環(huán)境生態(tài)學（雙語）智慧樹知到答案章節(jié)測試2023年青島科技大學

任務(wù)一測試Traditionalecologyincludes().

A:Population

B:Community

C:Ecosystem

D:Organism

答案:ABCDExperimentshavesomeelementsincommon，including().

A:Randomization

B:TreatmentGroups

C:Alltheabove

D:ControlGroups

答案:ABCDThestudyofenvironmentinfluenceontheevolutionoforganisms.Naturalselection,evolutionofpopulationsis().

A:Communityecology

B:Landscapeecology

C:EvolutionEcology

D:Behavioralecology

答案:CThestudyofhowgroupsofindividuals(belongingtothesamespecies)grow(orshrink)andreproduce.Dependingonthenatureofthespecies,manyfactors(foodavailability,competition,predationetc.)mayaffectpopulationgrowthis().

A:Communityecology

B:Landscapeecology

C:Ecosystemecology

D:Populationecology

答案:DAecosystemconsistsoftwobasicinteractingcomponentsofBioticandAbiotic.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:A任務(wù)二測試Inahydrologiccycle,thereareprocessosof().

A:Infiltration

B:Precipitation

C:Interception

D:Groundwaterrecharge

答案:ABCDWhatfactorsdeterminethepopulationgrowth?（）

A:emigrationrate

B:immigrationrate

C:birthrate

D:deathrate

答案:ABCDFreshwaterishyperosmotic.()

A:錯

B:對

答案:BSaltwaterishypoosmotic.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:Bwhenasystemdeviatesfromthenormalordesiredstate,mechanismsfunctiontorestorethesystembacktothatstate，itiscallednegativefeedback.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:B任務(wù)三測試Assumeapopulation,att=0,populationsizeisN(0),ratioofpopulationsizechangeinoneyeartothesizeoftheproceedingyear.Thismodelis().

A:geometricgrowthmodel

B:logisticgrowthmodel

C:linergrowthmodel

D:exponentialgrowthmodel

答案:ATheproportionsofeachindividualineachageclassisagestructure.()

A:錯

B:對

答案:BThepurposeoflifetableistoprovideaclearandsystematicpictureofmortalityandsurvivalwithinapopulation.Canalsobeusedtosimulatepopulationsizechange.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:BIntrinsicrateofincreasecanNOTbeestimatedfromthelifetable.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:BBirthrateandsurvivorshipdeterminenetreproductiverate.()

A:錯

B:對

答案:BThenumberofindividualsofapopulationtheenvironmentcansupportisCarryingcapacity.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:A任務(wù)四測試InteractionsbenefitbothspeciesisMutualism.()

A:錯

B:對

答案:BBenefitone,butdonoharmonanotheriscommensalism.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:AArelationshipoftwoorganismslivingtogether(symbiosis)andonederivesitsnourishmentattheexpenseoftheotheriscalledParasitism.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:ATwoconsumerssharethesameresource,eachreducestheavailabilityofresourcesoftheother.Itiscalledcompetition.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:ADynamicsofconsumer-resourceinteractionsreflectmutualevolutionaryresponses.()

A:對

B:錯

答案:A任務(wù)五測試PopulationsarelimitedbythesingleresourcethatismostscarcerelativetodemandiscalledLiebig’slawofminimum.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:AThetheoryofcompetitionandcoexistenceisanextensionoflogisticgrowthmodeliscalledLokta-VolterraModel.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:ASpaceisNon-renewableresource.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:BLokta-VolterraModelisderivedfromlogisticgrowthequationandaddinfluenceofanotherspecies(acompetitioncomponent.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:AInterspecificcompetitionreducestheequilibriumlevelofapopulationbelowthecarryingcapacity.()

A:對

B:錯

答案:AThetheoryofcompetitionandcoexistenceisanextensionoflogisticgrowthmodel(Lokta-VolterraModel).（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:BUnstablesituation,bothinhibitinadensitydependentmanner.Dependingoninitialdensity,eithercanmakeotherextinct，competitioncangoeitherway.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:AEachspeciesinhibitsitsownpopulationgrowthmorethancompetitor.Neithercaneliminatecompetitor,itiscoexistence.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:AAsymmetriccompetitioncanNOToccurwhendifferentfactorslimitthepopulationsofcompetitors.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:BThereare（）possibleoutcomesofinterspecificcompetition.()

A:three

B:One

C:four

D:Two

答案:C任務(wù)六測試Manypredatorandpreypopulationsincreaseanddecreaseinregularcycles.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:ALotka-VolterramodelcanNOTbestabilizedbypredatorsatiation.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:AConsumer-ResourcesystemcanhaveONLYonestablestate.()

A:錯

B:對

答案:AFactorscanINCREASEoscillationofpredator-preymodels.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:BThereisacyclicalriseandfallinboththepredatorandpreypopulationswithtime.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:AAsurprisingpredictionofthepradationmodelisthatincreaseinrofpreygrowthleadstoanincreaseinpredatorpopulation,nottheprey.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:AAnincreaseinthebirthrateofpreyincreasesthepredatorpopulation,butnothepreypopulation.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:BConsumer-Resourcesystemcanhavetwoormorestablestates.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:APathogen-hostdynamicscanbedescribedbyS-I-Rmodel.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:AThechangeinpredatorandpreypopulationstogetherfollowsaclosedcyclethatcombinestheindividualchangesinthepredatorandpreypopulation,itiscalledjointpopulationtrajectory.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:B任務(wù)七測試Agroupofspeciesthatcoexistinaspaceandtimeandinteractwithoneanotherdirectlyorindirectlyiscalledcommunity.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:BPlaceswheremanyspeciesreachtheedgesoftheirdistributionsiscalledEcotons.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:ATheindirecteffectsofconsumer-resourceinteractionsextendthroughadditionaltrophiclevelsofacommunityiscalledTrophiccascade.（）

A:對

B:錯

答案:AAspeciesthathasadisproportionate不成比例impactonthecommunityrelativetoitsabundanceiscalledKeystonespecies.（）

A:錯

B:對

答案:BRelativeabundancemeanscountingallindividualsofeachspeciesinanumberofsampleplotswithinacommunityanddeterminingwhatpercentageeachcontributestothetotalnumberofindividualofallspecies.()

A:錯

B:對

答案:BSpeciesrichnessmeansnumberofspecieswithinthecommunity.()

A:對

B:錯

答案:AEnergyflowwebmeansconnectionsbetweenspeciesarequantifiedbythefluxofenergybetweenaresourceanditsconsumer.()

A:對

B:錯

答案:AFunctionalwebmeansinfluenceonthegrowthrateofotherspeciespopulation.()

A:錯

B:對

答案:BConnectednesswebemphasizefeedingrelationshipsamongspecies,portrayed描繪aslinksinfoodweb.()

A:錯

B:對

答案:B任務(wù)八測試Theprocessofgradualand(seemingly)directionalchangeinthestructuralofthecommunitythroughtimeiscalledSuccession.()

A:對

B:錯

答案:APrimarysuccessionoccursonnewlyexposedsubstrates.()

A:對

B:錯

答案:AMonoclimaxhypothesisviewcommunityasahighlyintegratedsuperorganism,theprocessofsuccessionrepresentsgradualandprogressivedevelopmentofcommunitytoultimateorclimaxstage.()

A:錯

B:對

答案:BSuccessionbecomesself-limitingasitapproachestheclimax.()

A:對

B:錯

答案:ASuccessionisaseriesofchangesleadingtoastableclimax,whosecharacterisdeterminedbylocalenvironment.Onceestablished,abeech-mapleforestperpetuatesitself,anditsgeneralappearancechangeslittledespiteconstantreplacementofindividualswithinthecommunity.()

A:對

B:錯

答案:A任務(wù)九測試Bioticcommunityandabioticenvironmentfunctioningasasystem.Includesorganism-complexandwholecomplexofphysicalfactorsiscalledecosystem.()

A:對

B:錯

答案:ARatioofcarbonfixed(photosynthesis)perunitofwaterlost(transpiration)iscalledWaterUseEfficiency.()

A:錯

B:對

答案:BTheratioofdrymatterproductiontotheassimilationofaparticularnutrientelement,usuallyexpressedasgramspergramiscalledNutrientuseefficiency(NUE).()

A:錯

B:對

答案:BStandingcropbiomassisamountofaccumulatedorganicmatteri