bytwodifferentfamiliesatbirth.Theyfirstmeteachotheragainthirty-nineyears(49)anddiscoveredtheyhadalotin(50).Bothhadbeen(51)twice.TheirfirstwiveswerebothnamedLindaandtheirsecondwiveswerebothnamedBetty!Eachtwinhadason—onecalledhissonJamesAlanandthe(52)calledhissonJamesAlan,too.Theirchildreneachhadadogcalled“Toy”.Theyevenarrivedattheirfirst(53)inthesamecolorofcar.Sofartwin(54)seemtoshowthatbothnatureandnurtureareimportant.Whatwehavefrombirth,andhowandwherewelivehelptobuild(55)weare.41.A.born B.grown C.taught D.made42.A.So B.And C.If D.Or43.A.pretendsB.happens C.falls D.depends44.A.hear B.win C.see D.plan45.A.nice B.same C.full D.free46.A.families B.cities C.countries D.nations47.A.believe B.suggest C.receive D.compare48.A.numbers B.discoveries C.results D.decisions49.A.ago B.later C.forward D.behind50.A.common B.fact C.danger D.trouble51.A.mentioned B.married C.succeededD.interviewed52.A.either B.else C.other D.only53.A.competition B.education C.purpose D.meeting54.A.studies B.movies C.challengesD.mysteries55.A.what B.when C.where D.whoCSomestudentscheat(作弊)becausethey’rebusyorlazyandtheywanttogetgoodgradeswithout(41)thetimestudying.Otherstudentsmightfeelthattheycan’t(42)thetestwithoutcheating.Evenwhenthereseemstobea“goodreason”forcheating,itisn’tagood(43).Astudentwhothinkscheatingistheonlywaytopassatest(44)totalkwiththeteache