2022屆黑龍江省佳木斯市第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第五次調(diào)研考試英語試卷（解析版）

2022屆黑龍江省佳木斯市第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第五次調(diào)研考試英語試卷時(shí)間：120分鐘第Ⅰ卷(選擇題，共90分)第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分10分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題0.5分，滿分2.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whenwillthelecturebegiven?A.OnJune10th.B.OnJune11th.C.OnJune12th.2.Whatcausedthecompanysalestoincrease?A.Theonlinemarketingcampaign.B.Theextrasalespeople.C.Thediscountprices.3.WhatisJimmydoing?A.Readingastorybook.B.Doinghishomework.C.Playingcomputergames.4.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Forgivetheplayer.B.Kicktheplayerout.C.Apologizetotheplayer.5.Wheredoesthewomanusuallygetthebook?A.Intheshop.B.Inthesupermarket.C.OntheInternet.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題0.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thepreparationsforacamping.B.Thechangeableweather.C.Theirfavoritefood.7.Whatwillthemantake?A.Bread.B.Hamburgers.C.Cards.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatiswrongwiththewoman?A.Shehasafever.B.Shehasaheadache.C.Shehasasleepingproblem.9.Whatdidthewomandolastnight?A.Shepreparedforameeting.B.Sheattendedameeting.C.Shewenttobedearly.10.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Quitthejob.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Havearest.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atatheater.B.Atahotel.C.Atasnackbar.12.Whatwouldthemanprobablydoat6p.m.tomorrow?A.Celebratetheirweddinganniversary.B.Attendaweddingceremony.C.Spendhis20thbirthday.13.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$100.B.$200.C.$300.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Whatisthewoman’sproblem?A.Herbrotherisdisturbingher.B.Shehasnodictionarytouse.C.Herparentscan’tgiveheranyadvice.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Tellherbrothertostop.B.Gotothelibrarytostudy.C.Askherparentsforhelp.17.Whatisthewomanembarrassedat?A.RememberinglittlefromHistory.B.Reviewingbysinginghernotes.C.Writingdownwhatshehasread.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatwasthemainmealforpeopleinPrussiainthe18thcentury?A.Rice.B.Potatoes.C.Bread.19.Howdidpeoplefeelaboutthepotatoesinthepalacegarden?A.Disappointed.B.Curious.C.Anxious.20Whatcanwelearnabouttheking?A.Hewasverysmart.B.Helikedmakingjokes.C.Hewascrazyaboutpotatoes.第二部分：英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）1.Thewomanwhousedtobein________chargeofabigcompanyisin________chargeofanurseatpresent.A.the；不填 B.the；theC.不填；不填 D.不填；the【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：那個(gè)曾經(jīng)負(fù)責(zé)一家大公司的女人現(xiàn)在由一個(gè)護(hù)士負(fù)責(zé)。介詞短語incharge(ofsth)意為“負(fù)責(zé)（某事）”；insb’scharge/inthechargeofsb意為“由某人負(fù)責(zé)”，根據(jù)句意可知，空1為“負(fù)責(zé)某事”；空2為“由某人負(fù)責(zé)”。故選D項(xiàng)。2.Thecloth________easilyif________onatable.A.measures;spreading B.measures;spreadC.hasbeenmeasured;spread D.ismeasured;spreaded【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：如果被平鋪在桌上，這塊布料很好測(cè)量。主句中，謂語動(dòng)詞measure(測(cè)量)，此處用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，表事物的屬性和功能，講現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語，與主句主語thecloth之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞spread表被動(dòng)，可補(bǔ)充為狀語從句ifitisspreadonthecloth。故選B。3.Thethiefmadealittleholeinthewall，________hecouldseewhatwasgoingoninsidethehouse.A.onwhich B.inwhichC.throughwhich D.atwhich【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析和定語從句。句意：小偷在墻上打了一個(gè)小洞，通過這個(gè)洞他可以看到房子里正在發(fā)生的事情。分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為hole，關(guān)系代詞which替代thehole，根據(jù)后文hecouldseewhatwasgoingoninsidethehouse句意可知，應(yīng)用介詞through+which引導(dǎo)從句，throughthehole“通過這個(gè)洞”符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。4.Thereisgrowingconcernthattwentyyearsfromnow,the________Americanfamilywon’tbeabletoaffordtosendtheirchildrentocollege.A.average B.typical C.extraordinary D.usual【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：人們?cè)絹碓綋?dān)心，20年后，普通美國家庭將無力負(fù)擔(dān)送孩子上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用。A.average普通的、一般的；B.typical典型的；C.extraordinary非凡的；D.usual通常的?？仗幮揎桝mericanfamilies,結(jié)合句意“無力負(fù)擔(dān)孩子上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用”可知是“普通家庭”，故選A。5.Davidneverdreamedof________achanceforhimtowinthefirstprizeinsinging.A.therewas B.itbeing C.therebeing D.itwas【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：大衛(wèi)做夢(mèng)也沒有想到他會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)獲得歌唱一等獎(jiǎng)。前文介詞of后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故排除A、D項(xiàng)，動(dòng)名詞短語therebeing意為“有”，符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。6.Youseemtobeinno________togotothecinemawithme.Solet'sstayathomewatchingTV.A.feeling B.emotion C.attitude D.mood【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你似乎沒有心情和我一起去看電影。所以讓我們呆在家里看電視吧。A.feeling感覺；B.emotion情感；C.attitude態(tài)度；D.mood心情。根據(jù)第二句句意可知，此處表示“沒有心情”去看電影，短語“innomood”表示“沒有心情”，為固定搭配，故選D。

7.Therewasanicelittlepresentforeveryone,withasuitablecard________.A.attached B.attaching C.toattach D.beingattached【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：每個(gè)人都有一份精美的小禮物，附上一張合適的卡片。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)，且card與attach構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故選A。8.—WhyisTominsuchahurry？—He________forBeijingtoattendanimportantmeeting.Theflight________at6∶00.A.leaves；leaves B.isleaving；leavesC.willleave；hasleft D.leaves；istoleave【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——湯姆為什么這么著急？——他要去北京參加一個(gè)重要會(huì)議。飛機(jī)6點(diǎn)起飛。由語境可知，第一空表示“正要出發(fā)去……”，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；第二空表示飛機(jī)按時(shí)刻起飛，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)，故選B。

9.—Couldyoulendmesomeofyourpaper？—Sorry.Mineis________.A.usingup B.runningoutC.runningthrough D.givingout【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：—你能借我些錢嗎？—對(duì)不起，我的紙也要沒了。A.usingup用光；B.runningout用光；C.runningthrough快速穿越，迅速傳播；D.givingout分發(fā)。根據(jù)“sorry”可知，不能借給他了。useup為及物短語，要接賓語，因此不合適；runout為可單獨(dú)使用的短語，不接賓語。故選B。10.Inthemiddleofthesquare________withastatueofaheroontopofit.A.standsastone B.doesastonestandC.astonestands D.astonedoesstand【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查倒裝句型。句意：在廣場(chǎng)的中央矗立著一塊石頭，上面有一個(gè)英雄的雕像。分析句子，結(jié)合句意可知，此處應(yīng)用全倒裝句型，謂語動(dòng)詞stands放在主語astone之前，地點(diǎn)狀語Inthemiddleofthesquare位于句首。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AHonorsProgramThehonorsprogramisforstudentswhohaveenjoyedtheirexperienceinresearchwithaguideteacherandarelookingforahighlightexperienceduringtheirfinalyear.Theprogramhasspecificrequirementsforourmajorsdescribedbelow.ApplicationStudentsparticipateinthehonorsprogramduringtheirfinalyear.Studentswhoexpecttohavea3.5accumulativeGPAbyfallofsenioryearshouldhaveidentifiedaguideteacherandappliedforNBBhonorsbyMay1stoftheirthirdyear.Applicationsarebriefandincludebasicinfomationsuchasguideteachername,projecttitle,andcurrentGPA.CourseworkDuringsenioryear,honorsstudentstaketworesearch-experiencecourses.Participationinthesecoursesincludesatleast12hoursofworkontheresearchprojecteachweekaswellasweeklymeetingswithotherresearcherstodevelopprofessionalskills.EssayThemajorityofourmajorsworkwithguideteachersinresearchexperiences,andmanystudentsco-authormanuscripts(手稿)publishedinleadingjournals.However,onlyhonorsstudentsareguidedandhelpedthroughtheprocessofwritinganessay.Allstudents’essaysarepublishedonlinethroughtheuniversitylibraryand,afterthedatabeingforbiddentobeincludedinotherarticles,theessaysareavailabletosearch.11.Whichofthefollowingistherequirementofthehonorsprogram?A.Studentsshouldtaketworelevantcourses.B.Studentsshouldspend12hoursresearching.C.Studentsshouldfinishtheiressaysontheirown.D.StudentsshouldapplybyMay1stinthefourthyear.12.Whatprivilegedohonorsstudentshave?A.Accesstoleadingjournals.B.Guidanceinwritinganessay.C.Includingthedatainotherarticles.D.Publishingessaysthroughthelibrary.13Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Guideteachers. B.Researchers. C.CollegeStudents. D.Professors.【答案】11.A12.B13.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹“榮譽(yù)項(xiàng)目（honorsprogram）”及其要求。11題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Duringsenioryear,honorsstudentstaketworesearch-experiencecourses.Participationinthesecoursesincludesatleast12hoursofworkontheresearchprojecteachweekaswellasweeklymeetingswithotherresearcherstodevelopprofessionalskills.（大四期間，優(yōu)等生要學(xué)習(xí)兩門研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)課程。參與這些課程包括每周至少12小時(shí)的研究項(xiàng)目工作，以及每周與其他研究人員的會(huì)議，以發(fā)展專業(yè)技能）”可知，榮譽(yù)課程的要求是應(yīng)該上兩門相應(yīng)的課程。故選A項(xiàng)。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“However,onlyhonorsstudentsareguidedandhelpedthroughtheprocessofwritinganessay.（然而，只有優(yōu)秀學(xué)生在寫作過程中得到指導(dǎo)和幫助）”可知，只有優(yōu)秀學(xué)生才能得到論文指導(dǎo)，由此得知這是他們的特權(quán)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Thehonorsprogramisforstudentswhohaveenjoyedtheirexperienceinresearchwithaguideteacherandarelookingforahighlightexperienceduringtheirfinalyear.Theprogramhasspecificrequirementsforourmajorsdescribedbelow.（這個(gè)榮譽(yù)項(xiàng)目是為那些在指導(dǎo)老師的指導(dǎo)下享受過研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，希望在最后一年能有一次精彩的研究經(jīng)歷的學(xué)生設(shè)立的。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目對(duì)我們的專業(yè)有特殊要求，如下所述）”以及下文“majors”“essays”等詞可知，這篇文章是為大學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的。故選C項(xiàng)。BItneveroccurredtomewhenIwaslittlethatgardenswereanythinglessthanwonderfulplaces.Granddad’sgardenwasonthebankofariverandslopedgentlydowntowardsthewater.Youcouldn’treachtheriverbutyoucouldhearthesoundofthewaterandthebirdsthatsanginthetreesabove.Athome,hisson,myfather,couldbequietandwithdrawn.Iwouldn’twanttomakehimsoundhumorless.Hewasn’t.Sillythingswouldamusehim.Irealizethat,deepdown,hewasprobablydisappointedthathehadn’tmademoreofhislife.Heleftschoolwithoutqualificationsandbecameabeginnertoaplumber.Plumbingwasnotsomethinghewaspassionateabout.Itwasjustwhathedid.Hewasneverparticularlyambitious,thoughtherewasamomentwhenheandMumthoughtofemigratingtoCanada,butitcametonothing.Wherehecameintohisownwasaroundthehouse.Hehadan“eyeforthejob.”Beitbookshelvesoracupboard—whathecouldachievewasastonishing.Ofthethreeoptions,moors,woodsorriver—theriverwastheonethatusuallygotmyvote.OnastretchoftheriverIwasallowedtodisappearwithmyimaginationintoanotherworld.WithafishingnetovermyshoulderIcouldsetoffinshoesthatwerelastyear’smodel.I’dwalkalongtheriverbanklookingforasuitablespotwhereIcouldtakeoffthepainfulshoesandleavethemwithmypicnicwhileIadventuredout,peeringthroughthewaterforanyfishthatIcouldscoopupwiththenetandtakehome.Iwantedtoleaveschoolassoonaspossiblebutthatseemedanunlikelyprospectuntilonedaymyfatherannounced,“They’vegotapostforangardenerintheParksDepartment.Ithoughtyoumightbeinterested.”HemightstillhavepreferreditifIbecameacarpenter.ButIliketofeelthatsomewhereinsidehimwasafeelingthatthingsmightjustturnoutforthebest.MaybeI’mcheatingmyself,butIprefertobelievethatinhisheart,althoughhehatedgardeninghimself,he’dwatchedmedoingitforlongenoughandnoticedmyunfailingpassionforallthingsthatgrewandfloweredandfruited.14.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetohisfatherinthesecondparagraph?A.Hewasunsatisfiedwithhisfather.B.Hewasregretfulthathisfatherhadnotachievedmore.C.Hewassympathetictothereasonswhyhisfatherbehaved.D.HewasgratefulthathisfatherhadnottakenthefamilytoCanada.15.Whatdoesthewritermeanbytheunderlinedphrase“cameintohisown”?A.wasabletodosomethingbyhimself B.wasabletoshowhistalentsoutC.wasabletocontinuehisdayjob D.wasabletoforgethisfailure16.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThewriterfeltangrythatthegardenwaslessamazingB.ThewriterwasanexcellentfishermanforhisgiftC.Thefishingtripillustratedthewriter’scarefreechildhood.D.Aroundthehouseliedthefather’sdreamofbeingcarpenter17.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Hisfatherisunsureabouthisson’sfutureB.Hisfatherwastiredofgivingwaytohisson.C.Hisfatherhadbeentryingtofindajobhissonwouldenjoy.D.Hisfatherhadbeenimpressedbyhisson’sloveofgardening.【答案】14.C15.B16.C17.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者從小喜歡祖父的花園，同情在生活中沒有太大成就的父親，并且在河邊度過了無憂無慮的童年，最終選擇了園藝工作?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Irealizethat,deepdown,hewasprobablydisappointedthathehadn’tmademoreofhislife.Heleftschoolwithoutqualificationsandbecameabeginnertoaplumber.Plumbingwasnotsomethinghewaspassionateabout.Itwasjustwhathedid.Hewasneverparticularlyambitious,thoughtherewasamomentwhenheandMumthoughtofemigratingtoCanada,butitcametonothing.(我意識(shí)到，在內(nèi)心深處，他可能對(duì)自己沒有在生活中取得更多成就感到失望。他沒有取得任何資格證書就離開了學(xué)校，成為了一名水管工的新手。他對(duì)管道工程不感興趣。這正是他所做的。他從來沒有什么特別的雄心壯志，雖然有那么一刻他和媽媽想移民加拿大，但最終沒有成功)”可推知，作者對(duì)父親的所作所為感到同情。故選C。【15題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Beitbookshelvesoracupboard—whathecouldachievewasastonishing.”可知，無論是書架還是櫥柜，父親都能取得驚人的成就，可見房子成了父親能夠展示才能的地方。故“cameintohisown”的意思是“能夠展示他的才能”。故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Ofthethreeoptions,moors,woodsorriver—theriverwastheonethatusuallygotmyvote.OnastretchoftheriverIwasallowedtodisappearwithmyimaginationintoanotherworld.WithafishingnetovermyshoulderIcouldsetoffinshoesthatwerelastyear’smodel.I’dwalkalongtheriverbanklookingforasuitablespotwhereIcouldtakeoffthepainfulshoesandleavethemwithmypicnicwhileIadventuredout,peeringthroughthewaterforanyfishthatIcouldscoopupwiththenetandtakehome.(在三個(gè)選擇中，荒野、森林或河流——河流通常是我選擇的那一個(gè)。在河的一個(gè)河段上，我可以帶著我的想象消失在另一個(gè)世界里。肩上扛著漁網(wǎng)，我可以穿著去年的款式鞋子出發(fā)。我會(huì)沿著河岸走，尋找一個(gè)合適的地方，脫掉那雙痛苦的鞋子，把它們放在我的野餐中，而我冒險(xiǎn)出去，在水里凝視著任何我可以用網(wǎng)撈起來帶回家的魚)”可推知，釣魚之旅描繪了作者無憂無慮的童年。故選C?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Iwantedtoleaveschoolassoonaspossiblebutthatseemedanunlikelyprospectuntilonedaymyfatherannounced,“They’vegotapostforangardenerintheParksDepartment.Ithoughtyoumightbeinterested.”HemightstillhavepreferreditifIbecameacarpenter.ButIliketofeelthatsomewhereinsidehimwasafeelingthatthingsmightjustturnoutforthebest.MaybeI’mcheatingmyself,butIprefertobelievethatinhisheart,althoughhehatedgardeninghimself,he’dwatchedmedoingitforlongenoughandnoticedmyunfailingpassionforallthingsthatgrewandfloweredandfruited.(我想盡快離開學(xué)校，但這似乎不太可能，直到有一天父親宣布：“公園管理處招聘一名園丁。我想你可能會(huì)感興趣?！比绻耶?dāng)木匠，他可能還是會(huì)喜歡的。但我喜歡在他的內(nèi)心深處有一種感覺，那就是事情可能會(huì)向好的方向發(fā)展。也許我是在欺騙自己，但我更愿意相信，在他心中，盡管他討厭自己的園藝工作，但他已經(jīng)看著我做了足夠長的時(shí)間，并注意到我對(duì)所有生長、開花、結(jié)果的東西的永恒的熱情)”可知，最后一段的主旨是兒子對(duì)園藝的熱愛給他父親留下了深刻的印象。故選D。COneofthegreatestchallengesincaringforsuchintelligentanimalsaschimpanzees(猩猩)isprovidingthemwithenrichingexperiences.Everyday,thechimpanzeesatProjectChimpsreceivemorningandeveningfood-basedenrichmentdevices,butcaregiversarealwayslookingformorewaystokeepthechimpsmentallyengaged.With79chimpanzees,eachwiththeirdistinctivepersonality,carestaffoftenfindthatdifferentchimpsreactdifferentlytonewenrichment.Lastyear,webeganinvitingmusicianstoperformforchimpstoseewhattheymayrespond.Aviolinperformancereceivedquitetheresponse.Additionalmusicianswerelineduptovisitbutthecoronavirushasstoppedtheactivities,whichwehopetoresumeinthenearfuture.Thispastweek,webroughtanelectricpianoforthechimpstoinvestigate.Somechimps,liketwinsButtercupandClarisse,wereimmediatelyinterestedandcouldnotwaittotapoutafewnotes.Others,likeEmma,weremoreinterestedintryingtotakeitapart.29-year-oldPrecioushasverylittletoleranceforthepiano.Shesatofftothesideforafewminutes,buteventuallyshedecidedthatwasenough.Shecalledanendtotheenrichmentsessionbythrowingahandfulofwasteatthepiano.Receivinghermessageloudandclear,weremovedthepiano.Wecouldneverhaveguessedhow33-year-oldLukewouldreacttoit.Aswithmanyretiredlabchimpanzees,Lukehassomeanxietyissues.Heseemsparticularlydistrustfulofanythingnew,includingpeople,food,andenrichment.Butwhenwepresentedthechimpswiththepiano,Lukewasthefirsttoinvestigate.Wecouldnotbelieveoureyes—thisusuallyanxiouschimpanzeebravelychosetoexploresomethingnew!TousatProjectChimps,thisiswhatitisallabout:givingchimpanzeesthefreedomtochoose.Wearehonoredtobepartoftheirjourney.18.Whydochimpanzeesresponddifferentlytonewenrichment?A.Theyareofdifferentgenders.B.Theyhavenaturalcuriosities.C.Theyareasintelligentashumans.D.Theyhavetheiruniquecharacters.19.Whoshowedtheleastinterestinthepiano?A.ButtercupandClarisse. B.Emma. C.Precious. D.Luke.20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resume”inParagraph2mean?A.Continue. B.Suspend. C.Monitor. D.Regulate.21.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howcaregiverscarefortheretiredchimpanzees.B.Whatcarestaffdotoenrichchimpanzees’dailylife.C.Howchimpanzeesaretrainedthroughvariousenrichment.D.WhatProjectChimpsdoestoobserveandstudywildchimps.【答案】18.D19.C20.A21.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了“黑猩猩計(jì)劃”的護(hù)理人員如何通過各種方法豐富黑猩猩的生活的故事?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“With79chimpanzees,eachwiththeirdistinctivepersonality,carestaffoftenfindthatdifferentchimpsreactdifferentlytonewenrichment.(有79只黑猩猩，每只都有各自獨(dú)特的個(gè)性，護(hù)理人員經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，不同的黑猩猩對(duì)新事物的反應(yīng)不同)”可知，每只猩猩都有自己獨(dú)特的個(gè)性，所以對(duì)新事物會(huì)有不同的反應(yīng)；選項(xiàng)D意為“他們有自己獨(dú)特的性格”，與原文相符。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段前三句的“29-year-oldPrecioushasverylittletoleranceforthepiano.Shesatofftothesideforafewminutes,buteventuallyshedecidedthatwasenough.Shecalledanendtotheenrichmentsessionbythrowingahandfulofwasteatthepiano.(29歲的Precious對(duì)鋼琴的承受力很小。她在一旁坐了幾分鐘，但最后她覺得已經(jīng)夠了。她向鋼琴扔了幾個(gè)垃圾，以此結(jié)束了豐富的演奏)”可知，Precious對(duì)鋼琴最不感興趣。故選C項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Additionalmusicianswerelineduptovisitbutthecoronavirushasstoppedtheactivities,whichwehopetoresumeinthenearfuture.(更多的音樂家排隊(duì)等著來為黑猩猩們演奏，但冠狀病毒已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致這個(gè)活動(dòng)停止了，我們希望在不久的將來恢復(fù)這個(gè)活動(dòng))”，可知這個(gè)讓音樂家給猩猩演奏樂器的活動(dòng)因?yàn)樾鹿诓《颈黄戎兄?，但是我們希望在不久的將來能恢?fù)這個(gè)活動(dòng)，即繼續(xù)進(jìn)行這個(gè)活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)A意為“繼續(xù)”，與原文相符。故選A項(xiàng)。【21題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句“Oneofthegreatestchallengesincaringforsuchintelligentanimalsaschimpanzees(猩猩)isprovidingthemwithenrichingexperiences.Everyday,thechimpanzeesatProjectChimpsreceivemorningandeveningfood-basedenrichmentdevices,butcaregiversarealwayslookingformorewaystokeepthechimpsmentallyengaged.(照顧像黑猩猩這樣聰明的動(dòng)物最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一是為他們提供豐富的生活體驗(yàn)。每天，“黑猩猩計(jì)劃”的黑猩猩都會(huì)收到早晚的伴隨食物一起的豐富體驗(yàn)，但護(hù)理人員總是在尋找更多的方法讓黑猩猩保持精神狀態(tài))”，以及最后一段“TousatProjectChimps,thisiswhatitisallabout:givingchimpanzeesthefreedomtochoose.Wearehonoredtobepartoftheirjourney.(對(duì)于從事黑猩猩計(jì)劃的我們來說，這就是它的全部意義：給予黑猩猩選擇的自由。我們很榮幸能成為他們旅程的一部分)”可知，本文主要講述了參與“黑猩猩計(jì)劃”的護(hù)理人員為了豐富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各種措施；選項(xiàng)B意為“護(hù)理人員如何豐富黑猩猩的日常生活”，與原文相符。故選B項(xiàng)。DTheTradesUnionCongress(TUC)hasurgedthegovernmenttousehighproductivityfromthegreateruseofrobotsandartificialintelligencetoreverse(推翻)plannedchangestothestateretirementage.BeforeitsannualcongressinBrighton,theTUCsaidhigherproductivitythankstotechnologicalinnovation(革新)oughttobringgreaterbenefitsforworkingpeople.Itsaidrecentprogresshadmainlybenefitedbusinessowners,ratherthanbeingsharedacrosstheworkforcethroughbetterwagesandworkingconditions.FrancesO'Grady,theTUCgeneralsecretary,said:"RobotsandAlcouldletusproducemoreforless,promotingnationalprosperity.Butweneedadebateaboutwhobenefitsfromthiswealth,andhowworkersgetafairshare."TherehavebeenpreviouswavesoftechnologicaladvancessincethefirstIndustrialRevolution,wheninefficientjobshavebeenreplacedbymachinesorthenumberofpeoplerequiredtodoworkhasbeenreduced.Suchadvanceshavenotledtoatotallossofjobs,buthavedisturbedthetypeofworkpeopledo.Thereareconcernsthatthecurrentstageofinnovationcouldbemoredamaging,whiletherewardsfromhigherproductivityhavenotnecessarilyledtohigherwages.Thelatestavailablefiguresshowlowunemploymentunseensincethemid-1970s,butgrowthinrealwagesremainsnegative.In1950,almostoneinthreeworkersworkedinmanufacturing,whileoneintwelveworkedinprofessionalandtechnicalservices.By2016theproportions(比例)hadchangedcompletely,butinthecommunitieswhichwereaffected,thejobslostinmanufacturingwerenotreplacedbyjobsofsimilarorbetterquality.Wagesinformerindustrialareaswerestill10%belowthenationalaverage.Theincreaseinthestateretirementagebysevenyears,whichwascontroversially(有爭(zhēng)議的)broughtforwardbytheWorkandPensionsSecretaryDavidGauke,isexpectedtoaffectabout7millionpeopleintheirlate30sandearly40s.Aswellasreversingtheproposalontheretirementage,theTUCsaidworkersshouldbegiventherighttoamidlifecareerreview,whilefirmsshouldinvestmoreinworkplacetraining.Atpresent,theUKinvestsjusthalfoftheEUaverage,itsaid.O'Gradysaid:"Robotsarenotjustterminators.Someoftoday'sjobswillnotsurvive,butnewjobswillbecreated.Wemustmakesurethattomorrow'sjobsarenoworsethantoday's."22.AccordingtotheTUC,theuseofrobotsandartificialintelligenceshouldresultin______.A.technologicaladvancesB.higherlevelsofproductivityC.benefitsforworkingpeopleD.morewealthofbusinessowners23.Itcanbeinferredthatthewavesoftechnologicaladvances______.A.hadagreatinfluenceonthelaborstructureB.tendedtobemoredamagingthanconstructiveC.weretheoutcomeoftheIndustrialRevolutionD.slowlyraisedtherealincomeofworkingpeople24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheproposalofDavidGauke?A.ItisstronglyopposedbytheTUC.B.Itwillhelptocreatenewtypesofjobs.C.Ithasproducedawidespreadinfluence.D.Itreflectstherealneedsofeconomicgrowth.25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Technologicalinnovationhascontributedtopeople'swageincreases.B.Thegovernmentplanstodelayretirementage,fromwhich7millionpeoplewillsuffer.C.Theuseofrobotsandartificialintelligenceisonlybeneficialtothenationalprosperity.D.O'Gradyholdsanideathatnewjobsinthefuturemustbeensuredtobeatleastasgoodastoday's.【答案】22.C23.A24.A25.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述英國勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)敦促政府利用技術(shù)浪潮來高效推翻延遲退休七年的提案，來為工人階層謀福利?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“BeforeitsannualcongressinBrighton,theTUCsaidhigherproductivitythankstotechnologicalinnovation(革新)oughttobringgreaterbenefitsforworkingpeople.（在布萊頓舉行的年度大會(huì)之前，英國勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)表示，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新帶來的生產(chǎn)力提高應(yīng)該會(huì)給勞動(dòng)人民帶來更大的利益。）”可知，英國勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)認(rèn)為，機(jī)器人和人工智能的使用的結(jié)果是應(yīng)該為工人階層帶來福利。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，自第一次工業(yè)革命以來，曾有過幾次技術(shù)進(jìn)步浪潮。在第一次工業(yè)革命期間，效率低下的工作被機(jī)器取代，或者需要工作的人數(shù)減少了。這些進(jìn)步并沒有導(dǎo)致工作崗位的全部流失，但擾亂了人們的工作類型，結(jié)合第五段中“In1950,almostoneinthreeworkersworkedinmanufacturing,whileoneintwelveworkedinprofessionalandtechnicalservices.By2016theproportions(比例)hadchangedcompletely,（1950年，幾乎三分之一的工人在制造業(yè)工作，而十二分之一的工人在專業(yè)和技術(shù)服務(wù)行業(yè)工作。到2016年，這一比例完全改變了，）”可以推斷出技術(shù)進(jìn)步的浪潮對(duì)勞動(dòng)力結(jié)構(gòu)有很大的影響。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的前2句“Theincreaseinthestateretirementagebysevenyears,whichwascontroversially(有爭(zhēng)議的)broughtforwardbytheWorkandPensionsSecretaryDavidGauke,isexpectedtoaffectabout7millionpeopleintheirlate30sandearly40s.Aswellasreversingtheproposalontheretirementage,theTUCsaidworkersshouldbegiventherighttoamidlifecareerreview,whilefirmsshouldinvestmoreinworkplacetraining.（將法定退休年齡提高7年，這一提議由就業(yè)和養(yǎng)老金大臣戴維·高克提出，引起了爭(zhēng)議。預(yù)計(jì)這一舉措將影響到大約700萬年齡在30歲左右和40歲出頭的人。除了撤銷關(guān)于退休年齡的提案外，英國勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)還表示，應(yīng)該給予工人在中年時(shí)期重新審視職業(yè)生涯的權(quán)利，而企業(yè)應(yīng)該在工作場(chǎng)所培訓(xùn)方面加大投資。）”可知，DavidGauke提出的延遲退休七年的提案是有爭(zhēng)議的，英國勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)認(rèn)為除了推翻這份提案中有關(guān)退休年齡的問題，員工還應(yīng)該獲得中年職業(yè)復(fù)興的權(quán)利，公司應(yīng)該在工作場(chǎng)所培訓(xùn)方面投入更多。由此可知，DavidGauke的提案遭到了英國勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。故選A?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Someoftoday'sjobswillnotsurvive,butnewjobswillbecreated.Wemustmakesurethattomorrow'sjobsarenoworsethantoday's.（今天的一些工作將不復(fù)存在，但新的工作將被創(chuàng)造出來。我們必須確保明天的工作不會(huì)比今天的差。）”可知，O'Grady認(rèn)為，未來的新工作必須確保至少和現(xiàn)在一樣好。故選D。第二節(jié)：七選五（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）Openanappatyoursmartphoneandscanthecodebaronthegarbagecan.Whenyouthrowgarbageintothegarbagecan,itwillshowtheweightofthegarbageandthepointsyoucangetfromdoingso.___26___Itwillbecomemorepopularinthefuture.Yes,wearetalkingaboutthesmartgarbagecan.___27___Theenvironmentalproblemshavebecomeconstantheadachesinthedevelopmentofthosecities.Encouraginggarbageclassificationhasbecomeaneffectiveway.Insomecities,avarietyofmultifunctionalsmartgarbagecansarebeingputintouse.InBeijing,forexample,asmartgarbagecanisequippedwithanLEDscreen,whichnotonlyshowsnationalpoliciesongarbageclassificationbutalsoshowsthecorrectstepsforgarbagesorting.Itcanalsocalculatetheweightofthegarbageandtheaccumulatedpointsonecanget.Theycanbetradedforsomearticlesofdailyuse.___28___Itsbodyisactuallyascreen.ItisequippedwithsomeInternalsensors.Whenpeoplethrowgarbageintoit,theinternalsensorscanautomaticallytellthetypesofthegarbage.Meanwhile,peoplecanseehowtodealwiththem.___29___Garbagedisposalisasmallissuethatinvolveseverybodyeachday.However,itisalsoabigissue.___30___Withsmartgarbagecansinourdailylife,theideaofgarbagesortingwillbecomemoreestablished.OurdreamofbuildingagreenerandmorebeautifulChinawillcometruesolongaswestarttomakesmallchangesrightnow.A.Garbagesortinghasbeenanewfashion.B.Anotherkindofgarbagecanisevensmarter.C.Itisnowonderthatresidentscheeredfortheirpresence.D.Suchawayofhandlinggarbagehasappearedinsomecities.E.ItwillaffectChina’stransformationtowardsgreendevelopment.F.Over200milliontonsofgarbageisproducedeachyearinsomecities.G.Thegoodhabitofgarbageclassificationcanimprovethelivingenvironment.【答案】26.D27.F28.B29.C30.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，本文主要介紹了智能垃圾桶在城市的試用，并有望得到推廣，有助于中國的綠色發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Openanappatyoursmartphoneandscanthecodebaronthegarbagecan.Whenyouthrowgarbageintothegarbagecan,itwillshowtheweightofthegarbageandthepointsyoucangetfromdoingso.（在智能手機(jī)上打開一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，掃描垃圾桶上的條形碼。當(dāng)你把垃圾扔進(jìn)垃圾桶時(shí)，它會(huì)顯示垃圾的重量和你可以從中得到的分?jǐn)?shù)。）”可知，上文談到了掃碼扔垃圾的方式，D項(xiàng)中提到的“Suchawayofhandlinggarbage”與之呼應(yīng)。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Theenvironmentalproblemshavebecomeconstantheadachesinthedevelopmentofthosecities.Encouraginggarbageclassificationhasbecomeaneffectiveway.（環(huán)境問題一直是這些城市發(fā)展中令人頭疼的問題。鼓勵(lì)垃圾分類已經(jīng)成為一種有效的方式。）可知，下句提到在城市的發(fā)展過程中環(huán)境問題成為令人頭疼的問題。F項(xiàng)指出了中國的環(huán)境問題，即“每年中國的一些城市造成2億多噸垃圾”。故選F。【28題詳解】根據(jù)本段首句“Insomecities,avarietyofmultifunctionalsmartgarbagecansarebeingputintouse.（在一些城市，各種多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。）”可知，該段主要講述兩種智能垃圾桶，設(shè)空處前介紹了裝有LED屏幕的垃圾桶，設(shè)空處后介紹了裝有感應(yīng)器的垃圾桶，此