跨文化交際復(fù)習(xí)

本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——跨文化交際復(fù)習(xí)ClassificationofInterculturalCommunication(1)Internationalcommunication:

alwaystakeplacebetweennationsandgovernmentratherthanindividuals.quiteformal.

E.g.iftheChineseChairmancommunicateofficiallywiththeAmericanpresident.

(2)Interracialcommunication:

occurswhenthesourceandreceiversexchangemessagesarefromdifferentraces.

E.g.ifanAfricanAmericaninteractswithawhiteAmerican.(3)Inter-ethniccommunication:

referstocommunicationbetweenpeopleofthesamerace,butdifferentethnicbackground.

E.g.ifaTibetancommunicateswithaHan.(4)Inter-regionalcommunication:

refertotheexchangesofmessagebetweenmembersofthedominantculturewithinacountry,butdifferentregions.E.g.InChina,ifnorthernerinteractswithasoutherner.

Whatarethethreefactorsthataffectthestudyofinterculturalcommunication?Social-culturalelements

VerbalelementsNonverbalelements

Unit2

Case1P23

(1)WhatdoyouthinkoftheKoreanstudent’sbehaviorinclass?Acommonculturalmisunderstandinginclassesinvolvesconflictsbetweenwhatissaidtobedirectcommunicationstyleandindirectcommunicationstyle.InAmericanculture,peopletendtosaywhatisontheirmindsandmeanwhattheysay.Therefore,studentsinclassareexpectedtoaskquestionswhentheyneedclarification.

(2)WhydidthestudentsfromMexicoreadilyadoptthetechniquesofaskingquestionsinclass?

MexicanculturesharesthispreferenceofstylewithAmericancultureinsomesituations,andthat’swhythestudentsfromMexicoreadilyadoptedthetechniquesofaskingquestionsinclass.However,Koreanpeoplegenerallypreferindirectcommunicationstyle,andthereforetheytendnottosaywhatisontheirmindsandtorelymoreonimplicationsandinference,soastobepoliteandrespectfulandavoidlosingfacethroughanyimproperverbalbehavior.Asismentionedinthecase,tomanyKoreans,numerousquestionswouldshowadisrespectfortheteacher,andwouldalsoreflectthatthestudenthasnotstudiedhardenough.

1.CharacteristicsofCulture(1)Cultureislearned.(2)Cultureisdynamic.

(3)Cultureguidespeople’sbehavior.(4)Alargepartofcultureisunconscious.2.TheNatureofCulture(1)CultureisLikeanIceberg(2)CultureisOurSoftware

(3)CultureisLiketheWateraFishSwimin(4)CultureistheGrammarofOurBehavior3.TheFunctionsofCommunication

(1)Allowyoutogatherinformationaboutotherpeople.(2)Helpfulfillinterpersonalneeds.(3)Establishpersonalidentities.(4)Influenceothers.

4.Classificationofcommunication

(1)Intermsofwhocommunicateswithwhom,whetheritishumanbeings,animalsormachinesHumanCommunicationAnimalCommunicationHuman-animalCommunicationHuman-machineCommunication

Machine-to-machineCommunication

(2)DependingonthenumberofpersoninvolvedincommunicationIntrapersonalcommunication(內(nèi)向傳播)Interpersonalcommunication(人際傳播)Organizationalcommunication(組織傳播)Masscommunication(群眾傳播)(3)Two-waycommunication

Communicatorscanseeeachotherandcanmonitoreachother’sbehavior.

Direct/Face-to-FaceCommunication(4)One-waycommunication

Communicatorscannotseeeachotherandcannotmonitoreachother’sbehavior.

Indirect/DistanceCommunication5.ElementsofCommunication

Context,Participants,Messages,Channels,Noise,Feedback

Unit3

1.Whyisoneculturedifferentfromanother??Perception(howwesensetheworld)?Belief(whatwebelieveastrue)

?Value(asystemofcriteriaknownasrulesandguideposts)2.Howtoclassifydifferentcultures?

1).Hofstede’sCulturalValueSystemCulturalDimensions?Individualism-collectivism個(gè)人主義與集體主義?Uncertaintyavoidance不確定性規(guī)避?Powerdistance權(quán)力距離

?Masculinity-femininity剛?cè)嵝?男性度和女性度?Time-orientation時(shí)間導(dǎo)向

Individualism-collectivism個(gè)人主義與集體主義Case1:

RichardisanengineerfromtheUnitedStates.InJapanhehadanevenlesspleasantexperiencethoughhethoughthehadhandleditwell.Anumberofseriousmistakeshadoccurredinaprojecthewassupervising.Whilethefaultdidnotliewithanyoneperson,hewasasupervisorandatleastpartlytoblame.Ataspecialmeetingcalledtodiscusstheproblem,poorRichardmadeanefforttoexplainindetailwhyhehaddonewhathehaddone.

?Hewantedtoshowthatanybodyinthesamesituationcouldhavemadethesamemistakeandtotacitlysuggestthatheshouldnotbeblamedunduly.Heevenwenttothetroubleofdistributingmaterialswhichexplained