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★啟用前 入學統(tǒng)一考管理類專業(yè)聯(lián)英語試 年管理類專業(yè)聯(lián)考英語(二SectionIUseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon―revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,‖onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,and municationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof―at‖-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsintheme 13electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer. ,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonest smightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andawholenewfiledofcomputerscienceisdeveloto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleaveanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofaldata.Thereareconcernsthaternment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.1.[A][B][D]2.[A][C][D]3.[A][D]4.[A][D]5.[A][B][C][D]6.[A][B][C][D]7.[A][B][D]8.[A][C][D]9.[A][C][D]10.[A]give[B]take[C]bring[D]pass11.[A][B][C][D]12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][D]14.[A][B][C][D]15. [B] [C]dis [D]16.[A][B][C]17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A][B][D]19.[A]call[B]fight[C]adapt[D]cope20.[A][B][D]SectionII PartADirections:Readthefollowingpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Inanessayentitled―MakingItinAmerica,‖theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,―amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.‖Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentandsaggingmiddle-class estodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropindemandbecauseoftheGreatRecession,butitisalsobecauseofthequantumadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverrecinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworkers.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,nganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofYes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,―Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs—about6millionintotal—disappeared.‖Therewillalwaysbechange—newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotobuttressemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopost-highschooleducation.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedto theimpactoftechnologicalthealleviationofjobtheshrinkageoftextilethedeclineofmiddle- AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehas adoptonaverageaskforamoderateworkoncheepThequotationinParagraph4exins gainsoftechnologyhavebeenjobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighfactoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythannewjobsandserviceshavebeenAccordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportant toacceleratetheI.T.toensuremoreeducationfortoadvanceeconomictopassmorebillsinthe21stwhichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitlefortheNewLawTakesRecessionIsTextAcenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandthengohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,"uccellidipassaggio,"birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedivide ersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon'tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandparticlephysicistsareamongtoday'sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.modatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultiplees,includingsomethatarenoteasy plishlegallyintheexisting―rofpassage‖referstothose findpermanentjobsleavetheirhomecountriesforstayinaforeigncountryItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsysteminthe needsnewimmigranthasloosenedcontrolovershouldbeadaptedtomeethasbeenfixedviapoliticalAccordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassage financialaglobalopportunitiestogetregular domtostayandTheauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbe asfaithfulwithlegalwitheconomicasmightyThemostappropriatetitleforthistextwould ComeandGo:BigLivingandThriving:GreatLegalandIllegal:BigWithorWithout:GreatScientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuraylwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.Ifweneedtounderstandhowninejusticesresolvedadifficultlegalissue,weneedevenmoretime.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinter alrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofToronto,foundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’reng.Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases—orhireoutsideJohnGottman,themarriageexpert,exinsthatwequickly―thinslice‖informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin―thicksliced‖long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuchlongerevaluation:twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogscanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemtingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisions varyaccordingtotheurgencyoftheprovethecomplexityofourbraindependontheimportanceofthepredeterminetheaccuracyofourOurreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnap canbearenotcanbearenotToreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,we trustourfirstdoaspeopleusuallythinkbeforeweaskforexpertJohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionsarebased ―thinsliced‖sensibleexadequateTheauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrend Europeisnotgender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkcewillneverbecompleyfamily-friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope’stopcorporate-ernancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.Indeed,womenholdonly14%ofpositionsonEuropeancorporateboards.TheEuropeanUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen–upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeanCommissionVice VivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalsof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.Doweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateladderfairlyastheybalanceworkandfamily? ally,Idon’tlikequotas,‖Redingsaidrecently.―ButIlikewhatthequotasdo.‖Quotasgetaction:they―openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,‖accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsoncingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandReding’sreluctance-andherfrustration.Idon’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,ernancebythecapable.But,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeaswellastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotoppositions–nomatterhowmuch―softpressure‖isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower–as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidat –theygarnermassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepublicpolicieswereincetohelpallwomen–whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers–andallfamilies,SandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlylivinginamorejustIntheEuropeancorporateworkce, womentakethemenhavethefinalcorporateernanceisTheEuropeanUnion’sintendedlegislationareflectionofgenderareluctantaresponsetoReding’savoluntaryAccordingtoReding,quotasmayhelp gettopbusinessseethroughtheglassbalanceworkandanticipatelegalTheauthor’sattitudetowardReading’sappealisone Womenenteringtop eheadlinesduetothelack moresocialC.suitablepublicpoliciesD.greater―sftPartDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromtheA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45TherearetwoextrasubtitleyoudonotneedtouseMarkyouranswerontheANWSERSHEET(10point)A.LivelikeaB.BalanceyourC.ShopkeepersareyourD.RrmembertotreatE.Sticktowhatyour nningisThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas£60aweektospend,£40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning£130,000ayearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon'sbestrestaurantsatleasttwiceaweek".Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Iassumedtheendwouldbemedrinkingmyselftodeath,"hesays,dryly."Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI'dlost.Butit'sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe'slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliryagents.He'sfeelingpositive,buthe'llcarryonblogging–notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan–"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"–buteatingwellonabudget.Here'shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,sonyourweek's inadvance,makingshoplistsforyouringredientsintheirexactties.IhaveanExceltemteforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it'snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It'salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,beinghuman,you'llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyouThisiswheresupermarketsandtheiranonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there'snottheembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyounproperly,you'llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthezer–that'snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.nningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou'lldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto"gooff"willbecookedorEveryonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soon
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