英語(yǔ)-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身含義1、can1）表示體力或腦力所產(chǎn)生的能力，意思是“能夠”Nobodycanstopthedevelopmentofscience.2）表示客觀的可能性，意思是“有時(shí)會(huì)”Youhadbettertakeacoatwithyou, itcanbeverycoldinthemountainsinsuchweather.Theweatherherecanbeashighas40℃.3）表示請(qǐng)求或建議，用could比can語(yǔ)氣更委婉，回答用原型回答。4）（用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中）表示猜測(cè)、懷疑或驚詫Howcan/couldyoubehere?你怎么會(huì)在這兒？Shecouldn,t/can,tbesostupidtodothat,她不可能蠢到去做那種事吧。5）Can，could和beableto的區(qū)別beableto①可用于各種時(shí)態(tài) Weshallbeabletofinishtheworknextweek.②側(cè)重于“克服一定困難”“經(jīng)過(guò)一定努力”“有能力”干某事Ican①表示現(xiàn)在的能力，只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)may和might1）表示請(qǐng)求允許（即請(qǐng)求別人允許自己做某事），might語(yǔ)氣更委婉；IwonderifImightaskyouafavor?IwouldliketaskaquestionifImay.2）表示給予允許（即自己允許別人做某事），通常用may;Youmaytellhimthis.3）may/might（just）aswell意思是“不妨，還是....為好”Iamready,soImightaswellgonow.4）May表示祝愿maysb+V/be+adjwishsb+nMayyoubehappy.3must1）表示“必須”：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑問(wèn)句，用于否定句時(shí)，mustn’t的意思是“一定不要，不能”表示禁止。Watermustbepureifitistobedrunk.2）表示“偏偏”：即某事就在某個(gè)當(dāng)緊的時(shí)候發(fā)生，多指不受歡迎的事；還可指主觀上的偏執(zhí)，即“偏，偏要”Thecarmustbreakdownjustwhenwewerestartingourholiday.AfterIgaveheradvice,shemustgoanddotheopposite.）must和haveto的區(qū)別①must側(cè)重說(shuō)話者的主觀看法，認(rèn)為有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事；haveto側(cè)重客觀需要，含有“不得不，被迫”之意。②must只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，haveto有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式shall,should,oughttoshallshall用于疑問(wèn)句，一三人稱(chēng)：征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，“要不要，????,好嗎？”ShallIgetachairforyou?shall用于陳述句，二三人稱(chēng)：說(shuō)話者的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等：Youshallhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.shall經(jīng)常用在法律、法規(guī)后，例如rules,agreement,contract,law等Accordingtotherules,studentsinthisschoolshallwearschooluniform.⑵Should和oughtto1）表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，意為“應(yīng)該”Weshould\oughttolearnfromeachother.2）表示建議或這勸告，意為“應(yīng)該”Youshouldgiveupsmoking.3）表示意外或驚訝，有時(shí)與why,who,how等疑問(wèn)詞連用，意為“竟然”Itisstrangethatheshouldcomesolate.4）用于征求意見(jiàn)：主要用于第一人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句ShouldIopen/oughtItoopenthewindow?5）表示謙遜或委婉，通常與like,love,think,say,imagine等動(dòng)詞連用Ishouldimaginethatitwilltakeaboutthreehours.will和wouldwill和would均可以表示意愿，will可以指現(xiàn)在的意愿，would用于指過(guò)去的意愿Hewilldoanythingexceptcook.HeaskedifIwouldshowhimtheway.Won't和wouldn’t均可以表示拒絕，前者用于現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)，后者用于過(guò)去；二者表示拒絕且主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，意思通常翻譯為“就是，總是”Hesaidthathewouldn,tlendmemoney.Thecarwouldn,tstartthismorning.3)表示委婉語(yǔ)氣，用于征求意見(jiàn)或提出請(qǐng)求。Willyoupleasepassmethepaper?4)與like,love,hate,prefer,beglad,behappy等連用，用來(lái)提出想法Iwouldliketomakeasuggestion.5)表示習(xí)慣或傾向，既可以指人也可以指物：will指現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would指過(guò)去的習(xí)慣Hewillalwayscomplainifhegetstheopportunity.That,sjustlikehim- hewouldlosehiskeys.6)表示執(zhí)意或堅(jiān)持：will用于現(xiàn)在，would用于過(guò)去Hewillcombhishairatthetable,eventhoughheknowsidon,tlikeit.7)Will還可以表示決心，許諾，指示，叮囑等Iwon,tleaveyou.Youdon,tneedtoworryaboutthis.need和dareNeed做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句Youneedn'tdoitagain.做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)，+todo/tobedone/doingdare:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：敢，用于都定居、疑問(wèn)句和if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句Dareyoutellthetruth?實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后+todoDoesshedaretogoalone?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)和可能性的用法(must > 意為“一定，一定是“只用于肯定句現(xiàn)在can 一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，can’t表示“不可能”could +doJ may ? 一般用于肯定句和否定句，maynot意為“可能不”I Imightfmusthavedone:一定已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事過(guò)去Jcan\couldhavedone：否定句和疑問(wèn)句：可能或不可能，肯定句：本來(lái)能做某事(而沒(méi)做)，1 may\mighthavedone:對(duì)過(guò)去的不肯定推測(cè)其他注意點(diǎn)：Can用于肯定句中表示客觀的或理論上的可能性Insuchbadweatheraccidentscanhappen.Should與oughtto表示按照常理推斷，不出意料的話可以得出推斷，意為“應(yīng)該”，“可能”，“按道理會(huì)”Itisnearlyseveno,clock,heshouldbehereatanytime.3)Will和would都可用于表示推測(cè)，will用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在，would用于談?wù)撨^(guò)去，也可以用來(lái)談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在，只是語(yǔ)氣比較委婉，不確定。Hewillbewaitingdownstairsnow.Youwouldn,ttellanyone,wouldyou?Oughtto/shouldhavedone:表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做某事而沒(méi)有做Oughtnotto/shouldnothavedone:竟然做了某事Ishouldhavewatchedthegame,butIwastoobusy.Needn’thavedone:不必做某事而做了Weneedn,thavesaidsorrytohim.Wouldhavedone:過(guò)去本來(lái)會(huì)Theywouldhavecome,butwedidn,tinvitethem.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的其他用法Cannot/never....too....無(wú)論怎樣.…都不過(guò)分Youcan,tbetoocareful.Youcanneverdotheworktoowell.canbut/canonly:只好，至多不過(guò)Wecanbutdoourbest.Wecouldbutstayuntilhelpcame.cannothelpbutdo,cannothelp/stopdoing:不得不，禁不住Ican,thelpbutlaughloudly.may/mightaswell:還是…的好Itistoolate.Youmightaswellnotgo.must表示偏執(zhí)、固執(zhí)Itcan,thelp.Hemustgowithus.沒(méi)辦法，他非要是艮著我們Whymustyoulistentohim?你為什么偏要聽(tīng)他的？will表示規(guī)律性的注定會(huì)Manwilldiewithoutwater.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十完成式用法例句musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為“想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定做了某事”。Itmusthaverainedlastnightfortheroadwasquitemuddy.canhavedone；cannothavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，意為“可能干過(guò)某事嗎？”“不可能干過(guò)某事”。Canhehavegonetohisaunt's?Hecannothaveforgottenit.

couldhavedone“已經(jīng)……”之意，此外，還可以表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性，意為“本來(lái)可以”。IsawMr.Wangjustnow.Hecouldn'thavegonetoBeijing.may/mighthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生行為的推測(cè)，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)（沒(méi)有）……”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中（在否定句中表示“可能不”），不用于疑問(wèn)句。用might則表示語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。It'stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Shemighthavecaughtacold.mighthavedone表示“本來(lái)可能……”，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事。另外，還可以表示“本來(lái)應(yīng)該或可以做某事”之意，含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。Youshouldnothaveswuminthatsea.Youmighthavebeeneatenbyfish.Youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp,thoughyouwerebusy.should/oughttohavedone用于肯定句時(shí)，表示本該做某事，而實(shí)際上未做，意為“本應(yīng)該”；用于否定句時(shí)，則表示不該做的事反而做了，意為“本不應(yīng)該”。Youshouldhavecometothemeetingearlier.Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.Youshouldn'thavetoldherthetruth.Heoughtnottohavetreatedhisparentslikethat.

表示做了本來(lái)不必去做的事，意Youneedn'thavetakenataxineedn't為“本沒(méi)必要做某事”而didn'there，foritwasveryneartomyhaveneedtodo則表示過(guò)去沒(méi)必要做house.Ididn'tneedtocleanthedone而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做杲事。windows.Mybrotherdidit.had用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的Youhadbetterhavestartedearlier.better口吻，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某Youhadbetternothavescoldedhave事”，其否定式hadbetternothaveher.donedone表達(dá)相反的含義。Iwouldratherhavetakenhiswould表示“寧愿做過(guò)某事”，其否定式advice.ratherwouldrathernothavedone表達(dá)Iraisedobjectionsatthemeeting，have相反的含義，兩者都表示后悔butnowIwouldrathernothavedone之意。donethat.wouldlike/表示過(guò)去愿意做某事，但未做Iwouldlovetohavegonetotheloveto成，意為“愿意做過(guò)某事”。partylastnightbutIhadtoworkhaveextrahourstofinishareport.done例題精講【2014】.（2014大綱全國(guó)卷,30,1分）AlthoughyoufindbargainsinLondon,it'snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.A.shouldB.needC.mustD.can.（2014重慶,3,1分）I,veorderedsomepizza,soweworryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.A.can,tB.darenotC.needn'tD.maynotA.can,tB.darenotC.needn'tD.maynot.（2014四川,6）1stillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymothertakemetoDisneylandatweekends.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.should.（2014江西,30,1分）Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest becometherichest.A.shallB.mustC.needD.might.（2014湖南,25,1分）一I,vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanwebringanythingwithus?A.can,tB.mustn,tC.shan,tD.needn't.（2014陜西,25,1分）Mybook,TheHouseofHades,ismissing.Whohavetakenit?A.needB.mustC.shouldD.could.（2014江蘇,31,1分川wassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,bringmefood.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could.（2014北京,27）Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon,ttakelong.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should［答案］1,D ［答案］2.C ［答案］3.C ［答案］4.D［答案］5.D 匿案］6.D ［答案］7.C ［答案］8.A鞏固加強(qiáng)（2013大綱，26,1分）Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hehavedonetheresearchonhisown.A.can B.must C.would D.need（2013重慶，26,1分）一WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday?一I’mnotsure,butIgototheRollingStonesconcert.A.must B.would C.should D.might（2013四川，5,1分）一Whyareyoureyessored?Youhavesleptwelllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.A.can,t B.mustn,tC.needn,tD.won,t（2013江西，29,1分）WhenIwasachild,IwatchTVwheneverIwantedto.A.should B.could C.must D.need（2013湖南，32,1分）Hesleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.A.wouldn,tB.shouldn,t C.couldn,t D.mustn't（2013陜西，21,1分）Thechildrenlostinthewoods;otherwise,theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.A.musthavegot B.mustget C.shouldhavegotD.shouldget（2013陜西，12,1分）Mymomsuggeststhatweeatoutforachangethisweekend.A.should B.might C.could D.would（2013安徽，34,1分/ bethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.A.may B.couldn't C.should D.needn't（2013天津，9,1分）Noonebemoregenerous;hehasaheartofgold.A.could B.must C.dare D.need（2013北京，35,1分）一Youneedn,ttakeanumbrella.Itisn,tgoingtorain.—Well,Idon,tknow.Itdo.A.might B.need C.would D.should（2013課標(biāo)II,6,1分）Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hehavedonetheresearchonhisown.A.can B.must C.would D.need（2013課標(biāo)I,29,1分）Thedooropen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.A.shouldn,tB.couldn,t C.wouldn,t D.mightn't［答案］1.B ［答案］2.D ［答案］3.A ［答案］4.B ［答案］5.C ［答案］6.A［答案］7.A ［答案］8.B ［答案］9.A ［答案］10.A ［答案］11.B ［答案］12.C課后作業(yè)【2012年】.（2012課標(biāo)?全國(guó)口，30）Iuseaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo,clockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.A.couldn,t B.mustn,t C.shouldn,t D.needn't.（2012全國(guó)口，17）I,mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifIfindthemoney.A.can B.might C.would D.need.（2012天津,8）It'squitewarmhere;weturntheheatingonyet.A.couldn,t B.mustn,t C.needn,t D.wouldn't.（2012江西，22）WehaveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon,tbewithusfordinner.A.maynot B.needn,t C.can,t D.mustn't.（2012陜西，23）Ithankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.A.won,t B.can,t C.can D.will.（2012江蘇,28）Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,butsaywherehewas.A.mustn,t B.shouldn,t C.wouldn,t D.mightn't.（2012遼寧，24）Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentwearschooluniformwhileatschool.A.might B.could C.shall D.will.（2012四川，19）IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIsaid“NiHao”,justasIdoinChina.A.must B.might C.can D.should.（2012重慶,25）—youinterruptnow?Can,tyouseeI,monthephone?—SorrySir,butit,surgent.10A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would［答案］1.DA.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would［答案］1.D［答案］6.C【2015年】［答案］2.A［答案］7.C［答案］3.C［答案］8.B［答案］4.B［答案］9.C［答案］5.B.（2015福建,27）—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,It,stoobad.Youhavemadefullpreparations.A.must B.can C.would D.should.（2015四川,2）Youbecarefulwiththecamera.Itcosts!A.mu