OPNET培訓資料 修復的中文

1INTRODUCTIONTO

OPNETModeler移動通信國家要點試驗室2023-01-15OUTLINEIntroduction引言ProjectEditor工程編輯器NodeEditor節(jié)點編輯器ProcessEditor進程編輯器EventList事件列表TransceiverPipeline收發(fā)器管道BasicDebugging基本調試實例演示IntroductionreturnOPNETEnvironmentreturnProcessmodelisheartofsimulationdevelopmentProjectNodeProcessCodeProjectEditorreturnOPNETModeler-ProjectEditorreturn工作區(qū)工具欄運營Palette節(jié)點背景圖像NodeEditorreturnNodeEditor工具欄創(chuàng)建隊列創(chuàng)建產生器Ideal/Clock創(chuàng)建模塊連接Packetstream/statisticwire/tx/rxassociation創(chuàng)建收發(fā)器

(tx/rx)point-to-point/bus/radio/antenna創(chuàng)建進程節(jié)點工作區(qū)return進程.

Amodulethatrepresentsthemostgeneralbuildingblockofnodemodels.Thebehaviorofaprocessorcanbecompletelyspecifiedbytheuseranditslinkscanbearbitrarilyconnectedtoothermodules.Queuemodule隊列模塊.

Amodulethatprovidesasupersetofthefunctionalityofprocessormodules.Queuemodulescanexecuteanarbitraryprocessmodelthatdescribesthebehaviorofaparticularprocessorprotocol,andcanbeconnectedviapacketstreamstoothermodules.Idealgenerator.ApacketgeneratorinwhichnosimulationtimeelapsesbetweenthecreationofapacketanditsdeliveredtothedestinationmoduleClockedgenerator.Apacketgeneratorthatdeliversitspacketsonlyatintervalsthatcorrespondtothemodulesclockcycle.NodeEditor-ToolbarreturnStatisticwire統(tǒng)計線.Aconnectionbetweenmodulesthatconveysnumericvaluesbetweendevicesorprocessesinthesamenode.Statisticwiresareprimarilyusedtoallowprocessestomonitorchangesinstateandperformanceofthedevicesthatmakeupanode,andtocreateasimplesignalingmechanismbetweenprocesses.Logicalassociation邏輯關聯(lián).Aconnectionusedtoindicatethatarelationshipexistsbetweentwomodulesinanodemodel,forexample,betweenareceiverandtransmitterusedasapair.Logicalassociationsdonotcarryanydata.Packetstream包流.

Aconnectionbetweenmodulesthatcarriesdatapacketsfromasourcemoduletoadestinationmodule.TheyrepresenttheflowofdataacrossthehardwareandsoftwareinterfaceswithinacommunicationsnodeNodeEditor-ToolbarreturnTransmitters發(fā)射器:

theoutboundinterfacebetweenpacketstreamsinsideanodeandcommunicationslinksoutsidethenode.Receivers接受器:

theinboundinterfacebetweencommunicationslinksoutsideanodeandpacketstreamsinsideanode.Point-to-pointBusRadio

Point-to-pointBusRadioAntenna天線:Amodulethatisusedtospecifytheantennapropertiesforradiotransmitterorreceivermodules.AntennaNodeEditor-ToolbarreturnProcessEditorreturnProcessEditorreturn工具欄123456789101.Createstate創(chuàng)建狀態(tài)2.Createtransition創(chuàng)建轉移3.Setinitialstate設置初始狀態(tài)4.Editstatevariable編輯狀態(tài)變量5.Edittemporaryvariable編輯臨時變量6.Editheaderblock編輯頭塊7.Editfunctionblock編輯函數塊8.Editdiagnosticblock編輯診療塊9.Editterminationblock編輯終止塊10.Compileprocessmodel編譯進程模型創(chuàng)建狀態(tài):在該進程模型中創(chuàng)建一種新旳狀態(tài)。創(chuàng)建轉移:創(chuàng)建狀態(tài)之間旳轉移。設置初始狀態(tài):設置進程中所選旳狀態(tài)為初始狀態(tài)。狀態(tài):Oneofthecomponentsofafinitestatemachine是有限狀態(tài)機旳一種組件.Thebehaviorofastateisdefinedbyitsstateexecutives,whichareexecuteduponentryintoandexitfromthestate.轉移:Thepathaprocesstakesbetweenstatesinafinitestatemachine.Transitionscontainattributesthatcanbeusedtospecifyconditionsthatmustbemetbeforethetransitiontakesplace.進程編輯器工具欄returnStateVariablesBlock:Definesvariablesthatretaintheirvaluefromoneprocessinvocationtothenext.HeaderBlock:Definesconstants,macroexpressions,includefiles,globalvariables,datastructures,datatypes,andfunctiondeclarationsfortheprocess.AlsodeclareswhethertheprocessmodelwillbeinC/C++FunctionBlock:DefinesC/C++functionsthatareassociatedwiththeprocess.TemporaryVariablesBlock:Definesvariablesthatretaintheirvalueonlyduringthespanofasingleprocessinvocation.ProcessEditorToolbarreturnDiagnosticBlock:DefinesC/C++statementsthatsenddiagnosticinformationtothestandardoutputdevice.TerminationBlock:DefinesC/C++statementsthatexecutejustbeforeaprocessisdestroyed.CompileCode:GeneratestheC/C++sourcefileandobjectcodefortheprocessmodel.ProcessEditorToolbarreturnProcessModel-StatesEachstatehastwoexecutiveblocks:Enterexecutivesareinvokedonenteringastate.Exitexecutivesareinvokedbeforeexitingastate.returnProcessModel-StatesTheinitialstateistheplacewhereexecutionbeginsinaprocess.Aforcedstatedoesnotallowapauseduringtheprocess.Anunforcedstateallowsapauseduringtheprocess.Laterchapterswillfullydiscussthedifferencesbetweenthesetypesofstates.InitialstateForcedstateUnforcedstateredredgreenreturnProcessModel-ForcedStatesForced(green)andunforced(red)statesdiffersignificantlyinexecutiontiming.Inaforcedstate,theprocess:InvokestheenterexecutivesInvokestheexitexecutivesEvaluatesallconditionstatementsIfexactlyoneconditionstatementevaluatestotrue,thetransitionistraversedtothenextstate.TransitiontonextstateTransitiontonextstateForcedstatesEnterexecsinvokedNoblockingorwaitingExitexecsinvokedEnterexecsinvokedNoblockingorwaitingExitexecsinvokedgreenreturnProcessModel-UnforcedStatesInanunforcedstate,theprocessInvokestheenterexecutivesPlacesamarkeratthemiddleofthestateReleasescontroltotheSimulationKernelandbecomesidleResumesatthemarkerandprocessestheexitexecswhennextinvokedExitexecsprocessedwheninvocationoccursTransitiontonextstateStartofinvocationEndofinvocationUnforcedstatesTransitiontonextstateExitexecsprocessedwheninvocationoccursEnterexecsinvokedBlocked,waitingforinvocationredEnterexecsinvokedBlocked,waitingforinvocationExitexecsprocessedwheninvocationoccursreturnProcessModel-UnforcedStatesAftercompletingtheexitexecutives,theprocessevaluatestheconditionstatementsofalldepartingtransitionsfromthestate.Oneandonlyoneconditionstatementmustevaluatetotrue.Theprocesstraversesthetransitionassociatedwiththisconditionstatement.Atransitionwithcondition=“default”istrueifandonlyifnootherconditionsaretrue.Atransitionwithnoconditionsetistermedunconditionalandisalwaystrue.returnProcessModel-StateConnectionsTransitionsdescribethepossiblemovementofaprocessfromstatetostateandtheconditionsallowingsuchachange.Exactlyoneconditionmustevaluatetotrue.Iftheconditionstatement(x==y)istrue,thetransitionexecutive(Reset_Timers;)isinvoked.TransitionexecutiveConditionstatementreturnProcessModel-ProcessModelExampleModelwiththreeforcedstatesandoneunforcedstate3.Transitionoccurs.6.Transitionoccurs.2.Exitexecsinvokedimmediately.Transitioncondition(pk_count==0)evaluatestotrue.5.Exitexecsinvokedimmediately.8.Markerisplacedandprocessstopshere.7.Enterexecsinvoked.4.Enterexecsinvoked.1.Initialinterruptdeliveredandtheenterexecsinvoked.returnProcessModel-KernelproceduresPacketPackage:op_pk_create()op_pk_create_fmt()op_pk_copy()op_pk_get()op_pk_total_size_get()op_pk_nfd_set()op_pk_nfd_get()op_pk_send()op_pk_send_delayed()op_pk_destroy()SubqPackage:op_subq_pk_insert()op_subq_pk_remove()StatPackage:op_stat_reg()op_stat_write()op_stat_local_read()op_stat_scalar_write()InterruptPackage:op_intrpt_schedule_self()op_intrpt_type()op_intrpt_strm()op_intrpt_code()SimulationandEventPackages:op_ev_cancel()op_sim_time()ID,TopoandInternalModelAccessPackages:op_id_self()op_topo_parent()op_topo_child()op_ima_obj_attr_get()DistributionPackage:op_dist_load()op_dist_outcome()AllKPsbeginwithprefix“op_”.op_<familynamedescribingobject>_<action>CommonlyusedKPs:returnEventListreturnTime EventType Module0.0 Initialize src.gen0.0 Initialize src.rte4.3 Timerexpires src.gen4.3 Packetarrives src.rte

HeadEventList-EventListConceptsAnOPNETsimulationmaintainsasingleglobaleventlist.Allobjectsaccessasharedsimulationtimeclock.Eventsarescheduledonthelistintimeorder.Thefirsteventonthelististhehead.Aneventhasdataassociatedwithit.Whenaneventcompletesitisremovedfromthelist.Aneventisarequestforaparticularactivitytooccuratacertaintime.OPNETsimulationsareevent-driven.Time,inthesimulation,advanceswhenaneventoccurs.returnEventList-InterruptsAneventbecomesaninterruptwhenitreachestheheadoftheeventlistandisdeliveredbytheSimulationKerneltothedesignatedmodule.Dataassociatedwiththeeventcanbeobtainedbythemodulewhentheinterruptoccurs.Certainmodules,processes,andqueuescanbeselectedtoplaceinitialinterruptsontheeventlist.returnEventList-TheSimulationKernelAnentity,theSimulationKernel

(SK),managestheeventlist.TheSKdeliverseachevent,in

sequence,totheappropriate

module.TheSKreceivesrequestsfrom

modulesandinsertsnewevents

ontheeventlist.ExitexecsprocessedwheninvocationoccursUnforcedstatesTransitiontonextstateExitexecsprocessedwheninvocationoccursEnterexecsinvokedBlocked,waitingforinvocationredTransitiontonextstateForcedstatesEnterexecsinvokedNoblockingorwaitingExitexecsinvokedgreenreturnEventList-HowDoestheEventListWork?Neweventreachesheadofeventlist,whichcausesSimulationKerneltodeliveraninterrupttotheappropriatemoduleSimulationKernelregainscontrolfrommoduleProcess,withinthemodulegainscontrolandprocessesinterruptSimulationKerneldeleteseventfromeventlist,allowingneweventtoreachheadoflistreturnEventList-ConceptsReviewedSomeeventsmustbeenteredontheeventlistatthestartofasimulation.Ageneratormoduleentersaninitialevent.Aprocessororqueuemodulehasthebegsiminterruptattributeenabled.Aneventlisttypicallyhasafewevents–eacheventspawnsanothereventortwothatisplacedonthelistasthespawningeventisdeleted.Theeventlistisalwaysgrowingandshrinking.Aneventispendinguntilexecuted.Apendingeventcanbecancelled.returnEventList-DeliveryofInterruptsWhenaninterruptisdeliveredtoamodule,controlpassesfromtheSimulationKerneltothemodule.Ifthemoduleisaqueueorprocessor,theinterruptisdeliveredtotheprocessrunningwithinthemodule.returnEventList-TheSimulationKernelandProcessesControlpassesbetweentheSimulationKernel(SK)andmultipleprocesses(pr1,pr2,etc.),asdescribed.Description

Incontrol

Idle

Readfirsteventoneventlist.Delivertoappropriateprocess(pr1).

SK Allprocesses Invokeenterandexitexecsof

forced1

state.Evaluateconditionstatementsand

transition

pr1 SK;otherprocessestoforced2state.

Invokeenterandexitexecsofforced2.Transition

to

unforcedstate.Invokeenterexecsofunforcedstate.ReleasecontroltoSK.Becomeidle.Removefirsteventfromeventlist.Advancenexteventto

headoflist.

SK AllprocessesDeliverinterrupttopr2.Invokeenterandexitexecsofinitialstate(thisprocessmodelisnotshown).

pr2 SK;otherprocessesEvaluateconditionstatementsandtransitiontonextstate...3.Transitionoccurs.6.Transitionoccurs.2.Exitexecsinvokedimmediately.Transitioncondition(pk_count==0)evaluatestotrue.5.Exitexecsinvokedimmediately.8.Markerisplacedandprocessstopshere.7.Enterexecsinvoked.4.Enterexecsinvoked.1.Initialinterruptdeliveredandtheenterexecsinvoked.returnEventList-SimulationTerminationSimulationsterminateinoneoffourwaysTheeventlistisemptied.Simulationattributedurationexpires.Aprocesscallsfortermination,usingtheKPop_sim_end().Afatalerroroccurs.returnEventList-HowDoesTimeAdvance?Simulationtimeadvancesonlywhenaneventwithalatertimeistakenfromtheeventlist.Nosimulationtimeoccursduringaninvocationofaprocessmodel.Notimeelapsesduringtransitionsbetweenstates.Aprocessmodelmustalwaysendinaredstatesotimecanadvance.Avoidendlessloopingbetween

forced(green)states.returnEventListExampleConsiderthefollowingmodelNetworkmodelNodemodelNodemodel:srcNodemodelNodemodel:dest1NetworkmodelreturnEventListExampleThenetworkmodelhasthreenodes(src,dest1,dest2)relyingontwonodemodels(bothdestnodesusethesamenodemodel).Inthesrcnodemodel,packetsaregeneratedatgenandsentbyqueuetoeithertransmitter(tx0/tx1).Packetsthenflowacrossalinktoadestinationnode(dest1,dest2)wheretheyarereceived(rx)andthrownout(sink).Threemodules(gen,queue,andsink),haveprocessmodelsassociatedwiththem.returnEventListExample-TheBEGSIMInterruptBEGSIMisaspecialtypeofinterruptthatoccursatsimulationtime0.0,beforeanyothertypeofinterrupt.ABEGSIMinterruptusuallyinitializesamoduleandschedulesfutureevents.Anyprocessororqueuecanhaveitsbegsimintrptattributeenabled,resultinginaneventbeingplacedontheeventlistfortime0.0.returnThebegsimintrptattributeforgenandqueueisenabled;thisplacestwoeventsontheeventlist.Time EventType Module0.0 BEGSIM src.gen0.0 BEGSIM src.queueNodemodelEventListExample-TheBEGSIMInterruptreturnEventListExample-ProcessingtheFirstInterruptConsidertheprocessmodelspecifiedbythegenmodule.Nodemodel:srcProcessmodel:genreturnEventListExample-StartingtheSimulation1.Tostartthesimulation,theheadoftheeventlistisprocessedandaBEGSIMinterruptisdeliveredtotheprocessinsrc.gen.2.Becausethisisthefirstinterrupt,theprocessbeginsexecutionattheinitialstate,markedwithablackarrow.3.Becausethisstateisbeingentered,theenterexecsareexecuted.Time EventType Module0.0 BEGSIM src.gen0.0 BEGSIM src.queuereturnProcessmodelProcessmodel:genEventListExample-ProcessingtheFirstInterruptatgenreturn4.ProcessinvokesandcompletestheenterexecsofInit.5.BecauseInitisaforced(green)state,processimmediatelyinvokesandcompletestheexitexecs.6.Processevaluatesallconditionstatements.Thisstatehasonlyonedepartingtransitionwhichevaluatestotrue.7.ProcesstransitionstoWait.EventListExample-ProcessingtheFirstInterruptatgenreturnProcessmodel8.Processinvokesandcompletestheenterexecsof

Wait.

EventListExample-ProcessingtheFirstInterruptatgenreturn9. Oneactionintheenterexecs(line9)istoscheduleaselfinterruptbymeansofaKP.Thisaddsaneventtotheeventlist.10. ProcessplacesamarkeratthemiddleofWait.11. Processbecomesidle.Time EventType Module0.0 BEGSIM src.gen0.0 BEGSIM src.queue4.3 SELF src.genMarkerEventListExample-ProcessingtheFirstInterruptatgenreturn12. SimulationKernelremovesthefirsteventandadvancesthenexteventtotheheadoftheeventlist.Thesimulationtimeremains0.0.13.SimulationKerneldeliversaBEGSIMinterrupttosrc.queue.14. Processinqueuemodulegainscontrol.Itexecutesuntilitreachesanunforced(red)state,placesamarker,andthenbecomesidle.(Thismodelisnotshown.)Time EventType Module

0.0 BEGSIM src.queue4.3 SELF src.genFirsteventisremovedEventListExample–ProcessingtheSecondInterruptatqueuereturnTime EventType Module

4.3 SELF src.genEventListExample–

ProcessingtheNextInterruptatgen15.

TheSimulationKernelremovesthepreviouseventandadvancesthenext

eventtotheheadoftheeventlist.Thesimulationtimebecomes4.3seconds.16.

TheeventattheheadofthelistcausesaSELFinterrupttobedeliveredto

thesrc.genprocess.Theprocessresumesatthemarkerinthemiddleof

Wait.17.

ProcessinvokesandcompletestheexitexecsofWait.returnEventListExample-ContinuingtheProcessatgen18. ToleaveWait,theprocessevaluatesallconditionstatements.Thisstatehasoneoutgoingtransitionanditsconditionstatement(shown)evaluatestotrue.returnEventListExample-ContinuingtheProcessatgen19. TheprocesstransitionstoSend.20. TheprocessinvokestheenterexecsofSendandcallsop_pk_send()

tosendapacket.ThisresultsinaneventoftypeSTRMbeingplacedontheeventlist.Time EventType Module

4.3 SELF src.gen4.3 STRM src.queuereturnEventListExample-ContinuingtheProcessatgen21.BecauseSendisaforced(green)state,theprocessimmediatelyinvokesandcompletestheexitexecs.22.Processevaluatesallpossibletransitions.Oneevaluatestotrue.23.ProcesstransitionstoWait.24.ProcessinvokesenterexecsofWait,schedulesanotherSELFinterruptintheeventlistandbecomesidle.25.SimulationKerneltakescontrolandprocessesthenexteventonthelist.returnTransceiverPipelinereturnTransceiverPipeline-IntroductionInOPNETsimulations,parameterssuchasfrequencyband,modulationtype,transmitterpower,distance,andantennadirectionalityarecommonfactorsthatdeterminewhetheraradiolinkexistsataparticulartimeorcaneverexistreturnTransceiverPipeline-IntroductionModelsthetransmissionofpacketsacrossacommunicationschannel(link)Implementsthe“physicallayer”characteristicsDividedintomultiplestages,eachmodelingaparticularaspectofthechannelDetermineswhetherornotapacketcanbereceivedatthelink’sdestinationS1S2S3S4TransmitterReceiverEachstagemodelsanaspectofthelink’sbehaviorreturnTransceiverPipeline-Introduction8Stages(6-13)AssociatedwithRadioReceiver

6Stages(0-5)AssociatedwithRadioTransmitterReceiverGroupTransmissionDelayLinkClosure(LOS)ChannelMatchTxAntennaGainPropagationDelayRxAntennaGainReceivedPowerBackgroundNoiseInterferenceNoiseSignal-to-NoiseRatioBitErrorRateErrorAllocationErrorCorrectionRadioTransmitterRadioReceiverreturnTransceiverPipeline-IntroductionExecutionsequenceforonetransmission(1)

transmitter(Continuedonthenextslide)ReceiverGroupReceiverGroupReceiverGroupReceiverGroupTransmissionDelayLinkClosureLinkClosureLinkClosureLinkClosureChannelMatchChannelMatchChannelMatchTxAntennaGainTxAntennaGainTxAntennaGainTxAntennaGainPropagationDelayPropagationDelayPropagationDelayPropagationDelayChannelMatch123450executedonceatthestartofsimulationforeachpairoftransmitterandreceiverchannelsstage1executedoncepertransmissionstages2-6executedseparatelyforeachreceiverreturnExecutionsequenceforonetransmission(2)multiplereceiversReceivedPowerBackgroundNoiseInterferenceNoiseSignal-to-NoiseRatioBitErrorRateErrorAllocationErrorAllocationReceivedPowerReceivedPowerRxAntennaGainBackgroundNoiseBackgroundNoiseReceivedPowerInterferenceNoiseInterferenceNoiseSignal-to-NoiseRatioSignal-to-NoiseRatioInterferenceNoiseBitErrorRateBitErrorRateSignal-to-NoiseRatioErrorAllocationErrorAllocationErrorAllocationErrorAllocationErrorAllocationBackgroundNoiseBitErrorRate6889101112Stages9-11maybeexecutedzeroormoretimesStages10-12maybeexecutedoneormoretimesRxAntennaGainRxAntennaGainRxAntennaGainErrorCorrection13TransceiverPipeline-IntroductionreturnTransceiverPipeline-Stage0:ReceiverGroupInvocationOnceatstartofsimulationPurposeFilteroutineligiblereceiverchannelsSimulationruntimeimprovementsPossibleusesDisjunctfrequencybandsExcessivephysicalseparationAntennaNullsRequirementsReturnvalueofOPC_TRUEorOPC_FALSEResultsDefinesdestinationchannelsetforeachtransmittingchannelTxRx0Rx1Rx2Rx3Rx0Rx1Rx3Example:returnTransceiverPipeline-Stage0:ReceiverGroup(default)Namedra_rxgroupComputationNoneResultAllreceiversarepotentialdestinationsReturnsOPC_TRUETxRxRxRxRxDefault:TxRxRxRxRxCustom:returnTransceiverPipeline-Stage1:TransmissionDelayInvocationFirstdynamicstageStartofpackettransmissionSingleinvocationforalldestinationchannelsPurposeComputestimerequiredtotransmitpacketRequirementsSetsTX_DELAYTDAResultsKernelschedulesend-of-transmissioneventSignalsstartoftransmissionofnextpacketintransmitterqueuereturnTransceiverPipeline–Stage1:TransmissionDelayNamedra_txdelComputationBasedonchanneldatarateandpacketlengthDatarate(bits/sec)fromTX_DRATETDAPacketlength(bits)fromop_pk_total_size_get()ResultPlacescomputeddelayvalueinTX_DELAYTDATxTxTimeTxStartTxEndTxDelayDefault:returnTransceiverPipeline-Stage2:ClosureInvocationOnceforeachdestinationchannelCalledimmediatelyafterstage1-nointerveningeventsPurposeDeterminesifsignalcanreachdestinationAllowsdynamicenabling/disablingoflinksRequirementsSetsPROP_CLOSURETDAResultsOcclusion(obstruction)PacketdestroyedbykernelNofurtherstagesarecalledforpacketreturnTransceiverPipeline-Stage2:Closure(default)Namedra_closureComputationBasedonray-tracinglineofsightmodelAssumesEarthissphericalThreeocclusionchecksCase1:90oCase2:90o,<90oCase3:90o,90o,dEarthRadiusResultIfanycasefails,occlusionexistsPROP_CLOSUREsettoOPC_FALSETxRxT>90DRCase1:Case2:Case3:TxRxT<90DR>90dTxRxT<90DR<90returnTransceiverPipeline-Stage3:ChannelMatchInvocationOnceforeachdestinationchannelsatisfyingstage2Calledimmediatelyafterstage2-nointerveningeventsPurposeClassifiesthetransmissionValid,noise,orignoreBasedonfrequency,bandwidth,datarate,spreadingcode,etc.RequirementsSetsMATCH_STATUSTDAResultsKerneldestroysignoredpacketsIfignore,nofurtherstagesarecalledforpacketreturnTransceiverPipeline-Stage3:ChannelMatch(default)Namedra_chanmatchComputationAccountsforfrequencyoverlap,datarate,modulation,andspreadingcodeThreecasesCase1:Nofrequencyoverlap-ignoredCase2:Partialcharacteristicmatch-noiseCase3:Fullcharacteristicmatch-validResultSetsMATCH_STATUSTDAbasedoncaseCase1:Case2:Case3:ModTxModRxDRTxDRRxFTxFRxDRTxDRRxModTxModRxFTxFRxFTxFRxreturnTransceiverPipeline-Stage4:TransmitterAntennaGainInvocationOnceforeachdestinationchannelsatisfyingstage2andstage3Calledimmediatelyafterstage3-nointerveningeventsPurposeComputestransmitterantennagaininthedirectionofthereceiverRequirementsSetsTX_GAINTDAResultsTypicallyusedbystage7forreceiverpowercomputationreturnTransceiverPipeline-Stage4:TransmitterAntennaGainNamedra_tagainComputationDistancevectorbetweentxandrxAlignsallentitiesw.r.t.samecoordinatesystemAntennapatterns/pointingdirections,nodelocationsMajorityofthecomputationDetermineslookupanglesPerformstablelookuptoobtaingain(dB)ResultValueplacedinTX_GAINforusebystage7Gain(dB)TxRxDefault:returnTransceiverPipeline-Stage5:PropagationDelayInvocationOnceforeachdestinationchannelCalledimmediatelyafterstage4-nointerveningeventsPurposeCalculatessignalpropagationtimefromtransmittertoreceiverUsuallydependentondistanceandpropagationvelocityRequirementsSetsSTART_PROPDELandEND_PROPDELTDAsResultsKernelschedulesStartofreceptioneventEndofreceptioneventreturnTransceiverPipeline-Stage5:PropagationDelayNamedra_propdelComputationBasedondistanceandpropagationvelocityComputedforstartandendoftransmissionTakesintoaccountmobilityObtainsdistances(inmeters)START_DISTandEND_DISTTDAsResultPlacescomputedvaluesinSTART_PROPDELandEND_PROPDELTDAsKernelschedulesstartandendreceptioneventsDefault:RxTimeRxStartRxEndPropDelayRxreturnTransceiverPipeline-Stage6:ReceiverAntennaGainInvocationOnceforeachdestinationchannelFirststageafterstartofreceptioneventPurposeComputesreceiverantennagaininthedirectionofthetransmitterRequirementsSetsRX_GAINTDAResultsTypicallyusedbystage7forreceiverpowercomputationreturnTransceiverPipeline-Stage6:ReceiverAntennaGainNamedra_ragainComputationDistancevectorbetweentxandrxAlignsallentitiesw.r.t.samecoordinatesystemAntennapatterns/pointingdirections,nodelocationsMajorityofthecomputationDetermineslookupanglesPerformstablelookuptoobtaingain(dB)ResultValueplacedinTX_GAINforusebystage7Gain(dB)TxRxDefault:returnSignalLockScopeAttributeofeachdestinationchannelProvidesabilityforreceivertolockontoarrivingpacketLockismaintainedfordurationoftransmissionProcedureFirstvalidpacketarrivalatdestinationchannelSignallockobtainedSubsequentvalidpacketarrivalsMatchstatuschangedtonoiseFirstvalidpacketcompletesarrivalSignallockreleasedRxTxTx12ValidValidRxTxTx12ValidNoisereturnTransceiverPipeline-Stage7:ReceiverPowerInvocationOnceforeachdestinationchannelCalledimmediatelyafterstage6-nointerveningeventsPurposeComputessignalpowerlevelatreceiverTypicallybasedontransmitterpowerandfrequency,distance,andantennagainsComputedonlyforvalidandnoisepacketsRequirementsSetsRCVD_POWERTDAResultsKernelusesvaluetorecordreceiverpowerchannelstatisticPlacespacketsinseparatelistsbasedonmatchstatusreturnTransceiverPipeline-Stage7:ReceiverPowerNamedra_powerComputationDeterminesifsignallockisactiveComputesreceivedpowervalid

and

noisepacketsComputespathloss-freespaceDeterminesin-bandtransmissionpowerObtainstxandrxantennagainsResultValueplacedinRCVD_POWERforusebystage9returnTransceiverPipeline-Stage8:BackgroundNoiseInvocationCalledimmediatelyafterstage7-nointerv