孔子英文介紹

AGreateducator&

ThinkerConfucius&ConfucianismWinstonSunConfucius

(bornKongQiu,styledZhongNi)wasborninthevillageofZouinthecountryofLuin551B.C.,apoordescendantofadeposednoblefamily.Asachild,heheldmake-believetemplerituals;asayoungadult,hequicklyearnedareputationforfairness,politenessandloveoflearning,andhewasreputedtobequitetall.Hetraveledextensivelyandstudiedattheimperialcapital,Zhou,whereheissaidtohavemetandspokewithLaoZi,thefounderofDaoism.孔子(名秋字仲尼),魯國人，出生于551BC35歲，逃往齊國50歲，大政司司長

56歲，離開齊國

67歲，回到魯國72歲，逝世

EducatorThinkerStatesmanPhilosopherFounderoftheConfucianschoolandConfucianism

SymbolofChineseculture2023/4/225educationEducationHeestablishedfirstprivateschoolinChinaandacceptedthestudentsfromeverywhere.Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature,Riding,ArcheryandMathematics(禮，樂，射，御，書，數(shù)）Hehave3000students.Amongthem,72becamefamousscholars.WinstonSunHisPhilosophyofEducationEducationtarget:thefirstpersontoopenaprivateschooltocommonpeopleCoursecontent:morality,properspeech,government,therefinedartsPedagogical[ped?'g?d?ik?l]

methods:Heposesquestions,orusesaptanalogies,andwaitsforhisstudentstoarriveattherightanswers.Educationgoal:tocreatesuperiormenHisPhilosophyofEducation有教無類。Inteachingpeople,thereisnodiscrimination(ofclass,type,etc.)學(xué)而不厭，誨人不倦。Learningwithoutsatiety,instructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.三人行,必有我?guī)熝桑簱衿渖普叨鴱闹?其不善者而改之。Whenthreemenarewalkingtogether,thereisonewhocanbemyteacher.Ipickoutpeople’sgoodandfollowit.WhenIseetheirbadpoints,Icorrecttheminmyself.HisPhilosophyofEducation溫故而知新,可以為師矣。Reviewingwhatyouhavelearnedandlearninganew,youarefittobeateacher.學(xué)而不思則罔,思而不學(xué)則殆。Learningwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutlearningendsindanger.知之者不如好之者，好之者不如樂之者。Topreferitisbetterthanonlytoknowit.Todelightinitisbetterthanmerelytopreferit.HisPhilosophyofEducation子貢問曰：“孔文子何以謂之‘文’也？”子曰：“敏而好學(xué)，不恥下問，是以謂之‘文’也?！盳iGongasked:“WhywasKongWenZicalled‘Wen’?”Confuciusreplied:“Hewasquickanddevotedtolearning,andnotashamedtoaskedthosebelowhim.Thatiswhyheiscalled‘Wen’”.知之為知之,不知為不知,是知也。Whatyouknow,youknow,whatyoudon‘tknow,youdon’tknow.Thisisknowledge.HisPhilosophyofEducation不憤不啟,不悱不發(fā)。舉一隅不以三隅反,則不復(fù)也。Ifastudentisnoteager,Iwon’tteachhim;ifheisnotstrugglingwiththetruth,Iwon'trevealittohim.IfIliftuponecornerandhecan’tcomebackwiththeotherthree,Iwon’tdoitagain.詩，可以興，可以觀，可以群，可以怨。AnaptquotationfromBookofPoetrycanstimulatetheimagination,endowonewithbreeding,enableonetoliveinacommunity,andgiveexpressiontogrievances.孔子的弟子介紹孔子\孔子杰出弟子英文.pptConfucius&ConfucianismAlsonamedasMasterKongHumanity（仁）Righteousness(義)Ritual（禮）Knowledge（智）integrity（信）Loyalty（忠）Filialpiety（孝）Top10keythinkersintheworld（1984）

aboutConfuciusGOLDENRULEWinstonSunMainarticle:Ren（

Humanity

）(aconceptcentraltoConfucianism)仁

Loveofpeople︰One’sparentsThepeopleEverythingintheworld(universallove)仁義禮智信不學(xué)禮無以立Don'tlearnritualindescribablemade身修而后家齊Thepersonsbeingcultivated,thefamilieswereregulated.家齊而后國治Thefamiliesbeingregulated,theStateswererightlygoverned.國治而后天下平TheStatesbeingrightlygoverned,theentireworldwasatpeace.

Li(禮)Lihastwomeanings:Propriety:asetofmannersorknowledgeofhowtobehaveinagivensituation.Ritual:whenlifeisdetailedtoConfuciuslengthsitbecomescompletelyordered.Li(禮)不學(xué)禮，無以立。Ifyoudon’tlearnliyouwillhavenostructure.道之以政，齊之以刑，民免而無恥；道之以德，齊之以禮，有恥且格。Ifyougovernthepeoplelegalisticallyandcontrolthembypunishment,theywillavoidcrime,buthavenopersonalsenseofshame.Ifyougovernthembymeansofvirtueandcontrolthemwithpropriety,theywillgaintheirownsenseofshame,andthuscorrectthemselves.Confucianism:Canon經(jīng)典FourBooks四書Analects

《論語》Mencius

《孟子》TheGreatLearning

《大學(xué)》TheMean

《中庸》己所不欲，勿施于人。Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.四海之內(nèi)皆兄弟也；AllMenAreBrothers.有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎；Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?德不孤，必有鄰；Virtueisnotlefttostandalone.Hewhopracticesitwillhaveneighbors.禮之用，和為貴。Themostvaluableuseoftheritesistoachieveharmony.Confucius’ssayings：2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。

三人行，必有我?guī)熝?。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之?/p>

1.Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewideapart

性相近也，習(xí)相遠(yuǎn)也。2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。

三人行，必有我?guī)熝?。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之?/p>

言必信，行必果。

ConfucianquotesConfucianquotes1.Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewideapart。性相近也，習(xí)相遠(yuǎn)也。2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.言必信，行必果。

3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。三人行，必有我?guī)熝?。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之?.Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost;thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous.學(xué)而不思則罔，思而不學(xué)則殆。5.Ifamantakenothoughtaboutwhatisdistant,hewillfindsorrownearathand.

人無遠(yuǎn)慮，必有近憂。

6.Thosewhosecoursesaredifferentcannotlayplansforoneanother.道不同，不相為謀。

TheMastersaid,Tolearn

and

thendo,isnotthatapleasure?Whenfriendscomefromafardowenotrejoice?Toliveunknownandnotfret,isnotthattobeagentleman?子曰：學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎？人不知而不慍，不亦君子乎？三人行必有我?guī)熝伞衿渖普叨鴱闹?，其不善者而改之。Whentravelingincompanyoftwootherpeople,Icouldfindmyteachers;Iwouldlearnfromtheirgoodpointsandguardagainsttheirbadones.Confuciussaid，“Hecanbeateacherwhofindswhatisnewinreviewingwhatisold.”子曰：“溫故而知新，可以為師矣。”Confuciussaid，“Hecanbeateacherwhofindswhatisnewinreviewingwhatisold.”子曰：“溫故而知新，可以為師矣?！盜ntelligentandfondoflearning,hewasnotashamedtoaskandlearnfromhisinferiors.敏而好學(xué)，不恥下問。Philosophy

-“Whatonedoesnotwishforoneself,oneoughtnottodotoanyoneelse;whatonerecognizesasdesirableforoneself,oneoughttobewillingtogranttoothers."(ConfuciusandConfucianism,RichardWilhelm)ConfuciusIsaGreatThinker.WinstonSun孔子與老子思想比較異同孔子和老子是古代中國偉大的思想家和教育家，他們的教育思想集中體現(xiàn)在其代表作《論語》和《老子》中。孔子的思想核心是：重視“仁”、強(qiáng)調(diào)“禮”，主張“中庸之道”；老子的思想核心是“道”，主張“道法自然”，提倡自然之道，尊重自然，回到自然的狀態(tài)，老子的思想中處處滲透著“自然主義”?？鬃雍屠献釉趯?shí)現(xiàn)普遍和諧的路徑上雖然都提出了獨(dú)特的見解，并且殊途同歸，但畢竟在思維方式和理論的詮釋上存在一定的分歧。二戰(zhàn)爭觀念老子和孔子都是生活在春秋時(shí)期。那時(shí)諸侯爭霸，戰(zhàn)爭十分頻繁?？鬃雍屠献釉趹?zhàn)爭觀上有相同的觀點(diǎn)：反對暴力、擁護(hù)正義戰(zhàn)爭、主張“慎戰(zhàn)”。但在方法論上卻有明顯的區(qū)別。戰(zhàn)爭觀念孔子孔子十分強(qiáng)調(diào)軍事教育的必要性和重要性孔子認(rèn)為勇主要是來自于對“義”的追求?？鬃铀^“義”，一是指仁義，另一方面是指禮義，只有懂得“義”，戰(zhàn)士們不僅勇敢，而且還會“死而無怨”。老子老子認(rèn)為各種事物都有對立面。如“禍兮，福之所倚；福兮，禍之所伏”等等。提出“柔弱勝剛強(qiáng)”的反命題?！吧苿贁痴撸慌c”，善于勝敵的人，不與敵人短兵相接要求從戰(zhàn)略上取勝。

(二)孔子：最具特色的是因材施教和循循善誘；老子：最具特色的教學(xué)方法是“不言之教”。教育方法OneofthemostfamouspeopleinancientChina——ThisChinesemanwasawell-knownleaderinphilosophyandhealsomademanywisephrasesandtheoriesaboutthelaw,life,ConfuciusisfamousforhisphilosophybecausehemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.Confucius三孔1.ConfuciusTemple(孔廟）2.ConfuciusMansion（孔府）3.ConfuciusForest（孔林）ShandongQufuConfuciantempl