項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理項(xiàng)目組織課件

Topic2PROJECTMANAGER+PROJECTORGANIZATION第一頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。I.TheNatureofManmodelabouthumanbehavior第二頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Understandinghumanbehaviorisfundamentaltounderstandinghoworganizationsfunction,whetherareprofit-makingfirms,non-profitenterprises,orgovernmentagencies.Understandinghumanbehaviorisalsothefundamentaltounderstandinghowpersonact----game.WewillmainlyfocusonREMM.第三頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。REMMResourceful,Evaluative,MaximizingModelPostulates1--4第四頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Postulate1Everyindividualcares,heorsheisanevaluator.1)Theindividualcaresaboutalmosteverything,knowledge,independent,etc2)REMMisalwayswillingtomaketradeoffsandsubstitutions.3)Individualpreferencesaretransitive.第五頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Postulate2Eachindividual’swantsareunlimited1)IfwedesignatethosethingsthatREMMvaluespositivelyasGOODS,thenheorsheprefersmoregoodstoless,GOODScanbeanythingfromartobjectstoethicalnorms.2)REMMcannotbesatiated.Heorshealwayswantsmoreofsomethings,materialgoods/intangiblegoods第六頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Postulate3Eachindividualisamaximizer:Heorsheactssoastoenjoythehighestlevelofvaluepossible.Individualsarealwaysconstrainedinsatisfyingtheirwants--wealth,time,physicallawsofnature,limitsoftheirownknowledgeaboutvariousgoodsandopportunities,etccanbetheconstrains----opportunityset----begivenandexternal.第七頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Postulate4Theindividualisresourceful:Individualsarecreative.Theyareabletoconceiveofchangeintheirenvironment,foreseetheconsequencesthereof,andrespondbycreatingnewopportunities----thelimitationisisnotimmutable.Humanbeingsarenotonlycapableoflearningnewopportunity,theyalsoengageinresourceful,creativeactivitiesthatexpandtheiropportunitiesinvariousways.第八頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。REMMsatwork:Thinkabouttheeffectsofnewlyimposedconstrainstohumanbehavior.REMMs’responsetoanewconstrainsistobeginsearchingforsubstitutesforwhatisnowconstrained,asearchthatisnotrestrictedtoexistingalternatives.Theywillinventalternativesthatdidnotpreviouslyexist.Examples…...第九頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。REMMmeansthereareno“needs”----individualisalwayswillingtomaketradeoffs,willingtosubstitute---willingtogiveupasufficientsmallamountofanygoodforsufficientlargeamountofothergoods(inhisorherownsense).Therearenoneed,thereonlywants,desires.demands.Ifsomethingismorecostly,lesswillbedemanded,thanifitwerecheaper.----Cost/benefitanalysis.第十頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Keepinmind:AlmostallthepeopleintheworldactasREMMs,REMMsareeverywhere----GAMEbetweendifferentparties----Trytounderstandwhatdoyourcounter-partyreallywant.第十一頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。II.ProjectManager’sRole第十二頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ObjectivesIDENTIFY:WhataprojectmanagerisWhyaprojectmanagerisneededHowtoperformtheroleofaprojectmanagerWhenaprojectmanagerwillplayakeyroleintheproject第十三頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Projectmanager-DefinitionAprojectmanagerisanindividualresponsiblefor:PlanningandorganizingControllinganddirectingtheday-to-dayactivitiesofaproject(s)DeliveringtheprojectobjectivestoSponsorandSteeringCommittee第十四頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。A.PlanningandOrganizing1Planning1)Thetechnicalactivitiesoftheprojectthatwillproducetheproject’sobjectives:(1)teammembers’activities;(2)scheduleoftheprojectdeliverables.2)Thefinancialobjectivesoftheprojectisbasedonthebusinesscase:(1)revenuefromdeliverablesdeliveredtotheclient;(2)costofteammembers’labor;(3)costofdeliverablesfromsuppliers;(4)allotherprojectrelatedcost第十五頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。2.Organizing1)Theprojectteam,rolesandresponsibilitiesforallteammembers2)Theprojectdocumentation:(1)contractfile;(2)projectplans;(3)projectprocedures;(4)financialdocumentation:invoicestoclients;invoicesfromsuppliers;(5)correspondence第十六頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。B.ControllingManagingtheriskfactorsoftheprojectManagingthechangestotheprojectManagingtheissuesandproblemsduringtheprojectTrackingthetechnicalperformanceoftheproject----schedule,qualityTrackingthefinancialperformanceoftheprojectTrackingthesuppliersperformanceagainsttheircontractTrackingtheclientsatisfactionManagingthemoraleoftheprojectteam第十七頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。WhyhaveaprojectmanagerProjectmanager’svalue----enhancetheprobabilityofaproject:--withqualityproducts--thatisonschedule--thatcompleteswithinbudget--withasatisfiedclient--thatleadstofollow-onbusiness第十八頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Howdoyoudoit1.FollowdefinedprocessesthatenableyoutoPLANandMANAGEtheproject2.IdentifytheSKILLSrequiredforagoodprojectmanager:matchthosewiththeonesyoupossess;developmissingskills3.GAINEXPERIENCE,doitinsmallsteps:gofromasmallprojecttoalargeroneandsoonuntilyouaremanaginglargemulti-yearcomplexprojects.第十九頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。1.FollowdefinedprocessesthatenableyoutoPLANandMANAGEtheproject1).PlanningProcessesDevelopaWorkBreakdownStructure(WBS)--includeitemstocontainriskDevelopthenetworkEstimatecost&effortCreateascheduleRepeatasnecessary第二十頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。2)ManagingProcessesRiskmanagementprocessExceptionmanagementprocessConductprojectreview(s)Projecttrackingprocess3)Fitstheplanningandmanagingprocessestogether第二十一頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。

第二十二頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。2.SkillsRequirementAverygoodunderstandingandawarenessofthebusinessExperiencemanagingprojectsthroughtheprojectimplementationlifecycleFluentcommunicatorAbilitytomanagepeopleandmotivatethemtodeliveraccordingtorigorous,oftenpunishing,timetables第二十三頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。AnunderstandingandsolidappreciationofbusinessplanningandstrategytechniquesAbilitytounderstandandimplementchangemanagementprogramsBeITliterateandfullyconversantwiththeadvantagesthatITmightbringtoaplannedprogramofchangeUnderstandconceptsofriskmanagementandbeabletoexecuteitAbilitytomanageclientexpectationswhileretainingalignmentoverevolvingbusinessneeds第二十四頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。CharacteristicsofagoodmanagerCommunicatorOrganizedPlannerTakesresponsibilityManageexpectationProblemanalyzerRecognizedleaderConfidentAggressiveCreativeproblemsolverConsistentFlexibleCheerleaderPsychiatristLeadershipTeambuilderCoordinatorFacilitatorPeopleorientedMotivator第二十五頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。CharacteristicsofagoodmanagerSenseofhumorUnderstandsuserProventrackrecordSkillsassessorGoalorientedEmpatheticRisktakerRealisticGoodbusinesspersonProfitdriven第二十六頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。WhendoesitStartWhendoesaprojectmanagergetinvolved?WhenanopportunitytodobusinesswithacustomerisidentifiedThisisduringtheCustomerRelationshipManagement(CRM),SolutionDesignprocess第二十七頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。CRMSolutionDesignThebusinessprocessthatmanagesanopportunitytodobusinesswithacustomerDuringthisprocessasolutionfortheidentifiedopportunityisdevelopedThisprocessstartswhentheopportunityisidentifiedandiscarriedonuntilthecustomersignsacontractorrejectstheproposalforthesolution第二十八頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。PhasesoftheCMRsolutionDesignThefollowingarethephasesoftheCMRSolutionDesign:ReviewingtheopportunityDefiningthesolutionCreatingaproposalObtainingcustomerapproval第二十九頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。CMRSolutionDesignProjectDuringthisprojectthereisaneedforanindividualwhowillberesponsiblefor:-PlaningtheSolutionDesignproject-Organizingtheteamandresourcesfortheproject-Directingandmanagingtheday-to-dayactivities-DeliveringtheprojectobjectivesandproposaltothecustomerThisindividualisaprojectmanager第三十頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。SolutionDeliveryProjectOncethecustomersignsthecontracttheSolutionDeliveryprojectwillstartDuringthisprojectthereisaneedforanindividualwhowillberesponsiblefor:-PlanningtheSolutionDeliveryproject-Directingandmanagingtheday-to-dayactivities-Organizingtheteamandresources-DeliveringtheprojectobjectivesandsolutionThisindividualisaprojectmanager第三十一頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ProjectManagementStarts?ProjectmanagementstartsatthebeginningandstopsattheendstartupmanageclosecautionstopOneway第三十二頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。BaselineTheSolutionDesignandSolutionDeliveryhaveoneotherthingincommon----ABaselineABaselineisapositionorstatementfromwhichchangeisidentified第三十三頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Baseline(continue)InSolutionDesignthestartingbaselineistheidentifiedcustomerrequirements--ThisbaselinewillgrowandchangeastherequirementsandsolutionarerefinedInSolutionDeliverythestartingbaselineconsistsofthecontract,proposal,etc.--Thisbaselinewillalsochangeandgrowthroughoutthelifecycleoftheproject第三十四頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Baseline:businesscaseOneofthekeydocumentsofthatisabaselineatthestartoftheSolutionDeliveryisabusinesscase:Businesscaseis:adocumentjustifyingtheprojectinfinancialterm;Thedocumentusuallycontainstheprojectedcosts(todevelopandrun),andthebusinessbenefitthatthesponsorisdeliveringtothesponsoringorg.第三十五頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。SummaryAprojectmanagerisafulltimejobThejobhasmanyresponsibilities:…...WiththemanyresponsibilitiesalsocomesmanyrewardsTheroleofprojectmanageristhekeytothesuccessofaprojectMostprojectsfailnotbecauseoftechnicalreasonsbutbecauseofalackofprojectmanagement第三十六頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。

第三十七頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。III.RolesoftheProjectTeam第三十八頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ObjectivesDescribetheprojectorganizationIdentifyprojectteammembersandtheirresponsibilitiesIdentifyprojectmanagementresponsibilities第三十九頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。第四十頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。InformationServices(IS)ManagementOverseetheprogressoftheprojectScheduleCostUsersatisfactionProjectmanagementsupportgroups第四十一頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ISManagement-SupportGroupsProjectAssuranceLegalUserorganizationsTechnicalProductSafetyOtherinternalorganizationsOtherexternalorganizations第四十二頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。UserProjectManagerProvidesinformation,data,,decisionsandapprovalstotheprojectteamMonitorsandreportsonprogresstoupperusermanagementHelpsresolveprojectissuesParticipatesinprojectteamMonitorsandreportsonprogresstoupperusermanagementHelpsresolveprojectissuesParticipatesinprojectstatusmeetingsWiththeProjectManager,administerstheprojectchangecontrolprocedureHelpsresolvesdeviationsfromprojectplans第四十三頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ProjectManagerOverallprojectresponsibilityEstablishesprojectworkplans,estimatesandschedulesEstablishesprojectstaffingrequirementsEstablishesprojecttrainingrequirementsConductsprojectplanningandprojectstatusmeetingsTracksandreportsprojectprogress,includingschedulesandworkproductsTakescorrectiveactionwhenneeded第四十四頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ProjectManagerPreparesanddeliversprojectstatusreportsEstablishesandadministersthechangecontrolprocedurePreparesandmakespresentationsatprojectreviewsInterfaceswiththeUserProjectManagerandobtainsagreementwhennecessary第四十五頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。SystemArchitectAssiststheProjectManagerindefining,estimatingandplanningtasksCoordinatesdevelopmentofinterfacesbetweenotherteams,applications,systems,etc.ParticipatesindatabasedesignandtechnicalreviewsPreparesprojectproceduresProvidestechnicalguidancetoteammembers第四十六頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。SystemArchitectEstablishesguidelines,standardsandproceduresforformatandcontentofworkproducts(e.g.,reviewsworkproductsproducedbyteammembers)Coordinateswalk-throughanduserreviewmeetingsEvaluatesanddevelopsestimatesforprojectchangerequests第四十七頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。SystemarchitectParticipatesinstatusmeetingsandprojectreviewsResolvestechnicalissuesParticipatesintechnicaldesignreviewsProvidesinputstotestplanReviewssystemtestcasesforcompletenessandaccuracySelectivelyreviewstestresultstoensurethequalityoftesting第四十八頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ProjectlibrarianMaintainstheprojectdocumentslibraryandlogsMaintainsthecorrespondencefilesMayassistwiththeentryofweeklyinputintotheprojecttrackingsystemAssistswithclericalsupportKeyparticipantwithinprojectcontroloffice(PCO)第四十九頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。TestcoordinatorPreparesthetestplan,includingguidelinesforpreparationof:functionlisttestscriptstestcasestestdataEstablishesthesystemtestsoftwareenvironmentandproceduresMonitorstherunningandreviewoftestcases第五十頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。TestcoordinatorMonitorsthedevelopmentofthesystemtestfunctionlistforaccuracyandcompletenessCoordinatesandprovidesguidancetotheUserAnalystsinthepreparationof:testscriptstestcasestestdataexpectedtestresultsMaintainsproblemreportsandproblemlog第五十一頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。TestcoordinatorFollowsuponproblemsreportedtoensurethatproblemsarebeingfixedwithintheestablishedtimeperiodCommunicatesmajorproblemsandsolutionstoallprojectteammembersMaintainsthesystemtestprogressreport,tracksandreportsteststatus第五十二頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Teamleader(1)AssiststheprojectmanagerandsystemarchitectindefiningandestimatingtasksforprojectplanDefines,estimatesandassignstaskstoteammembersPlans,tracksandreportstheteam’sprogressagainstschedulesProvidestechnicalleadershiptoteammemberParticipatesinuserreviewmeetings第五十三頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Teamleader(2)Withthesystemarchitect,evaluatesprojectchangerequestHasprimaryresponsibilityfortheproblemandissuesprocessParticipatesinprojectreviewsActastheprimarycontactwithtechnicalsupportpersonnelReviewstheteammember’sworkproducts,andparticipatesinwalkthroughs第五十四頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Teammember(1)AssiststheteamleaderindefiningandestimatingtasksDocumentsrequirementsandpreparesassignedpartsoftheRequirements,ExternalandinternaldesignreportsaccordingtoestablishedguidelinesPreparestestcases,scriptsanddataaccordingtothetestplanConductssystemtestaccordingthetestplan第五十五頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Teammember(2)ReviewssystemtestresultsaccordingtothetestplanPreparesassignedportionsoftheusermanualaccordingtotheUserManualguidelinesPreparesusertrainingmaterialsand“trainingthetrainer”accordingtotheUserTrainingguidelinePlans,schedulesandconductswalkthrusofotherteammembers’workproducts第五十六頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Teammembers(3)NotifiestheteamleaderofallapparentchangeswhichmightrequirechangecontrolReportsprogressagainsttheplanonaweeklybasis:hoursestimatetocompleteeachtaskotherkeyfactorsthatmayeffectthescheduleCodesofsoftwareproductsInstallssoftwareproducts第五十七頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Teammember(4)InstallhardwareproductsTestssoftwareandhardwareproductsaccordingtotheestablishedguidelines第五十八頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ProjectexecutiveSamegeneralresponsibilitiesasProjectmanager,butatamuchhigherlevelHighlevelbusinessmanager第五十九頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。UserVPSamegeneralresponsibilitiesastheUserProjectManager,butatamuchhigherlevelInterfacetotheProjectExecutive第六十頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ProjectControlofficeMaintainskeyprojectdocumentationlibraryandlogsEnterstheweeklyinputintotheprojecttrackingsystemAssists/maintainsheoverallprojectplansAssistswithprojectreviewpreparationtracks/controlsalldocumentationnecessaryfortheproject第六十一頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。

第六十二頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。SummaryDefinetheprojectorganizationduringtheprojectobjectivesdefinitionphaseDocumenttheuserresponsibilitiesduringtheprojectobjectivedefinitionphaseCompleteaPositionDescriptionforeachindividualontheproject第六十三頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。IV.Teambuilding第六十四頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。TeambuildingHowdoyouselectprojectmembers?Whatdoyoulookforinaprospectiveprojectmember?Hoaprojectteam?第六十五頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。SelectionofprojectteamSpecificationofskillsrequiredResourcepool:yourdepartment,user,subcontractoravailable?Qualified?AssessmentprocessYourpersonnelUserpersonnelSubcontractorpersonnel第六十六頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。TeamintroductionLeadpositionsTaskassignmentsindividualgroup第六十七頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。UserpersonnelSelectionprocessresponsibilityassistanceTrackingproductivityPerceptionofassignmentUserorganizationdepartmentheadexecutive第六十八頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。TeambuildingfactorsEducation/orientationtotalteamyourpeopleuserpeopleFacilitiessmoking/non-smokingterminalstelephonestravel/parking第六十九頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ProjectpeopleStakeholders:seefig.第七十頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。YourteaminterviewsSkillsIndependentSelf-reliantGoalorientedPositiveattitude第七十一頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。TeamselectionExperienceCapabilityAvailabilityAlso:personalitygroupinteractiondesiresandgoals第七十二頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。MaintainingmoraleMoraleboosters:luncheons,activitiesMoraleproblemspersonnelconflictstravel/parkingunusualworkingconditionstechnicalincompetencyexpectation第七十三頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。DevelopingskillsFormaleducation----scheduleitO-J-Topportunities----makethem…...第七十四頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。SummaryAprojectteamconsistsofmanypeopleofvaryingbackgroundwithvaryinggoalswithvaryingskilllevelswithacommongoal/objective第七十五頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。YoumustmanageEXPECTATIONbyunderstandingbynegotiatingbyprovidingopportunitiesbycommunicatingfromthebeginningagreementwithallparties第七十六頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。V.ProjectInitiation:

meeting/orientation第七十七頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ObjectivesDescribethepurposeoftheprojectKick-offmeetingIdentifytypicalmeetingagendaandparticipants第七十八頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。ActivitiespriortoProject

Kick-offMeetingReviewprojectdocumentationHoldinitialmeetingwithuserprojectmanger----identifykeyissues/areasofconcernEstablishprojectworkplanDevelopstaffingplanandprojectteamorg.Developprojectteam’sworkenvironmentPrepareteamorientationpackages第七十九頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Projectkick-offmeetingPreparedandpresentedbyPMWithin2-3weeksofprojectstartAttendees:executivesponsoroftheprojectuserprojectmanageruserdepartmentheadI/Smanagerprojectteam第八十頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。Kick-offmeetingobjectivesInitiatecommunicationsDevelopunderstandingGainagreementEstablishyourroleasaprofessionalmanagerandbusinessperson第八十一頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。TopicscoveredDevelopment/implementationprocesstobeusedSystemtobedevelopedProjectresourcesandscheduleProjectmanagementsystemtobeusedUpcomingdevelopmentactivities第八十二頁(yè)，共九十頁(yè)。DevelopmentprocesstobeusedAphase