自考英語二重點(diǎn)講解復(fù)習(xí)資料匯總

此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除自考英語二復(fù)習(xí)資料第一章重點(diǎn)單詞擴(kuò)充講解：1.organizational:a組上由此我們可以聯(lián)想到organize:v組織；organization:n組織；organizer:n組者請看下列習(xí)題，選擇該組詞里恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：Lastweek,ourschool________aspringouting.Thetaskcallsforthehighest_________skill.ChinahasjoinedWorldTrade__________.Heisthe__________ofspeechcontest.Answers:organized,organizational,Organization,organizerobjective:n目；客觀，反義詞subjective:主的predict:v預(yù)、預(yù)示；由此我們可以聯(lián)想到prediction:n預(yù)；predictable:a可測的；predictor:n預(yù)家4.simplify:v簡由此我們可以聯(lián)想到simple:a簡的；simply:ad簡單地，僅僅地；simplification:n簡化；simplified:a被化的。Exercisesfortheabovewords:Themachineis_____inoperationbutcomplexinstructure.Shakespeare’sRomeoandJulietintheoriginalisbeyondourcapacitywhile____editionisquiteeasy.Thereisnopointinarguingaboutit,becauseitis_______aquestionofprocedure.4).The______ofworkingprocessfreedtheworkersfroheavylabor.Answers:simple;simplified;simply;simplification5.tendency:n趨、傾向tendv傾向…，tendtodoe.g.oldpeoplehavethegettingfatter.Oroldpeopletendgetfatter.6.managerial:a經(jīng)的、經(jīng)上的；由此我們可以聯(lián)想到管理；management:n;manager:n經(jīng)者者manageable:a可理的、可經(jīng)營的。只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除7.argue:v爭、爭論，常用固定搭配withabout/oversth由于事而同某人爭論；arguesbintodoingsth說某人做事；arguesbofdoing說服某人不要做某事。e.g.1>.Theyoungcouplealwaysarguewitheachotherovertheirchildeducation.2>.Iarguedhimoutofgoingonadangerousjourney.define:v給下定義；definition:n定義profitability:n賺，獲利由此我們可以聯(lián)想到profit:n利潤；profitable:a有可圖的有好的；profitless:a沒利潤的。Hehasmadea_____fromrunningsmallrestaurant.Thedealwas______toallofus.Theyvalued_______differently,whichledtodisagreementastothecorrectnessofdecision.Answer:profit,profitable;profitability.n正性；字correct:確的；v糾，correction:n糾；incorrect:a不確的。unintended:a非劃中的，由此我們可以聯(lián)想到intend:v打算，計(jì)劃intention:n；intended:計(jì)劃中的課文難句講解、分析1.Adecisionachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.(p1)譯：決策就是從幾種可以選擇的做法中作出選擇。分析：該句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)madefromamongalternativecoursesactionthatare是過去分詞短語做定語修飾achoice;其thatareavailable是定語從句修飾coursesof像這樣一環(huán)修飾一環(huán)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)在英文中很普遍，因此為了看懂句子大家必須學(xué)會分析。這是個(gè)英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中很重要的能力！2.Thereasonformakingadecisionisthatproblemexists,goalsorobjectivesarewrong,orsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem.(p1)譯：做出決策的原因是因?yàn)榇嬖趩栴}，目標(biāo)或目的有錯(cuò)誤，或者有某種東西防礙著它們的實(shí)現(xiàn)分析又主系表結(jié)構(gòu)引三個(gè)并列的表語從句problemexistsobjectivesarewrong；③somisstandingthewayofaccomplishing。短語：makeadecision:做出決策；standintheway:阻、防礙只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除3.Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleavelittleaspossibletochance,butsinceuncertaintyisthere,riskaccompaniesdecisions.(p2)譯：通常管理者必須對未來的情況做出最佳預(yù)測，從而使偶然性盡可能少地發(fā)生，但因?yàn)椴淮_性總是存在，所以決策常伴隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。分析：前半句是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)whatwillbe是at的賓；aslittleaspossible做leave的賓語；since引原因狀語從，相當(dāng)于because.4.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnotobemade.(p3)譯：如果沒有選擇，就不會有決策。分析：這是一句很簡單的條件狀語從句，但它有一個(gè)很重要的考點(diǎn)tobe。是動詞不定做定語修飾decision，有將來意味。比如Thequestiontobediscussedtodayishowtodivideworkamongourselves.5.Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.(p3)譯：對于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律以及慣例等因素制約。分析：這句話的考點(diǎn)是basedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthe。樣是過去分詞短語做定語修飾constraints中組base…on以…為基礎(chǔ)。如filmbasedonshortstorybyJackLondon.6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)譯：但是這種簡化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的方法。分析：該句主語thetendencyto，謂語blinds;them是語tosimplify是語，修飾the；otheralternatives是補(bǔ)。其中短語blindsbto使看不見…；weshouldn’tletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.7.individuals(andorganizations)frequentlydifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestmayonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4--6)譯因個(gè)（組織關(guān)如達(dá)到目的常有不同的觀點(diǎn)種是最優(yōu)的選擇可能要看是誰做出策。分析：這是一個(gè)由引的原因狀語從句。其中howtothegoals做介about的賓，whomakesthedecision做詞on的語。8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanbuttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersondepartmenttodepartment.(p72--4)譯：其中有一些目標(biāo)比其它的更重要，但其順序和重要程度因人和不同的部門而異。只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除分析：請注意比較級moreimportant詞組：varyfromperson譯中文：因人異，可以推出：因季節(jié)而異varyfromseasontoseason….9.Whenpresentedwithcommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5--7)譯當(dāng)對同一件日常事情時(shí)銷售經(jīng)理傾向于看銷售問題生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理則會看生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的問題等等。分析：前半部分為?？純?nèi)容，它是when過分詞短語，構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語部分。其中詞組：bepresentedwith=befaced當(dāng)面對…Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave..10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)譯：人們經(jīng)常假設(shè)一項(xiàng)決策是孤立的現(xiàn)象。分析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單：主謂賓（從句）。其中=imagine;isolated:adj孤的。phenomenon:n現(xiàn)；復(fù)數(shù)變化特殊phenomena自考英語二復(fù)習(xí)資料第二章重單、組講1.interview:n/v采訪、面試；interviewer:n采訪者；interviewee:n被訪者e.g.1>.Who'sthemostfamouspersoninterviewedonTV?2>.InaTVinterviewlastshesheintentionofresigning.2.criticism:n批評評論；v批；critical:a批評的、挑剔的、關(guān)鍵的critic:n評家請?zhí)羁础?gt;Heisaliterary>Weareata_______timeinourhistory.>Hecan'ttake________.>Theboywas______byhisfatherbeinglateforAnswers:critic,critical,criticism,criticizedindifference:n冷、漠不關(guān)心indifferent:冷的，反義詞：enthusiastic:熱情的cf:different:不的，名difference;反義詞：same.inefficiency:n無，由此聯(lián)想得到：efficient:a高率的；efficiency:inefficient:a低效率的只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除conservative:a保的、保存的；conserve:v保存；conservation:napplytosbforsth:向某人請某物e.g.Thestudentappliedtotheforavisa.7.takethetroubletodosth:不辭勞苦、費(fèi)力地做某事e.g.IfyoutookthetroublelistentoIwassaying,you'dknowIwastalkingabout.8.putoneselfinsomebody'splace:身處地…Ifyouputyourselfinyourmother'splace,youunderstandwhysheissoworriedaboutyou.9.inhand:手上有，進(jìn)行中I'vegotenoughmoneyinhandtoanewcar.10.turndown:調(diào)，降低，拒絕TurndowntheTV,forthebabyissleeping.Heturneddownthejobbecausethepayisn'tgoodenough.課難分1.Thekeywordsherearepreparationconfidence,whichwillcarryyoufar.（）譯：這里的關(guān)鍵詞是準(zhǔn)備和自信，它們將使你前程遠(yuǎn)大。分析：whichwillcarryyoufar非限定性定語從句，修飾preparationandconfidence。另請注意：key關(guān)鍵的；preparation是prepare的詞confidence:n信。Confident:a有心；self-confidence:自心。2.Findoutallyoucanaboutthejobyouareapplyingforandtheoriginationyouhopetoworkfor.(p4)譯：了解你所申請的工作和你希望為之工作的組織。分析：youareapplying定語修飾thejob;youhopetowork定語修飾theorigination。詞組：applytosbforsth向人申請什么。3.Itshowsanunattractiveindifferencetoemployerandtoyourjob.(p6)譯：它表明你對雇主和你的工作的態(tài)度冷漠，不感興趣。分析：主語shows謂；unattractiveindifference賓語；toyouremployerandtoyourjob間接賓語。Showtosb=showsbsth.另，請注意indifference:冷漠漠視。4.Hewantssomebodywhoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandrealinterestinthejob.(p7)只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除分析：whoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestthe全都是定語，修飾somebody。意介詞表示帶有。。；haveinterest對有興趣。5.Anythingthatyoufindoutabouttheprospectiveemployercanbeusedtoyouradvantageduringtheinterviewtoyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyouhopetoworkfor.(p8)譯：你找到的任何有關(guān)未來雇主的信息在面試中都能為你所用，以表示你費(fèi)了心思去掌握一些于你希望為其工作的人的事實(shí)。分析：從這個(gè)句子的長度大家也能看出這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句。主體結(jié)構(gòu)為anythingbetoadvantage.thatyoufindoutabouttheprospective是語從句；duringtheinterview語；toshowyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyoutofor是目的狀語；youhopetowork是另外一個(gè)定語從句修飾thepeople.詞：advantage:對你有利；worksb為人作。6.Donotbeaskforclarificationofsomethingthathassaidduringtheinterviewifyouwanttobesurewhatwasimplied,butbepolite.(p10)譯：面試中如果你想確切地知道某些話的含義，不要害怕請對方解釋清楚，但一定要有禮貌。分析：基本句型notbetodosth;要害怕去做某事askforclarification要澄清；thathasbeensaidduringtheinterview語，修飾something;was賓；bepolite:其中do為了調(diào)，如dobecareful!doHedoeslieto7.Haveletterinvitingyouaninterviewreadytocasethereisanydifficultyincommunication.(p16)譯：拿邀請你面試的通知書以防萬一交談出現(xiàn)困難時(shí)顯示。分析：這是一個(gè)祈使句。Have動，拿著the賓invitingyouforaninterview現(xiàn)分詞做定語；readytoshow狀；casethereisanydifficultycommunication條狀從句；詞組：thereissomedifficultyinsth/doingsth在…方面有困難。如WehavesomedifficultyspeakingEnglishfluently.8.Thereislittlelikelihoodthatapaneloffivewantstogothroughtheprocessofallshakinghandswithyouinturn.(p20)譯：由五個(gè)人構(gòu)成的專門小組幾乎不可能輪流與你握手。分析：這句話的重點(diǎn)在于thatapanelfiveantstogothroughtheprocessofallshakinghandswithyouinturn是一同位語句，是對littlelikelihood的解。其中l(wèi)ikelihood:n可性，相當(dāng)于possibility;gothrough經(jīng)歷；inturn:輪。只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除9.Wouldyoumindrephrasingthequestion,please?(p23)譯：您介意換個(gè)說法來問這個(gè)問題嗎？分析：考點(diǎn)minddoing如WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?語法：介紹as的關(guān)用法as是一乍一看簡單，但實(shí)際英語中用法很復(fù)雜的小詞。從詞類上講，可以用作介詞、副詞連詞以及關(guān)系代詞；從語法功能角度來看，可以構(gòu)成介詞賓語，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，時(shí)間狀語從句，式狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，比較狀語從句和定語從句。此外as還出現(xiàn)在很多固定搭配中，如：asif,asthough,aslongas,asto,asfor,soto,etc.請看下列例,并請分析出的具體用法。IworkasanEnglishinmiddleschool.Runasfastasyoucan.Youngasheis,heknowsmorethanI.JustasIwasleaving,thetelephonerang.PleasedoasIhavetoldyou.AsIamtheoldestchildinmyfamily,oftheotherchildren.Suchpeopleasyouhavedescribedarerarenow|自考英語二復(fù)習(xí)資料第三章astronomer:n天學(xué)家；astronomy:天文學(xué)explode:v爆,由此聯(lián)想：explosive:爆炸性/n炸藥；explosion:爆1).Whenthebomb______,manypeoplewereseriouslywounded.Theunexpected________frightenedthelittlegirl.Itmightbetoconvert_____energyintoheat.Answers:exploded,explosion,explosive3.density:密；聯(lián)想產(chǎn)生dense:a密度的，反義詞：sparse;densely:ad高度地；densely-populated人稠密的；sparsely-populated人稀疏的1).The____fogthetravelersfromfindingthecorrectdirection.Thebusinessareaofthecityis_____populated.Thisliquidhasamuch____than只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除Answers:dense,densely,density4.shrink:v收、退縮、縮Asaresultofcarelesswashing,thejackethasshrunktochild'ssize.Thegirlshrinksatthesightofblood.5.measurement:n衡量、測量；由此聯(lián)想：measure:n措施v衡、測量measurable:a可量的，可測量的Wemusttake_____toprotectourenvironment.Wehavecomewithin______distanceofsuccess.Clocksgiveusa______oftime.Theretherainfallis______notininchesbutinfeet.Answers:measures,measurable,measurement,measuredimplication:n含、暗示imply:v暗basis:n基礎(chǔ)根據(jù)，由此可以聯(lián)想得到：base:底；以…底，為根據(jù)basic:a基的，根本的；basically:ad根本來,IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youmusthaveasolid______.Thefurnitureofoutdormreally_____:twobeds,twoandtables.Thechargesarefalsefortheyarenot______onprovenSincenobetterplancanbewetoadoptthe____workableone.Answers:basis,based,basically8.observatory:n天文臺；由此可以聯(lián)想得到：observe:v觀察observation:n觀察observer:n察家9.convincing:有說力的，使人信服的convince:v使信服；convinced:a感有說服的，常見搭配：convincesbconvincesbthatHegaveusaconvincingHeconvincedmefhissincerity.operate:v運(yùn)、操作、動手術(shù)operationn手，操作；operator:操者researchinto對…進(jìn)行研究SheisresearchingintocuresforAIDS.12.swallowup:吞沒、耗盡Manysmallbusinesseshavebeenswallowedupbylargecompanies.只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除13.applytosb/sth：適用于人某事，請對比：applytosbforsth向人申請某事applyAtoB將A應(yīng)于BYoushouldapplywhatyouhavelearnedwork.Iappliedtohimforanewjob.Thestudymethoddoesn'tapplytoeveryoneAnalyzetheimportantsentencesamongthe1.Well,it'sdifficultanswerthisquestion,sincethetermswewouldnormallytodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.(p1)譯：哦，這個(gè)問題很難回答，因?yàn)槲覀兺ǔＳ脕砻枋鲆环N科學(xué)現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)有術(shù)語在這里不夠用。句子分析：it是式主語toanswerthisquestion是句子主語；since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句wewouldnormallyusetoascientificphenomenon是定語從句，修飾terms;inadequate:不充分的，不合格的。2.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatblackholeisaregionofspacenotathingintowhichmatterhasandfromwhichnothingcanescape---notevenlight.(p1)譯：天文學(xué)家和科學(xué)家認(rèn)為黑洞是一個(gè)空間區(qū)域，而不是一個(gè)物體，物質(zhì)會掉進(jìn)黑洞而沒有物可以從中逃脫出來，即使是光也不行。句子分析：into和which引兩個(gè)定語從句，介詞into和fall搭；from和escape搭配。這種介詞which的定語從句的形式請多注意。3.Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirincreasestoaparticularpoint.(p2)譯：（關(guān)于黑洞形成的）理論就是一些星球的密度增長到某個(gè)特定的點(diǎn)就會爆炸。句子分析：這是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)句that來引導(dǎo)表語從句，不可省略。其中又包含一個(gè)when導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。aparticularpoint是到某一個(gè)特定的點(diǎn)的含義。4.Butifthestarisverylarge(muchbiggerthanoursun)thisprocessofshrinkingmaysointensethatablackholeresults.(p2)譯：但如果星球很大（比我們的太陽還要大得多），其收縮過程可能很劇烈，以致于產(chǎn)生了黑。句子分析：這是一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，so…that表如此…以致，是結(jié)果狀語從句。如：sotiredthatIcanevensleeponmywayhome.5.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofmarble,butstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull,andyouoftheforceofablackhole.只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除譯：假想一下地球收縮到彈球兒那么大，但仍具有同樣的質(zhì)量和更強(qiáng)的吸引力，你就會對黑洞力量又某種概念。句子分析：該句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為imagine….and……實(shí)上相當(dāng)于ifimagine…,youwillhavesomeidea…..這句子結(jié)構(gòu)在年的考試中曾出現(xiàn)過。請記?。浩硎筧nd+陳句if引的條件狀語從句。如：Hurryupandyoucancatchthelasttrain!另外，該句還有兩個(gè)定語成分reducedtothesizeofamarble和havingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull用來飾the前者為過去分詞，而后者為現(xiàn)在分詞。詞組：havesomeideasth對有了解6.Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunresearchintoblackholes.(p3line13--14)譯：只是近來科學(xué)家才開始對黑洞進(jìn)行具體的研究。句子分析：本句的核心結(jié)構(gòu)為itis…that的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語onlyrecently。詞組intosth對…進(jìn)行研究。7.Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfrombinarystarsystems.(p4)譯：有關(guān)黑洞最有說服力的證據(jù)來自對雙星體系的研究。句子分析：該句主語evidence，語comesfrom賓語intobinarystarsystems。Themostconvincing是語，修飾evidence.中請注意convincing:令人信服的，通常修飾物的形容詞多以ing結(jié)尾而修飾人的-ed結(jié)尾。如：Ifeelexcitedafterhearingthesurprisingnews.8.Matterfromtheonewhichwecanseeisbeingpulledtowardsthecompanionstar.(p4)譯：我們所看到的星球的物質(zhì)正在被吸引到伴星去。句子分析：主語matter;謂isbeingpulled這是一個(gè)進(jìn)行被動語態(tài)；towardsthecompanionstar介詞賓語；fromonewhichcan定語。9.Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.(p5line4--6)譯：另一方面，科學(xué)家也提出有一天高科技會利用黑洞的力量為人類服務(wù)。句子分析請意在本句中suggest不是建議的含義是指出指的意思advanced高級的先的；makeuseofsth利…，該詞組可以拓展成makeuseof好好以利用makefulluseof充加以利用。只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除10.Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesintotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofapaceandtime.(p5)譯：他們展示給我們一個(gè)不同于我們自己的世界運(yùn)行方式的世界，并對我們最基本的時(shí)空經(jīng)驗(yàn)出了質(zhì)疑。句子分析：這個(gè)句子復(fù)雜在于：which引導(dǎo)的很長的定語從句，特別注;operatev操inway以某種方式；different同…不同question:v質(zhì)，問。自考英語二復(fù)習(xí)資料第四章Learnnewwordsandphrases1.resolve:旋，常見搭配系為resolvearoundsb/sth圍…轉(zhuǎn)。hespendsallofhertimeresolvingaroundherfamily.heearthresolvesaroundthesun.2.solar:太陽，日光的solarenergy太能solarsystem太系solarmonth陽歷月3.concerned:有的、擔(dān)心的Herjobissomethingconcernedwithcomputer.Heisconcernedabouttheresultoftheexam.4.colored:有的，對比；colorful:豐富彩的Ilikeorange-coloredcoat.Everybodylikescolorfullife.5.religion:n宗，religious:虔的；請對比region:n地區(qū)regional:地區(qū)6.circumstance:n情況境；Undernocircumstancescanwewastetime.7.agreatmany=aof=很多，修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。而greatdealof+u.nAgreatmanystudentsareabsentIhavewastedagreatdealoftime.8.aboveall:首先首要Afterthewar,helongedabovealltoseehiswifeand只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除9.asarule:通、一般而言Asarule,Ionlywatchsportsnews.Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext:1.Firstofall,letusconsidertheearthasaplanetrevolvingaroundthesun.譯：首先，讓我們把地球看作是圍繞太陽運(yùn)行的一顆行星。句子分析：firstof首，組considersthas把…當(dāng)作…，與之類似的詞組還有l(wèi)ookupsthassth;sthassth;treatsthas…;revolvingaroundthesun現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾aplanet。2.Thesenineplanets,togetherwithupwhatisoursolarsystem.(p1)譯：這九大行星和太陽一起構(gòu)成我們所說的太陽系。句子分析：該句主語為：Thesenineplanets；謂語是makeup；whatiscalledoursolarsystem是賓語；togetherwiththe是狀語，而并非句子主語。關(guān)于該語法內(nèi)容請見本講后面的主謂一致。3.Howthiswonderfulsystemandwhatkeptitwithsuchwonderfulaccuracyislargelyamystery……(p1)譯：這個(gè)奇妙的星系是怎樣起源的？什么使它保持極其精確的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，很大程度上現(xiàn)在還是一個(gè)。句子分析也是一個(gè)主語很復(fù)的句子thiswonderfulsystemstartedandwhatitwithsuchwonderfulaccuracy是主語，它是一個(gè)主語從句。關(guān)于該語法內(nèi)容請見本講后面的grammar---主謂一致。4.Thetotalwaterareaisaboutthreetimesaslargeasthelandarea.(p4)譯：水域的總面積大約是陸地面積的三倍大。句子分析：該句的核心句型是A+be+倍數(shù)+as+adj+as+B.e.g.TheAtlanticOceanasbigasthePacificOcean.5.Thesecurrentsareimportantbecausetheyaffectedclimateofthelandareasclosetowheretheyflowandalsobecausecarrylargequantitiesofmicroscopeanimalandvegetablelifewhichformsalargepartthefoodforfishes.(p5)譯：這些海洋之所以重要是因?yàn)樗麄冇绊懼鹘?jīng)區(qū)域的附近陸地的氣候，也是因?yàn)樗鼈償y帶量的微生物，植物，而這些構(gòu)成魚類食品的一大部分。句子分析：這是一個(gè)由引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句，其中closetowherethey是語，修thelandareas；組largequantitiesofc.n/u.n;whichformsalargepartofthefor是定語從句修飾andvegetable。其中l(wèi)ife是指生命，不可數(shù)名詞。只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除6.Thecircumstancesunderwhichdifferentpeoplelivemakeadifferencebetweentheinwhichtheyliveandthewayinwhichwelive,anditoughttobeourbusinesstotrytounderstandthosedifferentcircumstancessothatwecanbetterunderstandpeopleofotherlands.(p8)譯：不同民族的生活環(huán)境造就了他們和我們極為不同的生活方式，我們應(yīng)該做的是去了解他們同的生活環(huán)境以便可以更好理解其他地區(qū)的人們。句子分析句中的underwhichin又介詞which的定語從句用法飾Thecircumstances和theway；that引導(dǎo)的時(shí)的狀語從句。其中makediference;使…不同，產(chǎn)生差異business是指責(zé)任；7.Aboveall,weshouldavoiddecidingwhatwethinkaboutpeopledifferentfromourselveswithoutfirsthavinglearnedagreatdealaboutthemandthekindoflivestheytolive.譯：其中很重要的實(shí)在沒有對于與我們不同的人們和他們必須過的那種生活有大量的了解之前我們應(yīng)該避免對他們有先入為主的看法。句子分析Above是語，意思是最重要的，首先we主；avoid謂語whatwethinkaboutpeopledifferentfromourselves語；withoutfirst…狀語differentfromourselves是定語，修飾people;havinglearned動名的完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示這個(gè)動作早于發(fā)。要詞組：aboveall;avoiddoing;greatdeal8.Itistruetosaythatthemoreweaboutotherbetterweunderstandtheirideasandasarule,thebetterwelikethosepeoplethemselves.譯：確實(shí)我們了解其他人越多，我們就越能理解他們的觀點(diǎn)，通常我們就更喜歡那些人。句子分析：該句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為：themore…themore…thebetter意：越…就越…；如：Thelongeryoukeepthiswine,thebetterittastes.Thebusieram,thehappierIam.主一主謂一致是指句中的主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上須保持一致。我們一般遵從三個(gè)原則：語法一致的原則：是指主語為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，其謂語動詞要與其相呼應(yīng)。意義一致的原則：指謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面的語法標(biāo)志主要表現(xiàn)為某些集體名詞后可跟動詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集體名詞指整體概念時(shí)，謂語動詞用數(shù)；指具體成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。3、就原則：是指謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它最近的詞語，而無須考慮其他的詞。主謂一致的熱點(diǎn)1．由manya或+單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除ManyaforeignerhasbeentheGreatWall.Morethanonestudenthastheexhibition.2．“……的幾分之幾”和“……的百分之幾”作主語時(shí)，其謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后的詞。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.40percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.3．“anumber+名詞數(shù)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；“thenumberof+名復(fù)數(shù)”作主，謂語用單數(shù)。Anumberofpupilslikereadingpicture-books.Thenumberofthestudentsourclassis55.4．并列主語如果指的是同一人同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，這時(shí)and后的名詞前沒有冠詞。ThesecretaryofthePartybranchanddirectorofthatfactoryoftenworkswiththeworkers.5．成對的名詞，如breadandbutter涂油的面包sodaand汽，coffeemilk加奶的咖啡，aimandend目的，saltandwater開水等，雖然有連接，但仍表單一概念，作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Aknifeandforkisontable.6．由and連的并列單數(shù)主語前面分別有each,every或no修飾，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。NostudentandnoteacherisinvitedtheInourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhasrighttoreceiveeducation.7．主語是單數(shù)，其后跟有with,alongwith…一)，aswellas；)，than和…一樣，而不)，以及with,not,like,but,except,besides,including等引起的短語時(shí)，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。HeaswellashissisterisaLeaguemember.8．在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who,that,which,語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。I,whoamyourteacher,willteacheverythingknow.9．主語是一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如clothes,trousers,glasses,compasses,scissors,shoes,socks,gloves等，謂語用復(fù)。但這類表示成雙的東西的名詞前有aof修時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Mytrousersarebeingwashednow.Thereisapairofshoesinthebox.10．表示度量、價(jià)格、時(shí)間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞組作主語時(shí)一般被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。Tendollarsisnotenough.只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除Threemonthshassinceheleft.11．主語是以-ics結(jié)尾學(xué)科名詞以及news,works工廠等都屬形式復(fù)數(shù)，而意義單數(shù)的名詞，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。另外means一詞復(fù)數(shù)同形應(yīng)視具體情況而定。MathematicsseemstobedifficulttoAnewmeansofteachingisbeingusedinthatschool.12．主語是用作書名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。TheUnitedadeveloped13．主語是team,group,crowd,committee等合詞時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體待，謂語用單數(shù)形式，如指的是全體人員時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Hisfamilyareallmusic14．“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)詞+定語句”之前有theonly,thevery,the等限定詞和修飾語時(shí)定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Sheistheonlyoneofthesewomenwhoplaystheviolin.15．主語是疑問代詞what,which,定代詞all,more,most,any,none等及名詞half,part,therest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視情況而定。HalfofthevisitorsarefromEurope.Halfofthefruitisbad.16．主語是表示數(shù)量的“anda+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。主語是“oneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfbananasonthetable.Thereareoneortwothings‘dtoabout.17．the+形容詞或分詞作主語，如指一類人。其謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，如指抽象概念，其謂語用單數(shù)。如：ThericharenotalwaysThenewissuretoreplacetheold.18．由notonly…butalso,…nor,either…or,not…but以or連接并列主語，謂語動詞要與最靠近它的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。Notonlyyourfather'sfriendsbutalsoyourfatherlikessmoking.19．在倒裝句中以及在Therebe…構(gòu)中，如主語是并列的，謂語動詞往往和其后面的第一個(gè)主語取得數(shù)上的一致。Whereisyourmotherandyoungersister?只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除Thereisapen,twopencilsandfivebooksthedesk.20．動名詞或動詞不定式作主語，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。Whenandwheretobuildthefactoryisnotdecidedyet自考英語二復(fù)習(xí)資料第五章Learnnewwordsandphrases1.weaken:v削、減弱，字weak:a弱的構(gòu)詞形式：adj/n+en或+adj/n=vShorten,enlarge,enable,loosen,tightenetc.2.nationwide:a全范圍的，通過該詞我們可以得到worldwide:全世界范圍的，regionwide,3.legal:a合法，反義詞：illegal,合法的legalize:v使合法化。TheNetherlandsbecamefirstcountrytolegalizeeuthanasia.4.ensure:v確、擔(dān)保，常用法如下：Thepolicecanthewitnessfromdanger.Wecanensurethattheworkwillbedoneintherightway.5.oppose:v反、對抗；名opposition,形容詞opposedWhathesaidwastotallytothefacts.Manypeoplebuildingnewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost.6.tradition:傳，由此可以聯(lián)想到：traditional:a;traditionally:ad;反義詞為modern_____Chinesemedicineisbelievedtobeeffectiveformanydiseases.It'simportanttokeepupthefine____plainlivingandhardwork.Christmasis____aholidayforafamilytogettogether.Answers:Traditional,tradition,traditionally7.consideration:n考、體諒、照顧，由此可以聯(lián)想到：Consider:v考；considerate:a體的beconsiderateof;considerable:a相多的。請練習(xí)一下：Losing30poundschangedherappearance_____.Itisvery____ofyoutosendmebirthdaycard.只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除Thematterisreceivingtheserious____oftheHeleftbehindhima____amountofdebt.Answers:considerably,considerate,consideration,considerable8.disabled:a殘的，傷殘的，由此可以聯(lián)想到：able:a有力的；beabletodo沒能力的；enable:v使人夠enablesbtodosth;ability:能；v使人殘疾Aslongastheyarephysically____,theytendtoliveontheirown.The_____tobeclearlyheardisextremelyimportantforanyspeaker.I'dliketogotothecinema,butI'm_____to.Educationshould____everydevelopmorally,intellectuallyandphysically.5).Acaraccident____himfromfootball.6).Specialcareshouldbegiventothe______.Answers:able,ability,unable,enable,disabled(v),disabled(a)prohibition:n禁、禁令，prohibit:prohibitsbfromdoingsth;sensitive:a敏的，besensitivetosb/sth;同根詞sensible:a明的，sensibleofsthIamsensitivetoyourcriticism.It'ssensibleoftoadecision.Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthe1.Affectedwithaseriousdisease,VanWendelwasnolongerabletospeakknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.(p2)譯：因患有嚴(yán)重的疾病Wendel也不能清楚地講話了，他知道他已經(jīng)沒有康復(fù)的可能，其病情正在迅速惡化。句子分析：Affectedwithaseriousdisease過去分詞短語做原因狀語，可以改寫成原因狀語從句：becausehewasfectedwithaseriousdisease,….外，therewasnohope和thathisconditionwasrapidly都動詞的賓語。詞組beaffectedwith患…疾病。如：Allthecowsinthefarmareaffectedwithmad-cowhopeofrecovery:康復(fù)的希望2.VanWendel'slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionhis只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除doctorwerefilmedandshowedonTVlastyearintheNetherlands.(p3)譯VanWendel在他的醫(yī)生給她行最后結(jié)束生命的那一陣之前的后三個(gè)月的生活被拍成了電影并于去年在荷蘭的電視上首次播映。句子分析該的主語較長were之前均是其中核心名詞VanWendel'slastthreemonthsoflife，后面的beforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhis是名的被動語態(tài)做定語film這里當(dāng)動詞用，拍電影。3.Theprogrammehassincebeenby20countriesandeachtimeitshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.(p3)譯：這個(gè)節(jié)目此后被二十個(gè)國家所購買。每次放映，都引起一場關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的全國性的大討。句子分析：這是一個(gè)常考句子?？键c(diǎn)一since:adv從那以后；考點(diǎn)二eachtime是詞作時(shí)間狀語，前面不用介詞；考點(diǎn)三：debateon關(guān)于…的討論。4.However,doctorscarryouteuthanasiaunderstrictguidelinesintroducedbytheDutchParliamenttwoyearsagoareusuallynotprosecuted.(p4)譯：然而，在荷蘭議會兩年前提出的議案的指導(dǎo)原則下執(zhí)行安樂死的醫(yī)生，通常是不會被起訴。句子分析：該句核心內(nèi)容有三點(diǎn)：carryout…實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；under在…原則下under是按照，根據(jù)的意思introducedbytheDutchParliamenttwoyears是去分詞短語做定語，修飾guidelines。5.Shoulddoctorsbeallowedtothelivesofothers?(p5)譯：醫(yī)生應(yīng)該被允許去結(jié)束他人的性命嗎？句子分析句主要核心內(nèi)容是動詞的被動語態(tài)態(tài)動+be+動過去分詞hotdays,flowersmustbewateredeveryday.6.CicelySaunders,PresidentofNationalHospiceandamemberofthemovement,arguesthateuthanasiadoesn'ttakeintoaccountthattherearewaysofforthedying.(p8)譯：C.S是國家收容所委員會的席和收容運(yùn)動的發(fā)起人，認(rèn)為安樂死并沒有考慮到照顧臨終病人有多種方式。句子分析：主語CicelySaundersPresidentoftheNationalHospiceandaofthehospicemovement是語的同位語，謂語后面是一個(gè)賓語從句，而其中又包括一個(gè)小的語從句。重要詞組：takeaccount=sthinto將考慮在內(nèi)。如：whenjudging只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除performance,don'ttakehisageintoaccount.另一詞組：carefor關(guān)某人。7.It'sveryeasyinsocietynowforthethedisabledandthedependenttofeelthattheyareburdens,andthereforethattheyoughttooptout.(p8)譯：這很容易使老人們，殘疾人和依靠別人生存的人感覺到他們是負(fù)擔(dān)，因此應(yīng)該選擇離開人。句子分析：該句it是式主語真正的主語是動詞不定式tofeelthattheyareburdens,thereforethattheyoughttoopt。外還請注意theelderly,thedisabledthedependent是屬于+adj所構(gòu)的固定達(dá)方式于elderlypeopledependentpeoole,是復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此若作主語句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Inourcountry,theoldaretakengoodcareofbytheyoung.詞組：optout選放棄。如：thinkI'lloutthegame.8.Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingisdyingpeoplehaven'ttheright.(p9)譯：那些反對安樂死的人是在告訴我們將死的人們沒有這種權(quán)利。句子分析：乍一看，這是一個(gè)簡單句子，但若仔細(xì)分析，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是一環(huán)套一環(huán)的結(jié)構(gòu)。子主體結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是：Whatthosearemeisthatdyingpeoplehaven'ttheright.主語是一個(gè)主語從句Whatthosepeoplearetellingme表語一個(gè)表語從句thatdyingpeoplehaven'tthe另，whoopposeeuthanasia定語，修飾thosepeople;請注下列幾詞的用法：oppose:v反；dyingpeople即將死去的人們haverighttodosth有權(quán)力去做某事。9.Buttherearesituationswheredeathisafriend.(p9)譯：但是在一種情況下死亡是朋友。句子分析：該句唯一的考點(diǎn)為where;此它引導(dǎo)定語從句，相當(dāng)于in關(guān)定語從句的關(guān)系詞選擇的問題，主要取決于先行詞在從句中所作成分，請對比：Thehouse??whichheboughtlastyearThehousewherehewasbornisveryoldnow.Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthisverybig.10.ThefilmshowingCeesVandeathwasbothmovingsensitive;…h(huán)iswifehadonlyherhusband'sinterestsatheart.(p10)譯：顯示CVW之的電影既感人又敏感，他妻子的心里只有丈夫的利益。句子分析：這是一句曾出現(xiàn)于國考中的句子。考點(diǎn)showingVanWendel's。是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語，修飾thefilm;詞組havesthatheart:對十分關(guān)心，將…放在心上Heisselfish,andhehasbuthisowninterestatheart只供學(xué)習(xí)交流用此文檔來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除自考英語二復(fù)習(xí)資料第六章Learnnewwordsandphrases1．statistics:n統(tǒng)數(shù)字；keepstatistics;statistical:a統(tǒng)的statistician:n計(jì)員2.diplomat:n外家，由此聯(lián)想得到：diplomacy:n外，外交手腕diplomatic:a交的；請對比diploma:文憑3.exploit:開、開采、剝，由此聯(lián)想得到：exploitabl