復(fù)習(xí) 雅思語(yǔ)法之名詞性從句

復(fù)習(xí)雅思語(yǔ)法之名詞性從句第1頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)Butonanygivenday,whatSchaefercanofferistypicalfortoday’sdrugsrep（藥品推銷(xiāo)員）—acartrunkfullofpromotionalgiftsandgadgets（器械）,abudgetthatcouldbuylunchesanddinnersforasmallcountry,hundredsoffreedrugsamplesandthefreedomtogiveaphysician$200toprescribe（開(kāi)藥）hernewproducttothenextsixpatientswhofitthedrug’sprofile.第2頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)Butonanygivenday,(whatSchaefercanoffer)istypicalfortoday’sdrugsrep—acartrunkfullofpromotionalgiftsandgadgets,abudget(thatcouldbuylunchesanddinnersforasmallcountry),hundredsoffreedrugsamplesandthefreedomtogiveaphysician$200toprescribehernewproducttothenextsixpatients(whofitthedrug’sprofile).但是，隨便哪一天，對(duì)于今天的藥品推銷(xiāo)員來(lái)說(shuō)，謝弗能提供的東西都非常具有代表性—汽車(chē)后備箱里滿(mǎn)載的促銷(xiāo)禮品和小器械，能夠?yàn)橐粋€(gè)小國(guó)家的午餐和晚餐買(mǎi)單的預(yù)算，成千上萬(wàn)的免費(fèi)藥品樣本以及可以提供給一位醫(yī)生200美元的自由權(quán)—如果該醫(yī)生在開(kāi)藥的時(shí)候，指定將接下來(lái)的六名與該藥品吻合的患者使用她的新產(chǎn)品。第3頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)名詞性從句nounclause第4頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)

名詞性從句

在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞.

名詞性從句,

在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。第5頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)名詞性從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句第6頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)主語(yǔ)

{MydreamisthatProfessorDuandIwilltietheknot.WhatI

desireistalkingnonsense.表語(yǔ)Becomingacurvewreckerismydream.ThisiswhatIthinkeveryday.

{第7頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)賓語(yǔ)We

should

lend

a

helping

hand.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位語(yǔ)Idon’tknowaboutthewoman,Rachel.Idon’tknowaboutthefact

thatsheisawomen.第8頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞從屬連詞連接代詞連接副詞what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,why第9頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)Whowillwinthegameisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.ThefactisthatHannahandJayhavetiedtheknot..ThenewsthatJayChouhasmarriedisresounding.主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句第10頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)賓語(yǔ)從句第11頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)單句）主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句連詞從句主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)

主句（復(fù)合句）句子做賓語(yǔ)就是賓語(yǔ)從句第12頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)賓語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)1.that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句2.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句3.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。第13頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)一、賓語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)1.that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。Johnfeels(that)histeamisbetterthanothers.

很多人說(shuō)自己在夏天感覺(jué)更舒服。Manypeopleclaim(that)

theyfeelbetterinsummer.第14頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)第15頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)Showtime第16頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練1/4】

該表清楚地表明了歐洲國(guó)家之間存在顯著的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣差異。（劍3,T2,W）(···之間)存在著(····方面的)(````)差距/差異。1)主干：Therearedifferences.2)···之間:

between``and``;within``;(位于主干之后)3)···方面的:in```;about```;(位于主干之后)4)adj.明顯的：obvious;巨大的：significant,large;輕微的：slightThischartclearlyindicatesthat

therearesomesignificantdifferencesinspendinghabits

withinEuropeancountries.第17頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)Showmetheanswer【練1/4】

該表清楚地表明了歐洲國(guó)家之間存在顯著的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣差異。（劍3,T2,W）Thischartclearlyindicatesthat

therearesomesignificantdifferencesinspendinghabits

withinEuropeancountries.第18頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練2/4】該數(shù)據(jù)顯示發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之間在教育和科技上存在著極大地差別。（劍3,T3，W）Thisdatashowsthatthereareverylargeinconsistenciesineducationandscience

betweendevelopinganddevelopedcountries.第19頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練3/4】我同意在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生，教育和貿(mào)易等方面的改善對(duì)較貧困國(guó)家的發(fā)展來(lái)說(shuō)是必不可少的。（劍3，T4，W）Iagreethatimprovementsinhealth,educationandtradeareessentialforthedevelopmentofpoorernations.第20頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練4/4】那些反對(duì)男女同校的人認(rèn)為這樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致早戀，對(duì)他們的學(xué)習(xí)有害。(教育話(huà)題）co-education/mixedsexschoolpuppyloveHarmful/detrimentalThoseagainstco-education

holdthattheenvironmentwillprobablyleadchildrentopuppylovewhichwillthenserveasanobstacletotheiracademicachievement.第21頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)(1).Let’ssee____

wecanfindsomefood.(2).Sheaskedme---------

shecouldborrowthesebooks.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別

a.當(dāng)有ornot時(shí)就一定用whether.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIshouldmoveon.b.介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一定用whether.

IworryaboutwhetherIdiscourageyourconfidence.2.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句if/whetherif/whether第22頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)Showtime【練1/3】我們想知道人類(lèi)是否是宇宙中唯一存在的生命。(劍橋9test1)【練2/3】他來(lái)不來(lái)無(wú)關(guān)緊要?！揪?/3】許多專(zhuān)家懷疑英語(yǔ)是否應(yīng)該作為全球唯一的官方語(yǔ)言。Wewanttoknowwhetherwearealoneintheuniverse.Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifference.ManyexpertsdoubtwhetherEnglishshouldbeusedastheonlyofficiallanguage第23頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)3.由who,whom,whose,what,which和when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Doyouknow-----hesaidjustnow?Idon’tremember-------wearrived.Doyouknow-------

timetheplaneleaves?whatwhenwhat第24頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)Showtime1.Duringthecourseofthismorning,wehopetogiveyouaclearideaofwhatweofferinourtrainingprograms.2.Psychologistshavealsostudiedhowbeingcoldaffectsperformance.1.今天上午這段時(shí)間里，我們希望讓你們清楚地了解我們的培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目所開(kāi)設(shè)的課程。(劍2，T1，L)2.心理學(xué)家也研究了天氣寒冷如何影響人們的表現(xiàn)。(劍3，T3，R)第25頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)二、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序-----陳述語(yǔ)序。1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?1Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.2Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.√√第26頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)賓語(yǔ)從句在寫(xiě)作中的應(yīng)用第27頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)注意：用賓語(yǔ)從句表述觀點(diǎn)：認(rèn)為：

insist,maintain,hold,suggest,argue,支持：favor,propose,support,agree,advocate,(befor,beinfavorof)反對(duì)：object,oppose,(beagainst)SomepeoplearefullyconvincedthatSomepeopleassertthatSomepeopledeemthatSomepeoplearguethatSomepeopleclaimthat第28頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練1/4】有些人認(rèn)為旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展會(huì)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化產(chǎn)生一些負(fù)面的影響。Somepeopleholdthatthedevelopmentoftourismexertssomeadverseimpactontraditionalculture.第29頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練2/4】說(shuō)到教育，大部分人認(rèn)為其是終生的學(xué)習(xí)。Whenitcomesto…Themajorityof大部分人Whenitcomestoeducation,themajorityofpeoplethinkthatitisalife-timestudy.第30頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練3/4】大部分學(xué)生相信業(yè)余工作使他們有更多的機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展人際交往能力，而這對(duì)他們未來(lái)找工作是非常有好處的。interpersonalskillsThemajorityofstudentsbelievethatpart-timejobsprovidethemwithmoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirinterpersonalskills,whichmayputthemintofavorablepositioninthefuturejobmarkets.第31頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練4/4】越來(lái)越多的專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為農(nóng)民工對(duì)城市的建設(shè)起到積極作用，然而，越來(lái)越多的城市居民卻懷疑這種說(shuō)法，他們抱怨農(nóng)民工給城市帶來(lái)了許多嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，例如犯罪。AnincreasingnumberofexpertsFarmerlaborers第32頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練4/4】越來(lái)越多的專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為農(nóng)民工對(duì)城市的建設(shè)起到積極作用，然而，越來(lái)越多的城市居民卻懷疑這種說(shuō)法，他們抱怨農(nóng)民工給城市帶來(lái)了許多嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，例如犯罪。Anincreasingnumberofexpertsbelievethatfarmerlaborerswillexertpositiveeffectsoncityconstruction.However,thisopinionisnowbeingquestionedbymoreandmorecityresidents,whocomplainthatfarmerlaborershavebroughtmanyseriouspeoblemslikecrime.第33頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)主語(yǔ)從句第34頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)一.that和what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句二.whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句三.

who,which,when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)第35頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)一.that和what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句---that引導(dǎo)作用，不充當(dāng)成分，不能省略。What連接作用，在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。1.————————————iscertain.（我們將遲到了）2.________________________isknowntoall.(地球是圓的)ThattheearthisroundThatweshallbelate3)_____________ismorepractice.(我們所需要的）Whatweneedwhat在從句中作主語(yǔ)。第36頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)二.whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句是否，表不確定的事情.注意點(diǎn)：“if”不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句__________________________ishardtosay(他是否會(huì)來(lái)這）Whetherhewillcomehere第37頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)三.who,which,when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句

——————————------------———isunderdiscussion.WhenwewillbeginthemeetingWhen在從句中作狀語(yǔ)——————————------------———isstillunknown.Whowillultimatelywinthegame1.我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)還在討論中。2.誰(shuí)會(huì)最終贏得比賽仍是個(gè)未知數(shù)。第38頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)這是一種大規(guī)模的滅絕，我們能否挽回這種局面現(xiàn)在很難知道。(劍4，T2，R)amassextinction大規(guī)模的滅絕reboundfrom挽回It’samassextinction,andwhetherwewilleverreboundfromthelossisdifficulttoknow.Showtime第39頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)A:主語(yǔ)從句后置!

1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--3.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--

Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:

Itis+adj/nthat……(strange/apity…)Itis+v–edthat…..(…said/reported….第40頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練1/2】很多雇主可能喜歡利用兒童的服務(wù)，這是一個(gè)不幸的事實(shí)。（劍3，T3，W）Itisanunfortunatefactthatmanyemployersmayprefertousetheservicesofchildren.Showtime第41頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)Whowilldoit____beendecided(have/has)Whatheneeds__thatbook.Whatheneeds__somebooks.√isareB：主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可根據(jù)表語(yǔ)決定第42頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),

that在句子中不充當(dāng)成分，只起連接作用.

C：What與that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句(1)_____yousaidyesterdayisright.(2)_____sheisstillyoungisamazing.WhatThat第43頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練1/2】使語(yǔ)言瀕臨滅絕的不僅是語(yǔ)言使用人數(shù)，還有使用者的年紀(jì)。(劍4，T2，R)Endangered瀕臨滅絕的Whatmakesalanguageendangeredisnotjustthenumberofspeakers,buthowoldtheyare.Showtime第44頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto第45頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave第46頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)表語(yǔ)從句第47頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句位置：放在系動(dòng)詞之后,結(jié)構(gòu)：“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”。系動(dòng)詞：be,remain,seem，feel,look,smell,taste,turn,appear,keep,get,第48頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)ExampleItseemsthatitisgoingtorain.Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthemajorityofpeople.Oneadvantageofbeinganonlychildisthatthereislessarguingwithinthefamily.第49頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)注意：在表語(yǔ)從句中，表“是否”時(shí)，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。一般情況下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….

Thereasonisbecause/why…that….第50頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)在表語(yǔ)從句中，表“是否”時(shí)，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。Thequestionis________Iwanttobewithyou.A.that

B.if

C.when

D.whether第51頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)2.一般情況下，“that”不能省。Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what第52頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)3.Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….ItwasbecauseIloveyou.ThatwaswhyIamstillhere.第53頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….

Thereasonisbecause/why…Thereasonwhyhedidnotcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill第54頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Thereasonis_________Imissyousomuch.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what4.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what5.Thereasonwhyherefusesyouis___________.A.becauseyouaretoobeautifulB.becauseofyouaretoouglyC.thatyouaretoouglyD.foryouaretoougly第55頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練1/3】中國(guó)教育的最大變化就是，已經(jīng)有更多的人可以接受教育。（劍3,T1,S）ThebiggestchangeineducationinChinaisthatmoreandmorepeoplecanget/receivetheeducation.Showtime第56頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練2/3】早上學(xué)的另一個(gè)好處是孩子在社交方面發(fā)展更快。（劍4，G,TB,W）Anotheradvantageofgoingtoschoolatanearlyageisthatchildrendevelopfastersocially.第57頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)【練3/3】我的觀點(diǎn)是年輕人應(yīng)該受到鼓勵(lì)，去開(kāi)闊視野。（劍5，T2，W）Myview/idea/opinion/pointisthatyoungpeopleshouldbeencouragedtobroadentheirhorizons.第58頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)同位語(yǔ)從句第59頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)同位語(yǔ)從句1.跟在某些名詞后面，對(duì)該名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。常用名詞有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggest，order，demand，wish等第60頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)she,anEnglishteacher,likesherstudentsverymuch.Idon’tknowaboutthefact

thatsheisateacher.Hisplan,

buildingagardenonthesurfaceofsea,

isnotpractical.第61頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)e.g.1.要出國(guó)的這個(gè)消息，太讓人震驚了。ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadisastounding.2.多用that引導(dǎo)，無(wú)意義，不可省。第62頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)3.在havenoidea之后用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.第63頁(yè)/共74頁(yè)1.Manyboysaretooheavy./

Thefactworriestheirparentsalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasvisitingChina./

Weheardthenewslastnight.

Thefact

that

manyboysaretooheavyworriestheirparentsalot.Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueen