自考00522英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況歷年（12-19）真題試卷

2012年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況》試題課程代碼：00522I.Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Blackenthelettercorrespondingtoyourchoiceontheanswersheet.(50points,1pointforeach)1.Aboutahundredyearsago,BritainruledanempirethathadcoloniesinB.A.Europe,AfricaandAsiaB.Australia,AfricaandEuropeC.Asia,AfricaandNorthAmericaD.Europe,AfricaandNorthAmerica2.TheBtribesareancestorsofthehighlandScots,theIrishandtheWelsh.A.DanishB.CelticC.Anglo-SaxonD.Viking3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutRomanBritainistree?（D）A.TheRomansremainedincontrolofBritainforover500years.B.TheRomansnevertreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeopleofslaveclass.C.Duringthefourcenturies,RomansandBritonshadalotofintermarriages.D.TheRomanshadnoimpactonthelanguageorcultureofordinaryBritons.4.UnderD,thefeudalsysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.A.EdwardIB.HenryIIC.KingAlfredD.WilliamtheConqueror5.Bwas,aboveall,responsibleforthereligiousreformoftheChurchinthe16thcentury.A.HenryVIIB.HenryVIIIC.EdwardIVD.EdwardVI6.MaryStuart,QueenofScots,wasElizabethI'sC.A.sisterB.daughterC.cousinD.half-sister7.TheEnglishRenaissancewaslargelyAA.literaryB.politicalC.religiousD.philosophical8.Looselyspeaking,AopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedthefighttoreligiousfreedomforNonconformists.A.theWhigsB.theToriesC.theHouseofLordsD.theHouseofCommons9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutWorldWarIIistree?（A）A.Britainlostabout250,000livesduringthewar.B.Britainbecameapowerfulempireafterthewar.C.Britainonlydevotedpartofitsentirestrengthtothewar.D.BritainsufferedfarmoremilitarycasualtiesinWorldWarIIthaninWorldWarI.10.TheIndustrialRevolutionreferstotheCandtheconsequentchangesinsocialandeconomicorganizationsinBritaininthe18thand19thcenturies.A.urbanizationofBritainB.reformationoftheChurchC.mechanizationofindustryD.mechanizationofagriculture11.TheoldestinstitutionofgovernmentintheU.K.isA,whichgoesbacktoatleastthe9thcentury.A.theMonarchyB.theParliamentC.thePrivyCouncilD.theMetropolitanPolice12.ThemaximumdurationofaParliamentintheU.K.isC.A.twoyearsB.fouryearsC.fiveyearsD.sixyears13.ThehusbandofQueenElizabethIIisB.A.PrinceAndrewB.PrincePhilipC.PrinceCharlesD.PrinceWilliam14.TheLordsTemporalinBritain'sHouseofLordsconsistsofallthefollowingEXCEPTDA.lifepeersB.hereditarypeersC.Lordsofappealof"lawlords"D.theArchbishopsofCanterburyandYork15.TheHouseofCommonsintheU.K.haditsfirstwomanspeakerinCA.1990B.1991C.1992D.I99316.InEnglandandWales,laymagistrates("justiceofthepeace"orJPs)areappointedbyDA.theMonarchB.theParliamentC.thePrimeMinisterD.theLordChancellor17.TheCisthelargestsingleemployeroflaborintheU.K.A.BritishAirwaysB.BritishPetroleumC.NationalHealthServiceD.BritishTelecommunications18.Cwasfoundedin1969,andbeganitsfirstcoursein1970.A.GlasgowUniversityB.AberdeenUniversityC.TheOpenUniversityD.StAndrewsUniversity19.BisthemosttypicalEnglishsportinEngland.A.GolfB.CricketC.TennisD.Football20.DisacontemporaryBritishmusicalcomposer.A.DavidHareB.TomStoppardC.HaroldPinterD.LloydWebber21.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,withapopulationof255.5millionin1992,wastheBmostpopulouscountryintheworld.A.secondB.thirdC.fourthD.fifth22.StatisticallyAhavebeenthefastestgrowingstatesinpopulationforthelast20years.A.Arizona,NevadaandFloridaB.California,NevadaandFloridaC.Arizona,NewJerseyandNevadaD.Arizona,NewMexicoandFlorida23.ThewaratDinNorthernNewYorkprovedtobeagreatturningpointoftheWarofIndependence.A.LexingtonB.ConcordC.YorktownD.Saratoga24.TheFederalistPaperswrittenunderthenameofPubliuswereco-authoredbyBA.AlexanderHamilton,JohnLockeandJohnJayB.AlexanderHamilton,JamesMadisonandJohnJayC.AndrewJackson,JamesMadisonandThomasJeffersonD.AlexanderHamilton,JamesMadisonandThomasJefferson25.TheAmericanexpansionistmovementproducedatheorycalledCA.NewFrontierB.NewDarwinismC.ManifestDestinyD.RooseveltCorollary26.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTconsideredthevalidreasonforthedisappearanceofblackslaveryintheAmericanNorthintheearly1800s?（B）A.Thepriceofslaveswastoohigh.B.SlaverywassimplyillegalintheNorth.C.TheAfricanscouldnotstandcoldwintersintheNorth.D.AstheNorthturnedtowardindustry,mechanicsandnotfarmhandswereneeded.27.Inthepoliticalarea,theProgressiveMovementdemandedDA.thebanningofchildlaborB.improvedlivingconditionsC.industrialaccidentinsuranceD.reformingthecityandstategovernments28.The19thAmendmentofvotingrightforwomenwasadoptedduringtheBAdministration.A.J.F.Kennedy'sB.WoodrowWilson'sC.FranklinRoosevelt'sD.TheodoreRoosevelt's29.AsaresultoftheGreatDepression,manypeoplelosttheirlandandotherpropertiesbecauseofBA.bankruptcyB.foreclosureC.speculationD.profiteering30.TheaimofmeasuresintheNewDeal,asPresidentRooseveltputit,wastoAA."saveAmericandemocracy"B."regulateandreformthebankingsystem"C."strengthengovernmentinterventioninbusiness"D."raisetheroleoflaborintherelationsofproduction"31.ThefirstsummitbetweentheUnitedStates,theSovietUnionandBritainduringWorldWarIIwasheldinCinNovember1943.A.YaltaB.CairoC,TehranD.Potsdam32.TheopendeclarationofthecontainmentpolicywasmadebyU.S.PresidentBonMarch12,1949.A.HooverB.TrumanC.RooseveltD.Eisenhower33.Since1945theUnitedStatesentereda25-yeareconomicboom,andthecornerstonesweretheCA.automobile,housingandshippingB.fanning,housinganddefenseindustriesC.automobile,housinganddefenseindustriesD.automobile,shippinganddefenseindustries34.CturnedouttobethelongestwartheUnitedStateseverfought(1950-1975)asaresultofitspolicyofcontainmentofCommunism.A.TheCivilWarB.TheKoreanWarC.TheVietnamWarD.WorldWarII35.WhichstatementabouttheWatergateScandalisNOTtrue?（B）A.AfterthescandalAmericandisillusionsgrew.B.NixonwasthesecondpresidenttoresigninU.S.history.C.Nixonfinallyhandedoverthecompletetapes,whichwouldcondemnhim.D.Bytheearly1980sfarfewerAmericansstillclungtothebeliefthattheirsystemwasthemostpowerful.36.TheU.S.PresidentcanvetoanybillpassedbyCongressunlessoverriddenbyBvoteineachhouse.A.one-thirdB.two-thirdsC.two-fifthsD.:three-fourths37.WhenabillemergesfromtheSenateandtheHouse,itisusuallyreferredtoaDcomposedofequalnumberofmembersfromeachhousetoresolvethedifferences.A.revenuecommitteeB.standingcommitteeC.permanentcommitteeD.conferencecommittee38.ThefourthpartyperiodbeganwithCandlastedtillthewiththeDemocraticPartydominant.A.JimmyCarter,1990sB.HerbertHoover,1920sC.FranklinRoosevelt,1980sD.TheodoreRoosevelt,1900s39.WhichstatementaboutAmericaneducationisNOTtrue?（A）A.Elementaryandsecondaryeducationisfreeandnoncompulsory.B.Therearemorepublicelementaryandsecondaryschoolsthanprivateones.C.Publicschoolsarefinanciallysupportedandgovernedbystatesorcommunities.D.Publicandprivateschoolsrefertothewayinwhichtheseinstitutionsarefundedandcontrolled.40.InhismasterpieceLeavesofGrass,Cpraisedtheideasofequalityanddemocracyandcelebratedthedignityandtheself-reliantspiritofthecommonman.A.T.S.EliotB.MarkTwainC.WaltWhitmanD.EmilyDickson41.IrelandkeptoutofWorldWarIIDA.todeclareitselfarepublicB.tomakeanewconstitutionC.tovoteitselfoutoftheCommonwealthD.todemonstrateitscontinueddispleasurewiththeBritish42.ThemostpopularreligiousbeliefinIrelandisCA.MethodismB.ChristianityC.CatholicismD.Protestantism43.InCanada,itisdifficulttodofarminginAtlanticprovincesbecauseDA.theregionistoohillyB.dairyingismorepopularthanfarmingC.theweatheristooextremeinthoseprovincesD.thegrowingseasonisshortandthesoilispoor44.TheInuitandIndiansinnorthernCanadaCA.havestoppedhuntingB.havemovedfromtentstohousesintownsC.haveexperiencedmuchchangeintheirlifestylesD.havetotallygotusedtothenon-nativeCanadianwayoflife45.AsaresultofWorldWarII,CanadaDA.establishedtheCanadianNavyB.experiencedarapidgrowthinitsterritoryC.increasedthecontroloveritsforeignrelationsD.founditsplaceamongthenationsoftheworld46.Establishedin1788,.DistheoldeststateofAustralia.A.VictoriaB.QueenslandC.SouthAustraliaD.NewSouthWales47.Adelaide,thecapitalofSouthAustralia,isworldfamousforitsBA.agricultureB.artsfestivalC.shipbuildingD.valuableminerals48.TaupoisAinNewZealand.A.thebiggestlakeB.thelongestriverC.thelargestplainD.thehighestmountain49.MostanimalsinNewZealandareBA.nativetothelandB.broughtfromEnglandC.introducedfromNorthAmericaonlyD.illadaptedtoNewZealandconditions50.AccordingtotheTreatyofWaitangi,CisentitledtomakelawsinNewZealand.A.theMaoripeopleB,theBritishsettlersC.theQueenofEnglandD.theNewZealandgovernmentII.SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSGiveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(30points,3pointsforeach)51.WasthereligiousreformofElizabethIradical?答：No,itwasacompromiseofviews.52.WhoistheheadofstateoftheU.K.?答：Theheadofstateof/heU.K.isQueenElizabethII.53.WhatistheHouseofLordsmadeupof?.答：TheHouseofLordsismadeupoftheLordsSpiritualandtheLordsTemporal.54.WhatisthemajorreasonformanyearlysettlerstocometotheEnglishcoloniesinNorthAmerica?答：ManyearlysettlerscametotheEnglishcoloniesinsearchofreligiousfreedom.55.WhatarethethreekindsoftheAmericanhighschools?答：Theyaremadeupofcomprehensive,academic,vocationalandtechnicalschoolswithsomewhatdifferenttasks.56.WhatarethethreebranchesofgovernmentintheUnitedStates?答：Theyare/helegislative,theexecutiveandthejudicial.57.BesidesbeingthecapitalcityofCanada,whatisspecialaboutthecityofOttawaintermsoflanguage?答：HalfofitspopulationareFrenchspeakingandhalfareEnglishspeaking.58.HowdoesthehotanddryweatherinAustraliaaffectthevegetation?答：Itissuitableforthegrowthofsmallplantssuchasgrassesandshrubsratherthanforests.59.HowdotheNewZealandersusuallyreferthemselvesto?答：TheyusuallyreferthemselvestoasKiwis.60.InwhichwayisIrelanduniqueamongtheEuropeancountriesintermsofitsnationalpopulation?答：Ithasacentury-longpopulationdecline.III.TERMEXPLANATIONExplaineachofthefollowingtermsinEnglish.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheetinaround40words.(20points,5pointsforeach)61.Cabinet(U.K.)答：Thecabinet,composedofabout20mostseniorministers,(1point)meetsunder/hechairmanshipofthePrimeMinisterforafewhourseachweektodecidegovernmentpolicyonmajorissues.(2points)MinistersareresponsiblecollectivelytoParliamentforallcabinetdecisions;(1point)individualministersareresponsibletoParliamentfor/heworkoftheirdepartments.(1point)62.QualityPapers(U.K.)答：Qualitypapersarenormallybroadsheet(large-sheet)informat(2points)anddirectedatreaderswhowantfullinformationonawiderangeofpublicaffairs.(3points)63.Muckrakers(U.S.)答：Theyrefertoagroupofreform-mindedjournalists,(2points)whomadeinvestigationsandexposedvariousdarksidesoftheseeminglyprosperoussocietyatthemmof/he20thcentury.(3points)64.MarshallPlan答：InordertoprotectWesternEuropefrompossibleSovietexpansion,(1point)theUnitedStatesdecidedtoofferthesecountrieseconomicaid.(1point)Thislatercametobecalled/heMarshallPlanasitwasannouncedbySecretaryofStateGeorgeMarshallinJune1947.(2points)TheU.S.pouredintoEuropeatotalof13billiondollarsfrom1947to1952andtheproductionofthesecountriesbegantorecoverandshowsignsofdevelopment.(1point)

2013年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況》試題課程代碼：00522I.MULTIPLECHOICEReadthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(50points,1pointforeach)1.TheEnglishCivilWaxisalsocalled.A.theSecondMagnaCartaB.theGloriousRevolutionC.thePuritanRevolutionD.theLongParliament2.werethemostindustriousandvigorousoftheCeltictribes.A.TheIberiansB.TheGaelsC.TheBrythonsD.TheBelgae3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutKingAlfred?A.Hewasalearnedman.B.Hedidnotencouragelearninginothers.C.Heestablishedschoolsandformulatedalegalsystem.D.HeissaidtohavetaughthimselfLatinattheageof40.4.DomesdayBookwascompletedin.A.1066B.1085C.1086D.12155.UnderWilliamtheConqueror,thefeudalsysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.Accordingtothissystem,.A.thebaronsownedthelandB.theKingownedallthelandpersonallyC.thefreemenwereatthebottomofthefeudalscaleD.thegrowthofthepowerofthebaronswasnotrestrained6.TheBlackDeathinthe14thcentury.A.spreadthroughthewholeworldB.wasanepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleasC.killedtwothirdsofthepopulationinEnglandD.sparedthosewhowererichenoughtoaffordtheexpensivemedicine7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonthatHenryVIIIcarriedout'thereligiousreform?A.Heneededmoney.B.Hewasafrivolousking.C.Theprivilegeandwealthoftheclergywereresented.D.AdesireforchangeandreformintheChurchhadbeengrowingformanyyears.8.WhatwasElizabeth'srelationshipwiththeParliament?A.Itwasoftenturbulent.B.SheoftentroubledtheParliament.C.ShewasnotabletoworkwiththeParliamentD.ThePuritansintheHouseofCommonswerenotloyaltoher.9.WhoisgenerallyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguage?A.ChristopherMarlowe.B.BenJohnson.C.WilliamShakespeare.D.GeoffreyChaucer.10.Elizabethandramabegantoexcelonlyinthelastdecadeofthecenturyandreacheditsheightinthefirst15yearsofthecentury.A.15th,16thB.16th,17thC.17th,18thD.18th,19th11.TheBritishSovereign,QueenElizabethII,cametothethronein.A.1950B.1951C.1952D.195312.MostbillsintheHouseofCommonsarerelatingtopublicpolicy,thegreatmajorityofwhicharegovernmentmeasuresintroducedby.A.aMinisterB.anindividualmemberC.theSpeakerD.theOppositionLeader13.IntheUnitedKingdom,whichofthefollowingisNOTresponsibleforjustice?A.LordChancellor.B.HomeSecretary.C.AttorneyGeneral.D.ChancellorofExchequer.14.TheHouseofLordsmaynotdelayforlongerthanoneyearanybillpassedbytheCommonsinsuccessivesessions.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five15.Accordingtothetext,theBritishisbyfarthelargestadvertisingmedium.A.pressB.radioC.televisionD.internet16.WhichstatementaboutBritishhighereducationisNOTtrue?A.TheBritishuniversitiesarenotgovernedbyroyalcharters.B.Tuitionfeesforstudentsarepaidthroughtheawardssystem.C.Universitiescanappointtheirownstaff,anddecidewhichstudentstoadmit.D.Universitiesenjoyacademicfreedom,andprovidetheirowncoursesandawardtheirdegrees.17.EasteristraditionallyassociatedwiththefollowingEXCEPT.A.thecomingofspringB.theeatingofEastereggsC.theresurrectionofChristD.theburningofaguyonbonfire18.Britishcitizensovertheageofhavetherighttovote,exceptcriminalsandcertifiedlunatics.A.16B.18C.19D.2119.CeremoniesareheldatBuckinghamPalaceandthePalaceofHolyroodhouseintobestowhonors.A.EnglandB.WalesC.ScotlandD.NorthernIreland20.InBritain,theparliamenthasthefollowingfunctionsEXCEPT.A.topasslawsB.todeclarewarandmakepeaceC.toexaminetheactionsofthegovernmentD.toauthorizetaxationandpublicexpenditure21.TheDeclarationofIndependenceisaclearexplanationofthepoliticaltheorybehindtheAmericanRevolutionandthistheorycamefromtheBritishphilosopher.A.JohnLockeB.ThomasJeffersonC.AlexanderHamiltonD.GeorgeWashington22.TheBlacksmakeupaboutofthetotalpopulationintheU.S.A.10.1%B.12.1%C.15.1%D.20.1%23.ThebiggestcityintheU.S.is.A.LosAngelesB.SanFranciscoC.ChicagoD.NewYork24.GeneralMotors,FordandChryslerarethethreegiantsinAmerican.A.autoindustryB.computerindustryC.steelindustryD.chemicalindustry25.accountsforamajorsourceofpopulationgrowthintheU.S.A.ImmigrationB.EmigrationC.HighbirthrateD.Lowdeathrate26.WhenO'Sullivanfirstputforwardthe"ManifestDestiny".A.hewantedtosupportthevolunteersfightinginTexasB.hewantedtojustifyAmericanwestwardterritorialexpansionC.hewantedtoprovethattheAmericanswereGod'schosenpeopleD.noneoftheabove27.The"firstAmericans"were.A.theAsiansB.theAfricansC.theIndiansD.theEuropeans28.Thelaissez-fairetheoryofthe19thcenturyshouldbeunderstoodas.A.governmentcontrolofeconomyB.monopolyofeconomybybigbusinessC.cut-throatcompetitionandsurvivalofthefittestD.governmentgivingthebusinesspeopleafreehandinmanagingeconomy29.OneoftheresultsofWWItotheUnitedStateswas.A.itbecameadebtornationB.itbecameacreditornationC.itowedothercountries3.7billionUSdollarsD.itbecamethestrongestmilitarypowerintheworld30.InthelongtelegramtotheU.S.StateDepartment,GeorgeKennanwrotethat.A.awarwiththeSovietUnionwasinevitableB.reconciliationwiththeSovietUnionwasimpossibleC.theSovietUn/onwouldnotexpandinthenearfutureD.apolicyofcontainmentshouldbeadoptedindealingwiththeSovietUnion31.TheTaiwanRelationsActwasadoptedbytheU.S.Congress.A.notlongbeforeCarterlefttheWhiteHouseB.inthefirsttermoftheReaganadministrationC.soonaftertheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationswithChinaD.notlongbeforetheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationswithChina32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanimpactoftheVietnamWaxontheAmericansociety?A.TheimageoftheUnitedStateswasdiscredited.B.Thecountrywasweakenedasaresultofthelongwax.C.TheAmericandefensebudgetwasmuchsmallerthanever.D.AmericansocietyhadneverbeensodividedsincetheCivilWax.33.wasthefirstAmericanPresidenttoresignasaresultoftheWatergateScandal.A.PresidentKennedyB.PresidentJohnsonC.PresidentCarterD.PresidentNixon34.TheU.S.ConstitutionrequiresthePresidenttobeanatural-bomAmericancitizenatleastyearsofage.A.30B.35C.40D.4535.InFebruary1972,visitedChinaandmetChairmanMaoZedongandthetwocountriesissuedtheShanghaiCommuniqué.A.PresidentBushB.PresidentCarterC.PresidentReaganD.PresidentNixon36.IntheUnitedStates,theprivatelyownedandoperatedbusinessesincludingfarms,produceofthetotaloutputofgoodsandservices.A.allB.mostC.halfD.lessthanhalf37.ThecommunitycollegesintheU.S.havethefollowingmainfunctionsEXCEPT.A.toresearchandofferpublicserviceB.topreparestudentsfortransferringtoaB.A.programC.toprovidevocationaltrainingfortheworkingpeopleD.toproviderecreationalandculturalactivitiesforadults38.TodayoftheAmericanpeoplestillliveunderthepovertyline.A.noneB.fewC.someD.many39.ChristopherColumbusreachedtheNewWorldin.A.1492B.1607C.1620D.177640.isconsideredtobeHemingway'srepresentativework.A.OldManandtheSeaB.ForWhomtheBellTollsC.TheSunAlsoRisesD.AFarewelltoArms41.OffthecoastofAustraliaisa2,000kmlineofcoralislandsandreefsknownastheGreatBarrierReef.A.northwesternB.southwesternC.northeasternD.southeastern42.Australiaasawholeaveragesonlypersonspersquarekilometer.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five43.TheAustralianCapitalTerritory(ACT)wasmappedoutofthestateoftobethesiteofthenationalcapital.A.TasmaniaB.VictoriaC.QueenslandD.NewSouthWales44.ModemAustraliancultureisamixtureofthefollowingtraditionsandinfluencesEXCEPT.A.AsianB.BritishC.AfricanD.American45.ThesunniesttowninNewZealand,,receivesmorethan2400hoursofsunshineayear.A.NelsonB.DunedinC.AucklandD.Wellington46.TheShannonRiverintheRepublicofIreland.A.isthemostimpressiveB.isthesecondlargestriverC.providesmuchoftheelectricpowerD.risesinthemountainsnearSligoBay47.ThecapitalofCanada,Ottawa,islocatedintheprovinceof.A.AlbertaB.ManitobaC.QuebecD.Ontario48.After,thewholeCanadacameundertheBritishrole.A.theWarof1812B.theSevenYears'WaxC.theFirstWorldWarD.theWarofIndependence49.In1949,NewfoundlandbecameCanada'sprovince.A.7thB.8thC.9thD.10th50.Inthepast,weretheprincipalsourcesofimmigrationofCanada.A.theUnitedStatesB.LatinAmericancountriesC.BritainandWesternEuropeD.BritainandNorthernEuropeII.SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSGiveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(30points,3pointsforeach)51.WhendidEnglandbegintobeChristianized?52.HowistheBritishhighereducationfinanced?53.WhatistheofficialresidenceoftheBritishPrimeMinisterinLondon?54.WhatwastheU.S.SupremeCourtrulingforthecaseofBrownversusBoardofEducationin1954?55.Whatisthe"winner-take-all"systemintheU.S.?56.WhatkindofeducationiscompulsoryintheUnitedStates?57.WhatisthepolicythatAustraliangovernmentshaveadoptedtoencouragepeoplewithdifferentethnicbackgroundstokeeptheirowncul