Unit4重難點(diǎn)解析及練習(xí)

Unit4HesaidIwashard-working【單元目標(biāo)】1．單詞與短語evermadanymoresnackmessagesupposehard-workingnervoussemesterworsttruedisappointingluckycopyhersdecisionstartinfluencepeaceborderdangerfirstofall首先passon傳遞besupposedto被期望或被要求......dobetterin在......方面做得更好beingoodhealth身體健康reportcard成績單getover克服；恢復(fù)；原諒openup打開carefor照料；照顧haveapartyforsb.為某人舉行一次聚會bemadatsb2．目標(biāo)句型：轉(zhuǎn)述他人話語Whatdidsb.say?HesaidI…Shesaidshe…Theysaid…3．語法直接引語和間接引語【重難點(diǎn)分析】直接引語和間接引語（一）直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語；用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內(nèi)，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。1.時(shí)態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動詞said，asked等的影響而使用過去化的時(shí)態(tài)，即把原來的時(shí)態(tài)向過去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)等。例如：Tomsaidtome,“Mybrotherisdoinghishomework.”→Tomsaidtomethathisbrotherwasdoinghishomework.2.人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等等的變化；根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化。例如：SheaskedJack,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”→SheaskedJackwherehehadbeen.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.（二）直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，都使用陳述語序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌?，所以變成間接引語時(shí)所用的連詞會有所不同。1.陳述句的間接引語陳述句由直接引語變間接引語，通常由that引導(dǎo)，可以省略。“Iwanttheblueone.”hetoldus.“我想要蘭色的。”他說?！鶫etoldusthathewantedtheblueone.他說他想要蘭色的。Shesaidtome,“Youcan’tsettleanythingnow.”她對我說：“此刻你無法解決任何事情?！薄鶶hetoldmethatIcouldn’tsettleanythingthen.她對我說那時(shí)候我無法解決任何事。2.疑問句的間接引語直接引語如果是疑問句，變成間接引語后，叫做間接疑問句。間接疑問句為陳述語序，句末用句號，動詞時(shí)態(tài)等的變化與間接陳述句相同。引述動詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow,inquire。間接疑問句一般有三種：(1)．一般疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，由whether或if引導(dǎo)。如：“HasheeverworkedinShanghai?”Jimasked.“他在上海工作過嗎？”吉姆問。→Jimaskedwhether/ifhehadeverworkedinShanghai.吉姆問他是否在上海工作過?！癈anyoutellmethewaytothehospital?”Theoldmanasked.那個(gè)老人問：“你能告訴我去醫(yī)院的路嗎？→TheoldmanaskedwhetherIcouldtellhimthewaytothehospital.那個(gè)老人問我是否能告訴他去醫(yī)院的路。(2).特殊疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，仍由原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：“Whichroomdoyoulivein?”Heasked.“你住哪個(gè)房間？”他問我?！鶫easkedmewhichroomIlivedin.他問我住哪個(gè)房間?！癢hatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”Sheasked.她問“你怎么看這部電影？”→Sheaskedherfriendwhatshethoughtofthefilm.她問她的朋友怎么看這部電影。(3).選擇疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，由whether/if…or引導(dǎo)。如：“IsityourbikeorTom’s?Mumasked.媽媽問：“這是你的自行車還是湯姆的？”→Mumaskedwhether/ifitwasmybikeorTom’s.媽媽問這是我的自行車還是湯姆的?！癉oesyoursisterlikebluedressesorgreenones?”Kateasked.“你妹妹喜歡蘭色的裙子還是綠色的？”凱特問。→Kateaskedwhether/ifmysisterlikedbluedressesorgreenones.凱特問我的妹妹喜歡蘭色的裙子還是綠色的。3.祈使句的間接引語當(dāng)祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，間接祈使句的引述動詞常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句變成帶to的不定式短語。如：Jacksaid,“Pleasecometomyhousetomorrow,Mary.”杰克說：“瑪麗，明天請到我家來?！薄鶭ackaskedMarytogotohishousethenextday.杰克請瑪麗第二天到他家去。Theteachersaidtothestudents,”Stoptalking.”老師對學(xué)生們說：“不要講話了?！薄鶷heteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.老師讓學(xué)生們不要說話了?！癉on’ttouchanything.”Hesaid.“不要碰任何東西?！彼f?！鶫etoldusnottotouchanything.他對我們說不要碰任何東西。4.動詞時(shí)態(tài)和代詞等的變動(1).某些代詞，限定詞，表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞和個(gè)別動詞在間接引語中的變化規(guī)則如下：直接引語間接引語todaythatdaynowthen,atthatmomentyesterdaythedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,/intwodaysnextweek/monthetcthenextweek/monthetclastweek/monthetctheweek/monthetc.beforeheretherethisthatthesethosecomegobringtake(2).如果引述動詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，則間接引語中的動詞時(shí)態(tài)，代詞，限定詞和表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞不用變化。而如果引述動詞是過去時(shí)，以上內(nèi)容就要有相應(yīng)變化。變化情況如下：現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過去的時(shí)間，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)；“Ifeelbettertoday.”Hesaid.“我今天感覺好多了?！彼f。→Hesaidthathefeltbetterthatday.他說他那天感覺好多了?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)；“XiaoMingisdoingsomewashing”Mumsaid.“小明正在洗衣服。”媽媽說?！鶰umsaidthatXiaoMingwasdoingsomewashing.媽媽說小明正在洗衣服。練習(xí)I.Putthefollowingintoreportedspeech.1.“Inmostcountriesredstandsfordanger.”SaidMr.Jackson.2.“Youmustleaveamessageforyourmother.”SaidTom.3.“Areyoubeingattendedto,sir?”Heasked.4.“ShallIcarryyourbagforyou?”Maryasked.5.“Doyouknowhername?”MyfriendJackaskedme.6.“Whereisthenearesthospital?”Johnasked.7.“Don'tlookoutofthewindowwhenyouhaveclasses.”O(jiān)urteachertoldus.8.“Makegooduseofyourtime.”Mr.Liadvised.9.HeaskedLiYing“WereyouwatchingTVatthistimeyesterday?”10.Heaskedme,“Whendidyouseethefilm?”II.Pleasechangethefollowingsentencesfromindirectspeechintodirectspeech.11.BettyaskedmeifIhadbeenathomethedaybefore.Bettyaskedme，“______athome___?”12.Shesaidthatshehadbeenbackforaweek.Shesaid，“_________foraweek.”13.Mr.SmithsaidthatJohnhadtoldhimallaboutitthreeweeksbefore.Mr.Smithsaid，“John______allaboutitthreeweeks___.”14.Theteacheraskedhisstudentwhyshehadmadesomanymistakesinthetestthattime.Theteacheraskedhisstudent，“Why______somanymistakesinthetest__time?”15.Theteacheraskeduswhetherwewereready.Theteacheraskedus，“_________?”16.Theteachertoldhernottobelateanymore.Theteacher______her，“______lateanymore!”17.Mydoctortoldmenottoreadinbed.Mydoctor______me，“______inbed.”18.LiuYingtoldmethatshewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.LiuYingsaidtome，“______help___with___English.19.Doyouknowwhatfactoryhisfatherworksin?Whatfactory___hisfather___in?Doyouknow?20.Themonitortoldusthatweweregoingtohaveameetingthenextday.Themonitorsaid,“We______tohaveameeting___.”III.ReadingManhasalwayswantedtofly.Someofthegreatestmeninhistoryhavethoughtabouttheproblem.Oneofthese,forexample,wasthegreatItalianartist,LeonardodaVinci.Inthesixteenthcenturyhemadedesignsformachinesthatwouldfly.Amongthesedesignstherewasactuallyoneforahelicopter.Therewasalsoanotheroneforaparachute(降落傘).Butthesethingswerealldesigns.Theywereneverbuilt.Throughouthistory,otherlessfamousmenhavewantedtofly.AtypicalexamplewasamaninEngland800yearsago.Hemadeapairofwingsfromchickenfeathers.Thenhefixedthemtohisshouldersandjumpedintotheairfromatallbuilding.Hedidnotflyveryfar.Instead,hefelltothegroundandbrokeeveryboneinhisbody,ThefirstrealstepstookplaceinFrance,in1783.Twobrothers,theMontgolfiers,madeaverylarge"hotairballoon".Theyknewthathotairrises.Whynotfillaballoonwithit?Theballoonwasmadeofclothandpaper.InSeptemberofthatyear,theKingandQueenofFrancecametoseetheballoon.Theywatcheditcarrytheveryfirstairpassengersintothesky.Thepassengerswereasheep,achickenandaduck.Wedonotknowhowtheyfeltaboutthetrip.Butwedoknowthatthetriplastedeightminutesandthattheanimalslandedsafely.Twomonthslater,twomendidthesamething.On21November,PilatredeRozierandtheMarquisaArlanderoseaboveParisinasimilarballoon.Theirtriplastedtwenty-fiveminutesandtheytraveledabouteightkilometers.21.Inthesixteenthcentury,__________wasbuilttohelpflyinthesky.A.ahelicopterB.parachuteC.designsformachinesD.nothing22.Themanwithapairofwingsfromchickenfeathers_________.A.flewveryfarB.flewashortdistanceC.realizedhisdreamD.felltothegroundanddied23.The“hotairballoon”couldflybecause__________.A.hotairrisesB.itismadeofclothandpaperC.there'saballoonwithitD.it'sverylarge24.On21November,PilatredeRozierandtheMarquisaArlanderoseaboveParis_______.A.inthesameballoonasasheep，achickenandaduckwereonceinB.inacompletelydifferentballoonC.inanother“hotairballoon”D.inahelicopter25.Thebesttitleforthispassageis“_____________”.A.TwoBrothers，TheMontgolgiersB.HotAirBalloonsAndWingsMadeFromChicke