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每個人都能掌握的記憶技巧(雙語)JoshuaFoerTed英語演講:kira86于2013-05-23為什么有些人似乎天賦異能,能夠過目不忘在短時間內(nèi)記下一本書的內(nèi)容或是繁多的數(shù)字?是否他們的腦袋和我們的不一樣,或他們更聰明?科技欄作家JoshuaFoer給您詳細講解這種記憶方法一一他稱其為”記憶宮殿”一一并向您證明他的重點是:任何人都可以擁有絕佳的記憶里,包括他自己。這個答案就是“精細編碼”一一他們把沒有前因后果沒有重要性沒有涵義的信息用某種方法轉(zhuǎn)化為有意義的內(nèi)容跟腦海里的其他記憶串聯(lián)起來。Featsofmemoryanyonecando英語演講稿帶中文翻譯:I'dliketoinviteyoutocloseyoureyes.請大家跟我一起閉上眼睛,象一下。Imagineyourselfstandingoutsidethefrontdoorofyourhome.I'dlikeyoutonoticethecolorofthedoor,thematerialthatit'smadeoutof.Nowvisualizeapackofoverweightnudistsonbicycles.Theyarecompetinginanakedbicyclerace,andtheyareheadedstraightforyourfrontdoor.Ineedyoutoactuallyseethis.Theyarepedalingreallyhard,they'resweaty,they'rebouncingaroundalot.Andtheycrashstraightintothefrontdoorofyourhome.Bicyclesflyeverywhere,wheelsrollpastyou,spokesendupinawkwardplaces.Stepoverthethresholdofyourdoorintoyourfoyer,yourhallway,whatever'sontheotherside,andappreciatethequalityofthelight.ThelightisshiningdownonCookieMonster.CookieMonsteriswavingatyoufromhisperchontopofatanhorse.It'satalkinghorse.Youcanpracticallyfeelhisbluefurticklingyournose.Youcansmelltheoatmealraisincookiethathe'sabouttoshovelintohismouth.Walkpasthim.Walkpasthimintoyourlivingroom.Inyourlivingroom,infullimaginativebroadband,pictureBritneySpears.Sheisscantilyclad,she'sdancingonyourcoffeetable,andshe'ssinging"HitMeBabyOneMoreTime."Andthenfollowmeintoyourkitchen.Inyourkitchen,thefloorhasbeenpavedoverwithayellowbrickroadandoutofyourovenarecomingtowardsyouDorothy,theTinMan,theScarecrowandtheLionfrom"TheWizardofOz,"hand-in-handskippingstraighttowardsyou.你站在,自己家門口的外面,請留心一下門的顏色,以及門的材質(zhì),現(xiàn)在請想象一群超重的裸騎者,正在進行一場裸體自行車賽,向你的前門直沖而來,盡量讓畫面想象得栩栩如生近在眼前,他們都在奮力地踩腳踏板汗流泱背,路面非常顛簸,然后徑直撞進了你家前門,自行車四下飛散車輪從你身旁滾過,輻條扎進了各種尷尬角落,跨過門檻,進到門廳、走廊和門里的其他地方,室內(nèi)光線柔和舒適,光線灑在甜餅怪物身上,他坐在一匹棕色駿馬的馬背上,正向你招手,這匹馬會說話,你可以感覺到他的藍色鬃毛讓你鼻子發(fā)癢,你可以聞到他正要扔進嘴里的葡萄燕麥曲奇的香氣,繞過他繞過他走進客廳,站在客廳里把你的想象力調(diào)到最大檔,想象小甜甜布蘭妮,她衣著暴露在你咖啡桌上跳舞,并唱著"HitMeBabyOneMoreTime",接下來跟著我走進你的廚房,廚房的地面被一道黃磚路覆蓋,依次鉆出你的烤箱向你走來的是,《綠野仙蹤》里的多蘿西鐵皮人,稻草人和獅子,他們手挽著手蹦蹦跳跳地向你走來,Okay.Openyoureyes.好了睜開眼睛吧,IwanttotellyouaboutaverybizarrecontestthatisheldeveryspringinNewYorkCity.It'scalledtheUnitedStatesMemoryChampionship.AndIhadgonetocoverthiscontestafewyearsbackasasciencejournalistexpecting,Iguess,thatthiswasgoingtobeliketheSuperbowlofsavants.Thiswasabunchofguysandafewladies,widelyvaryinginbothageandhygienicupkeep.我要給你們講一個每年春天在紐約,都會舉辦的奇異競賽,叫做全美記憶冠軍賽,幾年前我作為一名科技類記者,去報道這項競賽,心里想著大概那兒得像,怪才的”超級碗冠軍賽”一樣熱鬧吧,一大堆男人和屈指可數(shù)的女性,從小孩兒到老人有些還不怎么注意個人衛(wèi)生,(Laughter)(大笑),Theywerememorizinghundredsofrandomnumbers,lookingatthemjustonce.Theywerememorizingthenamesofdozensanddozensanddozensofstrangers.Theywerememorizingentirepoemsinjustafewminutes.Theywerecompetingtoseewhocouldmemorizetheorderofashuffledpackofplayingcardsthefastest.Iwaslike,thisisunbelievable.Thesepeoplemustbefreaksofnature.有的奮力在只看一次的情況下,記下上百個任意列出的數(shù)字,有的在努力記住成群的陌生人的名字,有的想在幾分鐘內(nèi)努力背下整篇詩歌,還有的在比賽誰能以最快速度,記下一整副打亂的牌的順序,我當時覺得這太不可思議了,這些人肯定天賦異稟。AndIstartedtalkingtoafewofthecompetitors.ThisisaguycalledEdCookwhohadcomeoverfromEnglandwherehehadoneofthebesttrainedmemories.AndIsaidtohim,"Ed,whendidyourealizethatyouwereasavant?"AndEdwaslike,"I'mnotasavant.Infact,Ihavejustanaveragememory.Everybodywhocompetesinthiscontestwilltellyouthattheyhavejustanaveragememory.We'vealltrainedourselvestoperformtheseutterlymiraculousfeatsofmemoryusingasetofancienttechniques,techniquesinvented2,500yearsagoinGreece,thesametechniquesthatCicerohadusedtomemorizehisspeeches,thatmedievalscholarshadusedtomemorizeentirebooks."AndIwaslike,"Whoa.HowcomeIneverheardofthisbefore?"所以我開始采訪參賽者,這位叫EdCook,是從英格蘭來的,他在那兒接受了最好的記憶訓練,我問他"Ed你是什么時候開始意識到,自己是記憶天才的?”,Ed答道“我并不是什么專家,其實我的記憶力很一般,來參賽的每一個人,都會告訴你他們的記憶力只是一般水平,我們都在訓練自己后才能,完成這些奇跡般的記憶游戲,我們運用了一系列古老的技巧,這些技巧是希臘人在兩千五百年前發(fā)明的,西塞羅正是用了這些技巧,來記憶他的演講稿的,中世紀學者用這種技巧來背誦正本書籍的內(nèi)容”,我驚訝不已”哇噻怎么我從來沒聽說過呢?”,Andwewerestandingoutsidethecompetitionhall,andEd,whoisawonderful,brilliant,butsomewhateccentricEnglishguy,saystome,"Josh,you'reanAmericanjournalist.DoyouknowBritneySpears?"I'mlike,"What?No.Why?""BecauseIreallywanttoteachBritneySpearshowtomemorizetheorderofashuffledpackofplayingcardsonU.S.nationaltelevision.Itwillprovetotheworldthatanybodycandothis."我們站在競技大廳外,聰明過人令人驚嘆,而又稍有些古怪的英國人Ed,對我說"Josh你是個美國記者,你知道小甜甜布蘭妮吧?”,我茫然不解”什么?當然為什么要問這個?”,“因為我真的很想在,美國國家電臺上教會布蘭妮,怎樣記住一整副打亂的牌的順序,就能證明這是人人都可以做到的了”,(Laughter)(哄笑),Iwaslike,"WellI'mnotBritneySpears,butmaybeyoucouldteachme.Imean,you'vegottostartsomewhere,right?"Andthatwasthebeginningofaverystrangejourneyforme.我說”雖然我不是布蘭妮,但你也可以教教我呀,總得找個人開教嘛不是嗎?”,接著一段非常奇特的歷程在我面前展開了序幕,Iendedupspendingthebetterpartofthenextyearnotonlytrainingmymemory,butalsoinvestigatingit,tryingtounderstandhowitworks,whyitsometimesdoesn'tworkandwhatitspotentialmightbe.結(jié)果第二年的大部分時間,我都花在了訓練自己的記憶力,同時調(diào)查研究記憶上,我想嘗試理解產(chǎn)生記憶的原理,為何有時會記了又忘,及其它到底隱藏著什么樣的潛力,Imetahostofreallyinterestingpeople.ThisisaguycalledE.P.He'sanamnesicwhohad,verypossibly,theveryworstmemoryintheworld.Hismemorywassobadthathedidn'tevenrememberhehadamemoryproblem,whichisamazing.Andhewasthisincrediblytragicfigure,buthewasawindowintotheextenttowhichourmemoriesmakeuswhoweare.途中我遇到了很多有趣的人,其中一個叫E.P.,他患有健忘癥他的記憶力,恐怕是世界上最差的了,他的記憶能力差到,甚至記不得自己有健忘癥,真的很神奇,雖然他是個悲劇角色,但通過他我們能了解到,記憶在何種程度上塑造了我們的人格,Theotherendofthespectrum:Imetthisguy.ThisisKimPeek.HewasthebasisforDustinHoffman'scharacterinthemovie"RainMan."WespentanafternoontogetherintheSaltLakeCityPublicLibrarymemorizingphonebooks,whichwasscintillating.情況的另一個極端是我遇到了這樣一個人,他叫KimPeek,他是DustinHoffman在電影《雨人》里的角色的原型,我和他花了一下午,在鹽湖城公共圖書館里背電話簿,讓我大開眼界,(Laughter)(大笑),AndIwentbackandIreadawholehostofmemorytreatises,treatiseswritten2,000-plusyearsagoinLatininAntiquityandthenlaterintheMiddleAges.AndIlearnedawholebunchofreallyinterestingstuff.OneofthereallyinterestingthingsthatIlearnedisthatonceuponatime,thisideaofhavingatrained,disciplined,cultivatedmemorywasnotnearlysoalienasitwouldseemtoustobetoday.Onceuponatime,peopleinvestedintheirmemories,inlaboriouslyfurnishingtheirminds.回家后我讀了許多關(guān)于記憶的論文,寫于兩千多年前的論文,用拉丁文寫的從古代,一直到后來中世紀期間,我學到很多很有意思的事兒,其中一個就是,曾經(jīng),訓練規(guī)束培養(yǎng)記憶力的這種概念,完全不像如今那樣陌生,曾幾何時人們寄希望于自己的記憶,能不遺余力地裝飾自己的心靈,Overthelastfewmilleniawe'veinventedaseriesoftechnologies--fromthealphabettothescrolltothecodex,theprintingpress,photography,thecomputer,thesmartphone--thathavemadeitprogressivelyeasierandeasierforustoexternalizeourmemories,forustoessentiallyoutsourcethisfundamentalhumancapacity.Thesetechnologieshavemadeourmodernworldpossible,butthey'vealsochangedus.They'vechangedusculturally,andIwouldarguethatthey'vechangeduscognitively.Havinglittleneedtorememberanymore,itsometimesseemslikewe'veforgottenhow.近幾千年來,人類發(fā)明了一系列技術(shù),從字母表到卷軸,到法典印刷機攝影技術(shù),電腦智能手機,讓我們能越來越輕松地,外化記憶能力,讓我們從根本上,把這種基礎(chǔ)的人類能力拱手讓出,這些技術(shù)讓現(xiàn)代生活變?yōu)榭赡?,但同時也改變了我們,不僅在文化上,我覺得也在認知上,不再需要費勁去記憶,有時會覺得我們已經(jīng)忘了如何去記憶,OneofthelastplacesonEarthwhereyoustillfindpeoplepassionateaboutthisideaofatrained,disciplined,cultivatedmemoryisatthistotallysingularmemorycontest.It'sactuallynotthatsingular,therearecontestsheldallovertheworld.AndIwasfascinated,Iwantedtoknowhowdotheseguysdoit.在這片地球上已經(jīng)很少有地方,能讓你覺得人們?nèi)詿嶂杂?,訓練?guī)束培養(yǎng)記憶力了,那非同尋常的記憶大賽算是一個,其實它也沒有那么非同尋常,世界各地都開始舉辦這樣的競賽,我對此深深著迷想要知道這些人是怎么做到的,AfewyearsbackagroupofresearchersatUniversityCollegeLondonbroughtabunchofmemorychampionsintothelab.Theywantedtoknow:Dotheseguyshavebrainsthataresomehowstructurally,anatomicallydifferentfromtherestofours?Theanswerwasno.Aretheysmarterthantherestofus?Theygavethemabunchofcognitivetests,andtheanswerwasnotreally.幾年前倫敦大學學院的一組研究人員,請來一批記憶大賽的冠軍接受研究,他們想要弄明白,這些人的大腦,是否跟我們其他人在解剖學上的結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣?,答案是否定的,那他們比我們都聰明嗎?,他們給研究對象實施了一系列認知測試,依舊得出了否定結(jié)論,Therewashoweveronereallyinterestingandtellingdifferencebetweenthebrainsofthememorychampionsandthecontrolsubjectsthattheywerecomparingthemto.WhentheyputtheseguysinanfMRImachine,scannedtheirbrainswhiletheywerememorizingnumbersandpeople'sfacesandpicturesofsnowflakes,theyfoundthatthememorychampionswerelightingupdifferentpartsofthebrainthaneveryoneelse.Ofnote,theywereusing,ortheyseemedtobeusing,apartofthebrainthat'sinvolvedinspatialmemoryandnavigation.Why?Andistheresomethingtherestofuscanlearnfromthis?但對比受控制的比對目標的大腦,記憶大賽冠軍們的大腦,確實有一處很有趣的不同很說明問題,這些人被送去做功能磁共振,掃描大腦時,當他們在記憶數(shù)字或人臉或雪花圖案時,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶大賽冠軍們,的大腦激活的區(qū)域,跟普通人不太一樣,值得注意的是他們看來是在用,腦中在空間記憶和導航時會用到的部分,為什么?我們可以從中得出什么樣的結(jié)論呢?,Thesportofcompetitivememorizingisdrivenbyakindofarmsracewhereeveryyearsomebodycomesupwithanewwaytoremembermorestuffmorequickly,andthentherestofthefieldhastoplaycatchup.競爭性記憶的較量,被一種類似軍事比賽的方式推向了白熱化,每年都會有人,帶著更有效的記憶方法現(xiàn)身賽場,而其他人就必須迎頭趕上,ThisismyfriendBenPridmore,three-timeworldmemorychampion.Onhisdeskinfrontofhimare36shuffledpacksofplayingcardsthatheisabouttotrytomemorizeinonehour,usingatechniquethatheinventedandhealonehasmastered.Heusedasimilartechniquetomemorizethepreciseorderof4,140randombinarydigitsinhalfanhour.Yeah.這是我的朋友BenPridmore,贏得過三次國際記憶大賽冠軍,在他的臺前,有三十六副打亂順序的牌,他要在一個小時內(nèi)記下全部,用的是一種他自己發(fā)明的也只有他會的技巧,用與此類似的方法,他曾一字不差地背下了,4140個任意排列的二進制數(shù),只用了半個小時,很牛吧,Andwhilethereareawholehostofwaysofrememberingstuffinthesecompetitions,everything,allofthetechniquesthatarebeingused,ultimatelycomedowntoaconceptthatpsychologistsrefertoaselaborativeencoding.參賽者在這些競賽中,運用過很多不同的記憶方法,各式各樣被運用到的所有技巧,最終都能歸化為一個概念,心理學家稱之為”精細編碼”,Andit'swellillustratedbyaniftyparadoxknownastheBaker/bakerparadox,whichgoeslikethis:IfItelltwopeopletorememberthesameword,ifIsaytoyou,"RememberthatthereisaguynamedBaker."That'shisname.AndIsaytoyou,"Rememberthatthereisaguywhoisabaker."AndIcomebacktoyouatsomepointlateron,andIsay,"DoyourememberthatwordthatItoldyouawhileback?Doyourememberwhatitwas?"ThepersonwhowastoldhisnameisBakerislesslikelytorememberthesamewordthanthepersonwastoldhisjobisthatheisabaker.Sameword,differentamountofremembering;that'sweird.What'sgoingonhere?這個概念能用一則幽默的悖論完美詮釋,叫做Baker/baker悖論,簡單說來就是,假設我讓兩個人去記同一個詞,我跟你說,”記住有個人叫Baker",Baker是人名,我又來告訴你”記住有個人是面包師(baker)",過了一段時間我又回來找到你們,問”還記得我之前,叫你們記住的那個詞嗎?”,”還記得是什么詞嗎?“,被告知人名是Baker的人,記住這個詞的可能性遠不如,被告知職業(yè)是面包師的那個人,同樣的詞導致不同的記憶程度,到底是為什么呢,WellthenameBakerdoesn'tactuallymeananythingtoyou.Itisentirelyuntetheredfromalloftheothermemoriesfloatingaroundinyourskull.Butthecommonnounbaker,weknowbakers.Bakerswearfunnywhitehats.Bakershaveflourontheirhands.Bakerssmellgoodwhentheycomehomefromwork.Maybeweevenknowabaker.Andwhenwefirsthearthatword,westartputtingtheseassociationalhooksintoitthatmakeiteasiertofishitbackoutatsomelaterdate.TheentireartofwhatisgoingoninthesememorycontestsandtheentireartofrememberingstuffbetterineverydaylifeisfiguringoutwaystotransformcapitalBBakersintolower-caseBbakers--totakeinformationthatislackingincontext,insignificance,inmeaningandtransformitinsomewaysothatitbecomesmeaningfulinthelightofalltheotherthingsthatyouhaveinyourmind.是因為人名Baker沒有任何特殊含義,沒法跟你腦海里,零碎繁雜的記憶產(chǎn)生任何聯(lián)系,但是面包師(baker)作為一個常用名詞,我們都知道面包師是什么,面包師帶著搞笑的白帽子,他們手上沾滿了面粉,他們下班回到家?guī)е鴵浔堑目久姘悖踔量赡苡行┤擞信笥丫褪敲姘鼛?,我們初次聽到這個詞時,馬上就會產(chǎn)生各種各樣的聯(lián)想,這使我們能在一段時間后還能回憶起來,其實要理解記憶競賽中的,一切奧妙,或在日常生活中改善記憶力的秘訣,僅僅在于想辦法把Baker中的大寫B(tài),變?yōu)槊姘鼛?baker)中的小寫b,把沒有前因后果,沒有重要性沒有涵義的信息,用某種方法轉(zhuǎn)化為,有意義的內(nèi)容,跟腦海里的其他記憶串聯(lián)起來,Oneofthemoreelaboratetechniquesfordoingthisdatesback2,500yearstoAncientGreece.Itcametobeknownasthememorypalace.Thestorybehinditscreationgoeslikethis:TherewasapoetcalledSimonideswhowasattendingabanquet.Hewasactuallythehiredentertainment,becausebackthenifyouwantedtothrowareallyslammingparty,youdidn'thireaD.J.,youhiredapoet.Andhestandsup,delivershispoemfrommemory,walksoutthedoor,andatthemomenthedoes,thebanquethallcollapses,killseverybodyinside.Itdoesn'tjustkilleverybody,itmanglesthebodiesbeyondallrecognition.Nobodycansaywhowasinside,nobodycansaywheretheyweresitting.Thebodiescan'tbeproperlyburied.It'sonetragedycompoundinganother.Simonides,standingoutside,thesolesurvivoramidthewreckage,closeshiseyesandhasthisrealization,whichisthatinhismind'seye,hecanseewhereeachoftheguestsatthebanquethadbeensitting.Andhetakestherelativesbythehandandguidesthemeachtotheirlovedonesamidthewreckage.這種精確記憶的技巧,在兩千五百年前的古希臘就已出現(xiàn),后來將其稱為記憶宮殿,發(fā)明這種技巧的過程如下,有個叫做Simonides的詩人,他要去參加一個晚宴,其實他算是被請去做表演嘉賓的,因為在那個年代炫酷派對的標準,不是請D.J.來打碟而是要請詩人來頌詩,他站起來背出了他的全篇詩作然后瀟灑離去,他剛走出門口晚宴大廳就塌了,砸死了里面所有的人,不僅全體死亡,所有的死者都被砸得面目全非,沒人說得清死者都有些誰,沒人說得清誰坐在哪兒,導致死者的尸體沒法得到合適的殉葬安置,這又加重了整件事的悲劇色彩,Simonides站在外面,作為廢墟中的唯一幸存者,閉上眼睛猛然意識到,在他的腦海中,他眼前出現(xiàn)了所有賓客所坐的位置,他就牽著親屬們的手,穿過廢墟把他們帶到了親人身邊,WhatSimonidesfiguredoutatthatmomentissomethingthatIthinkweallkindofintuitivelyknow,whichisthat,asbadasweareatrememberingnamesandphonenumbersandword-for-wordinstructionsfromourcolleagues,wehavereallyexceptionalvisualandspatialmemories.IfIaskedyoutorecountthefirst10wordsofthestorythatIjusttoldyouaboutSimonides,chancesareyouwouldhaveatoughtimewithit.ButIwouldwagerthatifIaskedyoutorecallwhoissittingontopofatalkingtanhorseinyourfoyerrightnow,youwouldbeabletoseethat.Simonides當時猛然醒悟的事,大概我們大家也都猜到了,其實是不管我們,有多不善于記住姓名電話號碼,或是同事的每句指令,我們都擁有異常敏銳的視覺或空間記憶能力,要是我讓你們逐字逐句地重述,我剛才講的Simonides故事的前十個字,應該沒幾個人會記得,但我敢打賭,如果我讓你們現(xiàn)在回想下,在你的門廳里坐在會講話的棕色駿馬上的,是誰,你們就明白我剛才說的意思了,Theideabehindthememorypalaceistocreatethisimaginededificeinyourmind'seyeandpopulateitwithimagesofthethingsthatyouwanttoremember--thecrazier,weirder,morebizarre,funnier,raunchier,stinkiertheimageis,themoreunforgettableit'slikelytobe.Thisisadvicethatgoesback2,000-plusyearstotheearliestLatinmemorytreatises.記憶宮殿的原理,就是在你的腦海里建立一棟想象大廈,并讓你想記住的東西,的影像充滿其中,越是瘋狂古怪奇詭,荒誕搞笑亂七八糟招人厭惡的影像,就越容易記住,這個建議來自于兩千多年前,拉丁最早的記憶學者,Sohowdoesthiswork?Let'ssaythatyou'vebeeninvitedtoTEDcenterstagetogiveaspeechandyouwanttodoitfrommemory,andyouwanttodoitthewaythatCicerowouldhavedoneitifhehadbeeninvitedtoTEDxRome2,000yearsago.Whatyoumightdoispictureyourselfatthefrontdoorofyourhouse.Andyou'dcomeupwithsomesortofanabsolutelycrazy,ridiculous,unforgettableimagetoremindyouthatthefirstthingyouwanttotalkaboutisthistotallybizarrecontest.Andthenyou'dgoinsideyourhouse,andyouwouldseeanimageofCookieMonsterontopofMisterEd.AndthatwouldremindyouthatyouwouldwanttothenintroduceyourfriendEdCook.Andthenyou'dseeanimageofBritneySpearstoremindyouofthisfunnyanecdoteyouwanttotell.Andyougointoyourkitchen,andthefourthtopicyouweregoingtotalkaboutwasthisstrangejourneythatyouwentonforayear,andyouhavesomefriendstohelpyourememberthat.那么這種說法的原理到底是什么呢,假設你被邀請,站上TED的中心講臺演講,而你想脫稿完成,如西塞羅在兩千年前在TEDx羅馬上的演講一般,他就會這么霸氣走一回而你也想這樣,你要做的就是,想象自己站在自家門前,然后憑空想象出,一段完全荒誕瘋狂難忘的景象,用來提示你上臺要提的第一件事,就是這場詭異的裸騎大賽,然后你走進房子里,想到甜餅怪物,坐在Ed先生背上的樣子,這個景象會提醒你,要介紹你的朋友EdCook,然后你腦海里出現(xiàn)了小甜甜布蘭妮的樣子,你就會想起要講那個關(guān)于布蘭妮的小故事,然后你走進廚房,你要說到的第四個話題是,你花了一整年走過的奇妙歷程,通過綠野仙蹤就可以聯(lián)想得到,ThisishowRomanoratorsmemorizedtheirspeeches--notword-for-word,whichisjustgoingtoscrewyouup,buttopic-for-topic.Infact,thephrase"topicsentence,"thatcomesfromtheGreekword"topos,"whichmeans"place."That'savestigeofwhenpeopleusedtothinkaboutoratoryandrhetoricinthesesortsofspatialterms.Thephrase"inthefirstplace,"that'slikeinthefirstplaceofyourmemorypalace.這就是羅馬演說家背誦演講稿的秘訣,并非一字不差逐字背誦只會平添麻煩,而是記住一個個主題,其實短語”主題句”,就來源于希臘詞"topos",意思是"地點”,這是古時候,人們談到演講或是修辭時,會用到的空間術(shù)語,短語”第一”,就意味著你的記憶宮殿的第一層,Ithoughtthiswasjustfascinating,andIgotreallyintoit.AndIwenttoafewmoreofthesememorycontests.AndIhadthisnotionthatImightwritesomethinglongeraboutthissubcultureofcompetitivememorizers.Buttherewasaproblem.Theproblemwasthatamemorycontestisapathologicallyboringevent,(Laughter)Truly,itislikeabunchofpeoplesittingaroundtakingtheSATs.Imean,themostdramaticitgetsiswhensomebodystartsmassagingtheirtemples.AndI'majournalist,Ineedsomethingtowriteabout.Iknowthatthere'sthisincrediblestuffhappeninginthesepeople'sminds,butIdon'thaveaccesstoit.這簡直太有意思了,我對這起了很大的興趣,后來我又去了更多記憶大賽,我開始萌發(fā)了要更詳細描寫,這種競技記憶文化的念頭,但有一個問題,問題是記憶大賽,其實過程很無聊的,(大笑),真的就像一群人坐那兒高考一樣,最最激動人心的時刻,也不過就是有人揉了揉太陽穴,我是個記者總得有東西可寫呀,我知道這些人腦子里肯定是驚濤駭浪,但我作為外人無法得見,AndIrealized,ifIwasgoingtotellthisstory,Ineededtowalkintheirshoesalittlebit.AndsoIstartedtryingtospend15or20minuteseverymorningbeforeIsatdownwithmyNewYorkTimesjusttryingtoremembersomething.Maybeitwasapoem.MaybeitwasnamesfromanoldyearbookthatIboughtatafleamarket.AndIfoundthatthiswasshockinglyfun.Ineverwouldhaveexpectedthat.Itwasfunbecausethisisactuallynotabouttrainingyourmemory.Whatyou'redoingisyou'retryingtogetbetterandbetterandbetteratcreating,atdreamingup,theseutterlyludicrous,raunchy,hilariousandhopefullyunforgettableimagesinyourmind'seye.AndIgotprettyintoit.我意識到若我真的想報道這事兒,一定得親身體驗才行,所以我開始嘗試著每天早上坐下來看紐約時報前,花上十五到二十分鐘,嘗試記憶一些事,背背小詩,背背我在跳蚤市場買來的,舊年鑒里的人名,我驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)這其實非常帶勁,要不去嘗試根本想不到,有趣在于其實目標并不是要通過訓練提高記憶力,而是你在努力培養(yǎng)改善,創(chuàng)造力想象力,在你的腦海里憑空造出,那些完全滑稽荒誕胡亂最好是難忘的影像,而它成為了我的樂趣,Thisismewearingmystandardcompetitivememorizer'strainingkit.It'sapairofearmuffsandasetofsafetygogglesthathavebeenmaskedoverexceptfortwosmallpinholes,becausedistractionisthecompetitivememorizer'sgreatestenemy.這是我戴著標準競賽記憶者訓練套裝的樣子,它有一對耳塞,一副護目鏡鏡面全部遮黑,就留了兩個小孔,因為競技記憶者最大的敵人就是注意力分散,IendedupcomingbacktothatsamecontestthatIhadcoveredayearearlier.AndIhadthisnotionthatImightenterit,sortofasanexperimentinparticipatoryjournalism.It'dmake,Ithought,maybeaniceepiloguetoallmyresearch.Problemwastheexperimentwenthaywire.Iwonthecontest,whichreallywasn'tsupposedtohappen.最后我再次回到了一年前報道的那場競賽場上,我一時沖動也想報名參加,就當做參與性新聞報道的實驗了,我當時想到時能在前言里調(diào)侃一下自己也好,問題是實驗最后得到了意想不到的結(jié)果,那場競賽我贏了,真是完全出乎我預料之外,(Applause)(鼓掌),Nowitisnicetobeabletomemorizespeechesandphonenumbersandshoppinglists,butit'sactuallykindofbesidethepoint.Thesearejusttricks.Theyaretricksthatworkbecausethey'rebasedonsomeprettybasicprinciplesabouthowourbrainswork.Andyoudon'thavetobebuildingmemorypalacesormemorizingpacksofplayingcardstobenefitfromalittlebitofinsightabouthowyourmindworks.對我來說現(xiàn)在,背演講稿電話號碼或是購物單,都是小菜一碟倒是很不錯,但其實這些都不重要了,這些都是小伎倆,這些記憶伎倆之
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