2022-2023年寧夏回族自治區(qū)中衛(wèi)市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題(含答案)

2022-2023年寧夏回族自治區(qū)中衛(wèi)市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

InthefirstyearofChina'sentryintoWTO,0.3%ofChina'sactualGDPgrowthwillbesubmittedtothisorganizationasstatedby______.

2.

Bodypartsthatgatherfatarecompletelydifferentinmaleandfemale.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Mr.TataretiredpeoplerunningthemainTatabusinessesinorderto______.

A.mitigatetheblow

B.sellstakesinsomecompanies

C.strengthencontrolofcompanies

D.makethemanagementofportfolioeasier

4.InternetUsersTurnAddicts

Ifyou'reanInternetuser,youknowwhoyouare.Theyareamongallofusinsociety,althoughmanymaychoosenottoacknowledgethattheytoo,frequentlyusetheInternet.AsIsithereandlookacrossthestreet,Iseeamaninfrontofhisowncomputer;thescreenglowingagainstthewindowbehindhim.Hedoesnotusehispersonalcomputerforwork,heisafarmer.Hehasbecomewhatisknownasan"InternetJunky".

Theaddictionbeginsinnocently.Atthestart,youarenotevenawareofthepossibilitiesthatmayform.fromyourexcessivecomputeruse.Youbegintotakeanavidinterestine-mailingwithyourfriendsandfamily.Oncethenoveltyofkeepingintouchwithyourcolleagueswearsoff,andresearchingstartstoboreyou,youmaypossiblyexpandyourcomputerusagetochatting.Yes,chatting.Itissomethingthatisbecomingmoreacceptableinourlives,butitisstilllookeddownuponbymanyskeptics.ChattingthroughtheInternetinvolveschoosinganappropriatenicknameforyourself—forexample,Fisherman—andthenfindingaroomwhereyoufeelcompelledtospendtimein.Onceyou'veenteredtheroom,otherfellowchattersmaysay,"Hello...a/s/1(age/sex/location)please."

Andsobeginstheaddiction.Onceyoubecomeinvolvedinmeetingpeopleonline,itisdifficulttobreaksuchahabit.Youmayevenmakeadailyhabitofit.Peoplehavebeenfoundtocarryoutexactlythesamebehavior,notonlyacrossthenation,butacrosstheglobe.Inanyoneroom,youmaycomeacrosspeoplefromfivedifferentcountriesoftheworld.Granted,noteveryonewhostaysonlineforhoursonend,areenvelopedinchatting,butitismoreoftenthannot,thecauseforInternetAddictionDisorder(IAD).

TheprevalenceofInternetAddictionDisorderhasbeenincreasinginnumber,henceasupportgroup,amongmanytheInternetAddictionSupportGroup(IASG)hasbeendeveloped.IAD,a"maladaptive"patternforInternetuse,isleadingtoimpairmentand/ordistresscausedbythree(ormore)ofthefollowing,atanytimeinaperiodofoneyear:

-AneedformarkedlyincreasedmountsoftimeonInternettoachievesatisfaction;

-MarkedlydiminishedeffectwithcontinueduseofthesameamountoftimeonInternet;

-ReductioninInternetusewhichhasbeenprolonged.

SymptomsofInternetAddictionDisorderinclude:

-Psychomotoragitation;

-Anxiety;

-ObsessivethinkingaboutwhatishappeningonInternet;

-FantasiesordreamsaboutInternet;

-Voluntaryorinvoluntarytypingmovementsofthefingers.

Thesesymptomsbegintocauseconflictinsocial,occupational,oranotherimportantareaoffunctioning.Peoplewhobecomeaddicted,usetheInternettorelieveoravoidwithdrawalsymptoms,whicharesimilartothosebroughtonbythehaltofdruguse.Thedisorderisrecognizedbythe"persistentdesire"or"unsuccessfulefforts"tominimizetheInternetuse.

OnJune14,1998,ABCnewsreportedthatan"Internetcrazed"Cincinnatiwomanwasarrestedforneglectingherthreeyoungchildren.Thewomanreportedlyspent12hoursstraightonline,whileherhungrykidswerelockedawayinaroomsoshecouldbeonlinewithoutinterruption.

TheInternetisrapidlybecominganaddictivesourcetoalotofitsusers.UsersoftheInternetinclude:students,housewives,andbusinessprofessionals.Someoftheseusersspendaminimumofthirty-eighthoursperweekonthe"net";hence,losingtouchwithrealityandreekinghavocontheirstudies,familylives,andeventheircareers.Basedonlevelofaddiction,therearethreegroupsofInternetaddicts:

-the"I'm-not-addicted-users";

-the"I-only-use-it-when-I-have-to-users";

&nb

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Ababybeginstolaughandbecomesacomparativelysophisticatedcreaturewhenheisattheageof______.

6.Theauthor'sexperienceinBangkokshowsthat______.

A.therestoftheworldprovestobeextremelyrisky

B.peopleshouldnotbeafraidofvisitingothercountries

C.thelocalsareunawareofthesecretpoliticalprotests

D.thenewshelpspeoplestayawayfromdangerousplaces

7.

Theloud,distinctivenoisesofgenuinelaughteroftenmakeitspreadmorequicklyto______.

8.

ThomasMalthuswasanAnglicanclergyman.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

ThelargestnumberofrainforestsintheworldarelocatedontheAfricancontinent.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.Ifyouwanttogiveupajobwholesale,youshouldevaluate______fromit.

11.

Whyareapplicationsincreasing?Answer:______.

12.Theoriginofhydroelectricpoweristhe______producedwhenwaterobeysthelawsofgravity.

13.

Verifyingthecorrelatesofimmunityisthekeyto______.

14.

Intheearly1860's,moreChinesewereshippedtoCaliforniatoworkas______.

A.goldminersB.railroadbuildersC.steelworkersD.farmhands

15.

Scientistshaveexertedgreateffortstosearchotherplanetsforanylifeforms.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.AccordingtoMs.Brookover,researchinginthestacksandonlinearedifferentbecause______.

A.peopledonotwalkintothelibraryanylonger

B.peopledonotphysicallyholdingthearticle

C.peopleofsenseofauthoronline

D.everythingcanbelongtoyoueasilyonline

17.

Afteryoukeyinthemaximumamountforanitem,eBaybidsforyouuntilthebiddingreachesthe_______________.

18.

Aswearestillignorantofmillionsofuniquelifeformsintherainforest,deforestationcanbecomparedtothedestructionof______.

19.

VirtuallyallpatientschoosetotoleratesideeffectswhenconfrontedwiththechoicebetweendyingfromHIV-AIDSandsideeffects.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

TheearliestlargeGreeklibraryisbuiltbyPtolemyI.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B2】

22.(34)

A.Thecabcompany.

B.Thenumberofthecab.

C.Thenameofthedriver.

D.Nothing.

23.(22)

A.They'rewillingtotakerisks.

B.Theyhavetong,termfinancialplans.

C.Theyseldomgooninstinct.

D.Theybuyfewstocks.

24.(25)

A.Someonespilledwateronit.

B.Someonelostit.

C.Itwasmadeoflowqualitymetal.

D.Thestandardformeasuringhadchanged.

25.(36)

A.TheydrankaspecialbeveragemadefromJapaneseherbs.

B.Theyhaduncookedfishthenightbeforethegame.

C.Theyhadamassagefromheadtofoottorelaxtheirmuscles.

D.Someplayerswereinjuredbeforethegame.

26.

【B10】

27.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Weofferallkindsoftoursandexcursions.Doyouhaveanythingparticularinmind?

W:Notreally,we'djustliketoseethelocalsightsandhaveanEnglish-speakingguide.Itwouldbegoodiftheyweresomeonelocaltoo.Myhusbandisinterestedinthelocalstoriesandfolklore.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmentionasoneofherpreferences?

(13)

A.Localstories.

B.Englishscenery.

C.Anexcursion.

D.Scottishfolklore.

28.(26)

A.BecauseSamisalawschoolstudent.

B.BecauseSamisherbestfriend.

C.BecauseSamisherclassmate.

D.BecauseSamhassomefreetime.

29.(29)

A.TheRepublicanPartyhasalwaysbeensupportedbytheDemocraticParty.

B.TheDemocraticPartyisassociatedwithfreeenterpriseintheeconomy.

C.TheDemocraticPartyisthemainopponentoftheRepublicanParty.

D.TheRepublicanPartyhasneverlostthepresidency.

30.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Doyoulikedancing?

M:AsaruleIdo,butfranklyIdon'tgoinforthesenewdances.

Whatdoesthemanmean?

(15)

A.Newdancesdon'tinteresthim.

B.Hedoesn'tunderstandtherulesofdancing.

C.Helikesthenewdancesinparticular.

D.Allkindsofdancingarestrangetohim.

31.

【B7】

32.聽(tīng)力原文：Yourassignmentsthistermwillbetowritetwomajorresearchpapers.Oneofthemostimportantthingsaboutwritingaresearchpaperisgivingpropercreditofyourresourcesofinformation.Failuretodothisiscalledplagiarismwhichisaform.ofintellectualdishonesty.

Plagiarismisakindofstealingoratleastanunauthorizedborrowingofsomeoneelse'sideas.Sometimesinexperiencedstudentswillplagiarizeunintentionally,andthenbesurprisedwhentheteacherwon'taccepttheirpapers,orgivesthemafailinggrade.

Thebestwaytoavoidanunintentionalplagiarizingistobeverycarefulingatheringyourinformation.Asyoutakenotesonbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutthetopicyou'veselected,firsttrytoassimilatetheinformationthoroughly.Secondly,writeitdowninyourownwords.Thisiscalledparaphrasing.Ifyoudoagoodjobofparaphrasing,you'llcapturethemainideafromyoursourcewithoutactuallyusinganyphrasesfromit.Mostofyournotesshouldprobablybeparaphrases.However,occasionallyyoumayfindsomethingyouwishtoquotedirectlyinyourresearchpaper.Inthiscase,besurethatyoucopythequotationpreciselyinyournotesandencloseitinquotationmarks.Thatwaywhenyou'refinalizingyourresearchpaper,you'llbeabletorememberwhichofyournotesaredirectquotesandwhichareyourownsummariesofthematerial.Youcanthenincorporatethemappropriatelyandgivetheoriginalauthorpropercredit.

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.Whatkindofassignmentdoesthespeakerdiscusswiththestudents?

33.Whatdoesthespeakerwarnthestudentsnottodo?

34.Accordingtothespeaker,howshouldmostofthenotesbetaken?

35.Howdoesthespeakersayadirectquotationshouldbeused?

(33)

A.Readingmagazinearticles.

B.Reviewingbookreports.

C.Writingresearchpapers.

D.Selectinginformationsources.

33.(46)

34.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Oh,Anna,thatwasawonderfuldinner.That'sthebestmealthatI'vehadinalongtime.

W:Oh,thankyou,thankyouverymuch.

M:CanIgiveyouahandwiththedishes?

W:Ohoh,don'tbother.I'lldothemmyselflater.Hey,wouldyoulikemetofixsomecoffee?

M:Oh,thanksalot.I'dloveso.Eh,wouldyoumindifIsmoke?

W:Why?Notatall.Here,letmegetyouanashtray.

M:Oh,thanksverymuch.Anna,Ididn'trealizeyouweresuchagoodcook.

W:Actually,I'vejustlearnedhow,youknow.It'sbecauseI'vebeentakingthesecourses.

M:Why,Ican'tcookatall.Can'tevenboilanegg.

W:Nokidding?Well,youknow,ifyouwantto,youcouldtakeacoupleofclassesoveratPodunCollegeandlearnhowtodoit,too.

M:Thanksalot.ButI'mprettybusythesedays.Oh,Ijustremembered.IwonderifICouldpossiblyuseyourphone?

W:Oh,I'msorry.Butit'soutoforder.Isitreallyimportant?

M:Well,yousee,Ihavetocallmyforemanabouttomorrow'sworkschedule.Excuseme,wouldyoumindifIjustwentoutforafewminutes?I'llcallhimatthephoneboothonthecomer.

W:Notatall.Solongasyouknowyourwayback.

(23)

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Teacherandstudent.

C.Fatheranddaughter.

D.Friends.

35.

【B4】

36.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Doyouhavechangeforthecoffeemachine?

M:Sure.Fourquartersallright?

Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?

(17)

A.Buyhimselfacupofcoffee.

B.Buyfourquartersofmilk.

C.Refillthecoffeemachine.

D.Handthewomansomemoney.

37.(21)

A.Hersisterlivesthere.

B.Sheattendedcollegethere.

C.Shelivesthirtyminutesfromthere.

D.Shevisitedtherelastyear.

38.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Hello,CampusDaily,advertisingdepartment.ThisisMarkspeaking.

W:Hi.I'mcallingtoplaceacoupleofads.

M:Sure.Underwhatclassification?

W:Well,Iwantoneinthe"RoommateWanted"section.

M:Allright.Andhowwouldyoulikethattoread?

W:OK,itshouldread"Femaleroommatewantedforpleasantandsunny,two-bedroomapartmentonEllinwoodAvenue,threeblocksfromcampus.Sharerentandutilities.AvailableSeptember1.Callbetween5and9P.M.andaskforCecilia".

M:Fine.Andwhataboutyourotherad?

W:ThatoneI'dlikeisunder"MerchandiseforSale,"andI'dlikeittoread"Matchingblueandwhitesofaandeasychair,excellentcondition,$350orbestorder.Callbetween5and9P.M.andaskforCecilia."Didyougetallthat?

M:Uh-huh.You'llwantyourphonenumbersonthese,right?

W:Oh,sure.Thanksforremindingme—it's555-6972.

M:Andhowlongdoyouwanttheseadstorun?

F:Foraweek,Isuppose.Howmuchwouldthatbe?

M:It'sfivedollarsaweekperline.Eachofyouradswilltakeupthreelines,sothat's$15perad.

(23)

A.Atanewspaper.

B.Atanadvertisingagency.

C.Atafurniturestore.

D.Atarealestateoffice.

39.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：Lastweek,yourecall,wediscussedtheearlydevelopmentofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.TodayIwanttomentionanevenearlierform.oftransportation,onethatbroughtthefirstEuropeansettlerstoAmerica.Andthat'sthewoodensailingship.Fromcolonialtimessailingshipswerevitaltotheeconomy.Manycoastaltownsdependedonfishingorwhalingforemploymentandincome.Thiswasespeciallytrueinthenortheasternstates.Andtherethewoodfromnearbyforestsandtheskillsoflocaldesignersandworkersalsoformedthebasisofanimportantshipbuildingindustry.Butthebigprofitsweretobemadeontradewithfar-awayplaces.Andsinceseacaptainsoftenbecamepartownersoftheirships,theyhadastronginterestinthecommercialsuccessoftheirvoyages.SotheseYankees,that'swhatUSsailorsandofficerscametobecalled,theycarriedonaveryprofitabletradewithotherpartsoftheworld.Thehighpointofthistradecameinthemid-19thcenturywiththeintroductionoftheclippership,theenormousYankeeclipperswithhugesailsreachingnearlytwohundredfeetintosky.He'dcarrypassengersandcargofromNewYorkaroundSouthAmericatoSanFranciscoinlessthanthreemonthsandcleartoChinainjusthalfayear.Atthattimethisseemedunbelievablyfastandefficient.Butinthe1860s,morereliablesteam-poweredshipbegantotakeover.AndsoontheimportantroleofsailingshipsintheUSeconomywouldcometoanend.

(27)

A.Nineteenth-centuryseacaptains.

B.Thedevelopmentofthesteamship.

C.Theeconomicimportanceofsailingships.

D.Employmentinthefishingandwhalingindustries.

40.聽(tīng)力原文：W：Thisdoesn'tlookatallfamiliar．Wemustbelost；we'dbettergetsomedirections．

M：Let'spullinhere.WhileI'mfillingthetank,youaskaboutthedirectionsandgetmeasoftdrink．

Q：Wherewillthemanandthewomangoforassistance?

(17)

A.Gasstation.

B.Policestation.

C.Lostandfounddepartment.

D.Bat.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Letussupposethatyouareinthepositionofaparent.Wouldyouallowyourchildrentoreadanybooktheywantedtowithoutfirstcheckingitscontents?Wouldyoutakeyourchildrentoseeanyfilmwithoutfirstfindingoutwhetheritissuitableforthem?Ifyouranswertothesequestionsis"yes",thenyouareeitherextremelypermissive.Ifyouransweris"no",thenyouareexercisingyourrightasaparenttoprotectyourchildrenfromwhatyouconsidertobeundesirableinfluences.Inotherwords,byactingasacensoryourself,youareadmittingthatthereisastrongcaseforcensorship.

Now,ofcourse,youwillsaythatitisonethingtoexercisecensorshipwherechildrenareconcernedandquiteanothertodothesameforadults.Childrenneedprotectionanditistheparents'responsibilitytoprovideit.Butwhataboutadults?Aren'ttheyoldenoughtodecidewhatisgoodforthem?Theansweristhatmanyadultsare,butdon'tmakethemistakeofthinkingthatalladultsarelikeyou.Censorshipisforthegoodofsocietyasawhole.Likethelaw,censorshipcontributestothecommongood.

Somepeoplethinkthatitisdisgracefulthatacensorshouldinterferewithworksofart.Whoisthisperson,theysay,tobanthisgreatbookorcutthatgreatfilm?Noonecansethimselfupasasuperiorbeing.Butwemustremembertwothings.Firstly,wheregenuineworksofartareconcerned,moderncensorsareextremelyliberalintheirviews-oftenfarmoreliberalthanalargesectionofthepublic.Artisticmeritissomethingwhichcensorsclearlyrecognize.Andsecondly,wemustbearinmindthatthegreatproportionofbooks,playsandfilmswhichcomebeforethecensorareveryfarfrombeing"worksofart".

Whendiscussingcensorship,therefore,weshouldnotconfineourattentiontogreatmasterpieces,butshouldconsiderthevastnumbersofpublicationsandfilmswhichmakeupthebulkoftheentertainmentindustry.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,immoralpeoplearegivenalicensetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof"art".Thereisanincreasingtendencytoequateartisticwith"pornographic".Thevastmarketforpornographywouldrapidlybeexploited.Oneofthegreatthingsthatcensorshipdocsistopreventcertainpeoplefrommakingfatprofitsbycorruptingthemindsofothers.Toargueinfavorofabsolutefreedomistoargueinfavorofanarchy.

Societywouldreallybethepoorerifitdepriveditselfofthewisecounselandtherestraininginfluencewhichacensorprovides.

Permissiveparentswould______.

A.lettheirchildrenreadanybookstheyliketo

B.notlettheirchildrenseeanyfilmstheyliketo

C.notlettheirchildrenreadanybookswithoutfirstcheckingtheircontents

D.lettheirchildrenseethefilmswiththeirfirstchecking

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theargumentconcerningtheuse,orthestatus,ortherealityofblackEnglishisrootedinAmericanhistoryandhasabsolutelynothingtodowiththequestionwhichtheargumentsupposesitselftobeposing.Theargumenthasnothingtodowithlanguageitselfbutwiththeroleoflanguage.Language,incontestably,revealsthespeaker.Language;also,farmoredubiously,ismeanttodefinetheother---and,inthiscase,theotherisrefusingtobedefinedbyalanguagethathasneverbeenabletorecognizehim.

Peopleevolvealanguageinordertodescribeandthuscontroltheircircumstances,orinordernottobesubmergedbyarealitythattheycannotarticulate.(And,iftheycannotarticulateit,theyaresubmerged.)AFrenchmanlivinginParisspeaksasubtlyandcruciallydifferentlanguagefromthatofthemanlivinginMarseilles;neithersoundsverymuchlikeamanlivinginQuebec;andtheywouldallhavegreatdifficultyinapprehendingwhatthemanfromGuadeloupe,orMartinique,issaying,tosaynothingofthemanfromSenegal---althoughthe"common"languageofalltheseareasisFrench.Buteachhaspaid,andispaying,adifferentpriceforthis"common"language,inwhich,asitturnsout,theyarenotsaying,andcannotbesaying,thesamethings.Theyeachhaveverydifferentrealitiestoarticulate,orcontrol.

Whatjoinsalllanguages,andallmen,isthenecessitytoconfrontlife,inorder,notinconceivably,tooutwit(智勝)death:Thepriceforthisistheacceptance,andachievement,ofone'stemporalidentity.Sothat,forexample,thoughitisnottaughtintheschoolsthesouthofFrancestillclingstoitsancientandmusicalProvencal,whichresistsbeingdescribedasa"dialect''.AndmuchofthetensionintheBasquecountries,andinWales,isduetotheBasqueandWelshdeterminationnottoallowtheirlanguagestobedestroyed.ThisdeterminationalsofeedstheflamesinIreland,foramongthemanyindignitiestheIrishhavebeenforcedtoundergoatEnglishhandsistheEnglishcontemptfortheirlanguage.

Itgoeswithoutsaying,then,thatlanguageisalsoapoliticalinstrument,means,andproofofpower.Itisthemostvividandcrucialkeytoidentity:itrevealstheprivateidentity,andconnectsonewith,ordivorcesonefromthelargerpublic,orcommunalidentity:Therehavebeen,andare,timesandplaces,whentospeakacertainlanguagecouldbedangerous,evenfatalOr,onemayspeakthesamelanguage,butinsuchawaythatone'santecedents(身世，經(jīng)歷)arerevealed,or(one'shopes)hidden.

Accordingtothepassage,languagerevealsthespeakerinthewaythat______.

43.

Foronereasonoranother,people'sexposuretothemediaisoften______.

44.

Whatcausedthegianttsunami?

45.

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinthenumberoftechnicaltermsintheterminologyof

A.farming.B.sportsC.governmentD.fishery

46.

Accordingtothepassage,somehavecriticizedthechangesbecausethey__________.

A.ignorelocalandstatetaxes

B.werenotdiscussedinpublic

C.arenotinaccordancewithfederallaw

D.leavemanyfamiliesunabletopayforcollege

47.Whatistheimpactoftouristarrivaldrop-offonAsianairlines?

48.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas______.

A.unrealisticB.traditionalC.concernedD.hysterical

49.It'softensaidthatplantshiddeninthetangleoftheAmazonianrainforestmayharboranundiscoveredcancercure.JohnRichardSteppthinksthesamecanbesaidfortheworld'sweeds.

Inastudypublishedlastyear,Stepp,aprofessorattheUniversityofFloridainGainesville,lookedattheingredientsofcommondrugssoldatlocalpharmacies.Ofthe101primarilyplant-basedhealthremediesheexamined,Steppestimatedthatthemainingredientinaboutathirdofthedragswasaweed.

"ThoseareFairlyconservativenumberstoo,"headded."Itisactuallymorethanathird.Wecutquiteafewoffthelist,becausetheyweren'tquiteweedyenough,inmyview."

Tobe"weedyenough"tomeetStepp'scriteria,plantshadtobefast-growingandsoft-tissued—unliketrees,forexample,whichareslow-growingandhavewoodytissues.Steppalsolimitedhisdefinitionofweedstoplantsthatthriveindisturbedareas,likefarmsorclearings,withoutbeingdeliberatelyplanted.

Steppsaidhistallyofcommonweed-baseddragswastentimeshigherthanexpected.Thereareabout8,000weedsknowntoscience.Thatfigurecomprisesonlyabout3percentoftheworld's250,000describedplants.

PhyllisColeyisabiologistattheUniversityofUtahwhoconductsdrug-discoveryresearchinthePanamaniantropicalrainforests.ShesaidStepp'sfindingis"provocative."

Coleynotedthatweedyplantshavelongbeenasourceoftraditionalmedicines.Akeyquestion,shesaid,is,Why?

"Perhapsthisisbecauseweedswereshowntoworkbetter,"shesaid."ButIwouldalsosuggestthatweedyplantswouldbemuchmorereadilyavailable,astheygrowinassociationwithhumandisturbanceandarethereforemorelikelytobeexperimentedwithanddevelopedintomedicines."

MeanwhileSteppsaidhis2004studyresultssuggestthat,inadditiontoexploringtherainforestformedicinalplants,itmakessensetolookatthe8,000orsoweedsthatgrowclosertohome.

Theanthropologistdoesn'tthinkdragcompaniessharethatview."Thedifferencebetweenwantingtofindnewmedicinesandwantingtofindnewmedicinestomakeaprofitisaverywidegulf,"hesaid.

Regardlessofwhethernewdrugsaredevelopedfromweeds,Steppsaidweedresearchcouldleadgovernmentstorespectandpromotetraditionalmedicinalpractices,especiallyinpartsoftheworldwithlimitedaccesstomodemhealthcarefacilities.

AccordingtoProf.Stepp,weedyplantsare______.

A.fast-growingandwoody-tissued

B.slow-growingandsoft-tissued

C.growingwild

D.growingwhereitisnotwanted

50.Ninety-sixpercentofAmericanhomeshaveatleastonetelevisionsetwhichisturnedonforanaverageofsixhourseachday.Duringthelastthreedecadestelevisionhasbecomeamajoragentofsocialization,oftencompetingwithparents,siblings(兄弟姐妹),peers,andteachers.

KennethKeniston,chairmanoftheCarnegieCouncilonChildren,hasreferredtotelevisionasthe"flickeringblueparentoccupyingmoreofthewakinghoursofAmericanchildrenthananyothersingleinfluence--includingbothparentsandschools".SingerandSingerhavecharacterizeditas"amemberofthefamily".

Howmuchtelevisionandwhatkindsofprogramsdochildrenwatch?Theanswerdependsonmanyfactors,includingchildren'sageandseasonoftheyear.AccordingtoWinickandWinick,school-agechildrenwatchtelevisionbetweenseventeenandthirtyhoursaweek.Forpreschoolchildrenitisoftenashighasfiftyfourhoursaweek.Nancy'Larrick,areadingspecialistandchildren'sauthor,haspointedoutthat"bythetimethechildgoestokindergarten,heorshewillhavedevotedmorehourstowatchingtelevisionthanacollegestudentspendsintouryearsofclasses...Andbythetimetheyoungstergraduatesfromhighschool,heorshewillhavespentroughly11,000hoursinschoolcomparedtomorethan22,000hoursinfrontoftelevision."

Childrenarenotjustwatchingso-calledchildren'sprograms.Onthecontrary,accordingtofiguresre-leasedbytheA.C.NielsenCompany,only13percentoftelevisionviewingamongsix-to-eleven-year-oldchildrenoccursonSaturdaybetweeneightA.M.andoneP.M..Thelargestportionoftheirviewing,33percent,takesplacebetweeneightandelevenP.M.MondaythroughSaturdayandbetweensevenandelevenP.M.onSunday.

Whoselectstheprogramsthatchildrenwatch?AccordingtoBower,whenmothersandchildrenwatchtogether,themothermakesselectionsin37percentofthecases;jointdecisionsoccur27percentofthetime;33percentofthetimechildrendecidebythemselves.InastudybyLyleandHoffman,over60ofmothersoffirst-gradersreportedthattheyplacednorestrictionsontheamountoftimetheypermittedtheirchildrentowatchtelevision.

Teachers,schools,andparentassociationshavebecomeincreasinglyconcernedabouttheeffectsoftelevisiononschoolperformance.Basedontheirclass-roomexperiences,manyteacher