國(guó)際交流英語(yǔ)視聽(tīng)說(shuō)B3U6

ThinkandDiscussViewingtheWorldExploringtheThemeAnalyticalListeningSharingYourIdeasEngagingFurtherListeningContent第一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Unit6AfterOilThink

andDiscuss第二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?Howmuchdoyouthinkaliterofgascostwhenthesepumpswereinuse?Howwouldyourlifebedifferentifgasolinecosttwiceasmuchasitdoesnow?ApairofvintagegaspumpsinadesertlandscapeQuestions第三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。

ExampleAnswer1Automobileswerefirstmass-producedaround110yearsago.Thepumpsdon’tlookthatold,butIthinkthepumpsareprobably70or80yearsold.Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?Questions第四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。

ExampleAnswer2Ithinkthepumpsare50or60yearsold.Gaspumpsolderthanthathadlargeglasscontainersontop.Youpumpedthegasolineintothecontainer.Thengravitymovedthegasdownahoseandintoyourcar’sgastank.Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?Questions第五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。

ExampleAnswer3Idon’tthinkthepumpsareveryold.They’vebeenoutside,sotheweatherhaswornawaythepaint.Butthedesignisfairlymodern,sotheymightbe30or40yearsold.Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?Questions第六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Howmuchdoyouthinkaliterofgascostwhenthesepumpswereinuse?

ExampleAnswersAgallonisaboutfourliters.In1930,agalloncostabout$0.25.By1970,thepricehadgoneuptoabout$0.5.In1990agalloncostabout$1.25,andin2010,itcostabout$4.Questions第七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Howwouldyourlifebedifferentifgasolinecosttwiceasmuchasitdoesnow?

ExampleAnswer1Mylifewouldbeverydifferentbecausemyfamilyhasacar.Myparentsuseittogotowork,togoshopping,andtogooutatnight.Ifgascosttwiceasmuch,wewouldusethecarless,andonlyfornecessarytrips.Inaddition,thepriceofmanythingswouldalsogoup,sowemightnothaveenoughmoneytobuyallthethingswebuynow.Questions第八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Howwouldyourlifebedifferentifgasolinecosttwiceasmuchasitdoesnow?

ExampleAnswer2MylifewouldnotbeverydifferentbecauseIusuallywalkorrideabicycle.Ialsobuymostofmyfoodfromlocalfarmers,andhighergaspriceswouldn’taffectthemmuch.Idon’tbuyalotofclothing,electronics,orothergoods,sohigherpricesonthosethingswouldn’taffectmeverymuch.Questions第九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExploringtheThemeUnit6AfterOil第十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Lookatthephotosandthegraphicandreadthecaptions.Thendiscussthequestions.Basedontheinformationinthegraphic,whatisthemajorityofoilusedfor?Whataresomeofthethingsoilisusedforbesidestransportation?WhatalternativestooilarebeingusedinChina?Afteroil第十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Inourdailylives,weuseoilforawidevarietyofthings—fromfuelforourcarstomedicinetosportsshoestoplasticbagsandwaterbottles.Manypeoplebelievethatourconsumptionofoilisreachingitspeak.Oilwillneverbeascheapandcommonasitisnow.Thisgraphicshowshowatypicalbarrelofoilisused.(1barrel=42gallonsor159liters)Afteroil第十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。MarinaWilson’saward-winningsteerweighs1,250pounds(567kilograms),andisabouttobesoldatanauction.Theredbarrelsrepresenttheamountofoilittooktoraisethesteer,includingoilforagriculturalchemicalsandmachineryaswellasthetransportationoftheanimal’sfood.Afteroil第十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Somescientistssaywemustshifttoalternativeformsofenergytoprepareforthetimewhenoursupplyofoilwillbedepleted.Findingsubstitutesforoilwillbeapriorityforscientistsandcountriesinthecomingyears.Afteroil第十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。TheSouthBelridgeoilfieldinCaliforniahasproducedoverabillionbarrelsofoilsince1911.Afteroil第十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Basedontheinformationinthegraphic,whatisthemajorityofoilusedfor?

ExampleAnswersThemajorityofoilisusedfortransportation.Gasolineforcars,dieselfuelfortrucks,fuelforships,andjetfuelforplanescomprisethemajorityofoilusage.Heatingoilandoilforotherproductsmakeuponlyaroundaquarteroftheoilconsumed.Afteroil第十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Whataresomeofthethingsoilisusedforbesidestransportation?ExampleAnswersBesidestransportation,oilisalsousedforheating,manufacturing,andformakingelectricity,plastics,shoesandclothing,medicines,cosmetics,andotherproducts.Afteroil第十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。WhatalternativestooilarebeingusedinChina?ExampleAnswersChinahasbeeninvestinglargeamountsofmoneyinrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarpowerandwindenergy.Chinaalsohasmanyhydroelectricdamsaswellasnuclearandthermoelectricpowerplants.Afteroil第十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。AnalyticalListeningUnit6AfterOil第十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。RonSteinberg羅恩·斯坦伯格（人名）LeilaSparks利拉·斯帕克斯（人名）Listening1第二十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。M.KingHubbert(1903_1989):afamousscientistinthefieldofpetroleumgeology.Heisfamousfordevelopingwaystocalculatethecapacitiesofoilandnaturalgasfields.金·哈伯特（美國(guó)著名地質(zhì)學(xué)家）Listening1第二十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。GulfofMexico:alargebodyofsaltwateroffthesoutheastcoastoftheU.S.A.andtheeastcoastofMexico墨西哥灣Listening1第二十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Biasreferstothepre-conceivedideaswecarrywithusbasedonourpersonalexperiencesandopinions.Anunbiasedspeaker,therefore,wouldhavenoprejudices.Thespeakerwouldbecompletelyfairandwouldconsiderallsidesofeveryissue.Intherealworld,almosteveryonehassomedegreeofbias.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第二十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Thinkingcriticallyaboutaspeaker’sviewpointandbiaswillhelpustobetterunderstandtheinformationthatheorshepresents.Forexample,anenvironmentalistandapetroleumcompanypresidentwouldprobablygiveverydifferentlectureson“TheFutureofOil”.(Seepage132intheIndependentStudentHandbookformoreinformationonrecognizingaspeaker’sbias.)Listening1第二十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Predictingcontent.YouaregoingtolistentoameetingoftheCurrentAffairsClubintheListeningsection.Inthemeeting,RonSteinberg,thepresidentofFutureFuelsInternationalandLeilaSparks,whoworksforacompanythatmakesavarietyofpetroleumproducts,willexpresstheirviewpointsabouttheworld’soilsupply.Matcheachstatementbelowwiththespeakerthatyouthinkwouldmakeit.BeforeListeningListening1第二十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Predictingcontent.Listening1?1.Sincetherearestillenormousamountsofoiltobefound,weshouldtrytofindmorenewoilwells.?2.Sincenewdiscoveriesofoilfieldswillbeprettysmall,weshouldconservetheoilwehave.?3.Oilsuppliesareslowlybeingdepleted,soagradualshifttootherfuelsisagoodidea.?4.Theeraofcheapoilisendingsoon,andwe’llhaveseriousproblemsifwedon’tactnow.a.RonSteinbergb.LeilaSparksbaba第二十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。A|CheckingPredictions.ListentothemeetingoftheCurrentAffairsClubandcheckyourpredictionsintheBeforeListeningsection.ACurrentAffairsClubMeetingListeningListening1第二十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。B|ListeningforMainIdeas.Readthequestions.Thenlistenagainandanswerthequestions.Listening11.Whatdoeseachspeaker’sorganizationdo?2.WhatdidDr.M.KingHubbert’stheoryofpeakoilsayaboutU.S.oilproduction?3.Accordingtoeachspeaker,whatdoHubbert’smodelssaynowabouttheworldoilproduction?4.AccordingtoDr.Steinberg,whataretheproblemswithnewoildiscoveries?第二十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswersDr.RonSteinbergworksforFutureFuelsInternational,anorganizationwhichworkstofindsubstitutesforfossilfuels.Dr.LeilaSparksworksforLomaxPetroleum,whichmakesavarietyofpetroleumproducts.1.Whatdoeseachspeaker’sorganizationdo?Listening1第二十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第二十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswersDr.M.KingHubbert’stheoryofpeakoilsaidthatU.S.oilproductionwouldpeakbetween1968and1972.2.WhatdidDr.M.KingHubbert’stheoryofpeakoilsayaboutU.S.oilproduction?Listening1第三十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswersDr.Sparkssaysworldoilproductionwillincreaseforthenext20years.Dr.Steinbergsaysthepeakproductionofoiloccurredin2006.3.Accordingtoeachspeaker,whatdoHubbert’smodelssaynowabouttheworldoilproduction?Listening1第三十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswersDr.Steinbergsaystheproblemwithnewoildiscoveriesisthattheywillbesmallanddifficulttoextract.4.AccordingtoDr.Steinberg,whataretheproblemswithnewoildiscoveries?Listening1第三十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。C|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcirclethecorrectwordtocompleteeachstatement.1.PeakoilproductionintheU.S.wasin1956/1970.2.Asthelevelofoilinawellgoesdown,theoilgetsharder/easiertoextract.3.Dr.Steinbergthinksoilproductionwillincrease/decreaseinthenexttwodecades.4.Dr.Steinbergexpectsthatoilpriceswillbecomelower/higherinfutureyears.5.It’slikelythatsomesmall/largeoilfieldshaven’tbeendiscoveredyet.6.Dr.SparksthinksDr.Steinbergsoundsoptimistic/pessimistic.Listening1第三十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。C|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcirclethecorrectwordtocompleteeachstatement.Listening1AnswerKeys1.19702.harder3.decrease4.higher5.small6.pessimistic第三十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening1AfterListeningA|CriticalThinking.Readthestatements.Check(?)TfortrueorFforfalse,orMformaybeifthestatementcouldbebasedonaspeaker’sbias.TFM1.Dr.M.KingHubberttriedtopredictthefutureofoil.???2.Scientistsbelievethatoilisanon-renewableresource.???3.HubbertthoughtthatalltheoilintheU.S.wouldbedepletedby1970.???Tobecontinued>>>第三十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening1A|CriticalThinking.TFM4.Itwillbemanyyearsbeforetheworldoilproductionreachesitspeak.???5.TherearestillalotofoilwellswhichcanbeeasilyfoundintheU.S.???6.Thehuge,easilyaccessibleoilfieldshavealreadybeendiscovered.???7.Someoftheearth’soilsupplyisdifficulttoextract.???8.Wemustpreparenowforthebigchangesinournearfuture.???第三十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening1A|CriticalThinking.AnswerKeys1.T2.T3.F(HethoughttheU.S.wouldproducelessoilafter1970.)4.M(Thetwoexpertsdisagreeonthispoint,perhapsbecauseoftheirbias.)5.M(Thespeakersdon’tmentionhoweasilynewoilwellscanbefound,butanynewoilwellswilllikelybesmallordifficulttoreach.TheU.S.isnowextractingoilfromplacesthataredifficulttoreach.)Tobecontinued>>>第三十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening1A|CriticalThinking.AnswerKeys(Continued)6.T7.T8.M(Thetwoexpertsdisagreeonthispoint,perhapsbecauseoftheirbias.)第三十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Dr.M.KingHubbert(left)in1933Listening1第三十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第三十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。PlasticfrompetroleumprovidessolesfortheMelliShoeCompanyinTehran(德黑蘭),Iran.Listening1第四十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。B|Discussion.Formagroupwithtwoorthreeotherstudents.Followthestepsbelow.Listening11.CompareyouranswersinexerciseA.Ifyouhaveanydifferencesofopinion,discusswhichspeakermightormightnotagreewiththestatementsandwhy.2.DiscussthecurrentsituationofoilconsumptionandproductioninChina.DoyouthinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChina?Ifyes,whatmeasurescanbetakentosolvetheproblemofadecreasingoilsupply?第四十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswer1In#4,Dr.Sparkssaysitwillbemanyyearsbeforeworldoilproductionreachesitspeak.Dr.Steinbergsayspeakproductionalreadyoccurredin2006.1.CompareyouranswersinexerciseA.Ifyouhaveanydifferencesofopinion,discusswhichspeakermightormightnotagreewiththestatementsandwhy.Listening1第四十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswer2In#5,Dr.Sparksmightsayitwillbeeasytofindnewoilwells.Dr.Steinberghassaidthatnewoilwellswilllikelybesmallordifficulttoreach.1.CompareyouranswersinexerciseA.Ifyouhaveanydifferencesofopinion,discusswhichspeakermightormightnotagreewiththestatementsandwhy.Listening1第四十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswer3In#8,Dr.Sparksmightsaythatweneedtofindalternativestooileventually,butwedon’tneedtomakebigchangesrightaway.Dr.Steinbergmightthinkthatmakingbigchangesnow,andfindingfuelstoreplaceoil,isveryimportant.1.CompareyouranswersinexerciseA.Ifyouhaveanydifferencesofopinion,discusswhichspeakermightormightnotagreewiththestatementsandwhy.Listening1第四十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswer1Chinaisnowthesecondlargestoilconsumerintheworld(aftertheU.S.).SinceChina’seconomyisgrowing,wecanexpectthedemandforoiltocontinuetogrowaswell.Chinausedtobeanoil-exportingnation,butChinanowimportsoilfromRussia,WestAfrica,andtheMiddleEast.China’soilreservesaresmallcomparedwithitscurrentoilconsumption.2.DiscussthecurrentsituationofoilconsumptionandproductioninChina.DoyouthinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChina?Ifyes,whatmeasurescanbetakentosolvetheproblemofadecreasingoilsupply?Listening1Tobecontinued>>>第四十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswer1(Continued)Yes,IdothinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChinabecausethedemandforoilishighandcontinuestogrow.Ifoilbecomesmuchmoreexpensiveormuchmoredifficulttoget,Chinesepeople’sliveswillchange.Employersmayhavetoshutdown.Transportationmaybecomeveryexpensiveorlimited.Pricesoffoodandothernecessitiesmayrisesignificantly.2.DiscussthecurrentsituationofoilconsumptionandproductioninChina.DoyouthinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChina?Ifyes,whatmeasurescanbetakentosolvetheproblemofadecreasingoilsupply?Listening1第四十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswer2No,Idon’tthinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChinabecauseChinaisworkinghardtodevelopalternativesourcesofenergy.Evenifoilbecomesmoreexpensiveinthefuture,Chinesepeoplewillbeabletousesolarenergy,windenergy,andperhapselectriccarsinordertolivetheirlivesnormally.2.DiscussthecurrentsituationofoilconsumptionandproductioninChina.DoyouthinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChina?Ifyes,whatmeasurescanbetakentosolvetheproblemofadecreasingoilsupply?Listening1第四十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。RonSteinberg:Thanksforcoming,everyone.I’msureyouallhaveotherthingstodowithyourfreetime,butourtopictonightisanimportantone.I’mRonSteinberg,andI’mthepresidentofFutureFuelsInternational.We’rea...we’reagroupofscientistsworkingtofindsubstitutesforfossilfuelsofallkinds.Tonight,though,I’mgoingtotrytoanswersomeofyourquestionsaboutthepeakoiltheory.Beforewe...beforewegetstarted,itturnsoutthatyougettwospeakersthiseveninginsteadofone.Dr.LeilaSparksfromLomaxPetroleumisalsohere,andI’llletherintroduceherself.Dr.Sparks?LeilaSparks:Thankyou,Ron.AsMr.Steinbergmentioned,Iworkforacompanythatmakesavarietyofpetroleumproducts.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第四十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。LeilaSparks:Naturally,oilisessentialforourcompany,sowe’realsoconcernedabouttheworld’soilsupplybeingdepleted.Onedifference,though...well,themaindifferencebetweenMr.Steinbergandmeisthatourscientiststellustherearestillenormousamountsofoiltobefound.We’repushingformoreexplorationtofindthosenewoilwells.RonSteinberg:Allright...Well,beforewetakeyourquestions,I’lldoaquickintroductiontothepeakoiltheory.Firstoff,weknowthescientistswilltellyouthatoilisanon-renewableresource.Oilwasformedinadifferenteraoftheearth’shistory,sooncewedepletethesupplyofoilwehavenow,that’sit.ThetheoryofpeakoilcamefromDr.M.KingHubbert.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第四十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第四十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。RonSteinberg:Backin1956,Hubbertusedmathematicalmodels,andhethought,hepredictedthatsometimebetween1968and1972,theUnitedStateswouldproduceasmuchoilasitwasevergoingtoproduce.Inotherwords,thatwouldbethepeakofU.S.oilproduction.Infact,oilproductionintheU.S.hasbeendecliningsince1970,soDr.Hubbertwasright.TheU.S.isstillextractingoil,buttheoilwellsareinhard-to-reachplaces...placeslikeAlaskaortheGulfofMexico,andasthelevelofoilinthosewellsgoesdown,ittakesalotmoreworktoextractit,too.MaleStudent:CanIaskaquestion?RonSteinberg:Absolutely.That’swhatwe’reherefortonight.MaleStudent:I’dliketoknowwhatDr.Hubbert’smodelshavetosayabouttheworld’soilsupply.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第五十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。LeilaSparks:Icananswerthatone.Infact,engineerstellusthatoilproductionwillprobablycontinuetoincreaseforthenext20yearsorso.Sothatmeans,they’resayingwehavesometimetomaketheshiftfromoiltootherfuels,andtofindgoodsubstitutesforplasticandotherpetroleumproducts.RonSteinberg:Er,actually,yourfactsmaybeoutofdate.Thelatestreportssaythatpeakoilproductionprobablyoccurredin2006.Ifthat’strue,itmeansthattheoilsupplywillbedecreasingwhiletheworlddemandforoilisincreasing.Expecthigherprices,folks.LeilaSparks:Hmm...Ihadn’theardthosefigures,Ron,butinanycase,findingmoreoilisahighpriorityforallofus.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第五十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。FemaleStudent:Ihaveaquestion.Whatif,whatifthere’soilsomewherethatnobodyknowsaboutyet?Wouldn’tnewdiscoverieschangethesituation?RonSteinberg:That’sagoodquestion,andnodoubtthereisoilthathasn’tbeendiscoveredyet.Theproblemthoughisthatalltheenormous,easilydiscoveredoilfieldswerefoundyearsago,sonewdiscoverieswillbeprettysmall,ortheoilwillbedifficulttoextract,likeitisintheoilsandsinCanada.LeilaSparks:Yousoundprettypessimistic,Ron.Ihavemorehopethattheworld’sscientistswillfigurethisthingout,andLomaxPetroleumwillgoonmakingqualityproductsforalong,longtime.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第五十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。RonSteinberg:Well,Ihopeyou’reright,butjustincaseyou’renot,weneedtoactquicklytoconservetheoilwehaveandtofindotherenergysourcesforthefuture.Listening1第五十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening2ethanoln.

乙醇sugarcanen.甘蔗refinev.凈化；提煉molassesn.

糖漿，糖蜜crystaln.結(jié)晶（體）fermentv.（使）（水果、啤酒、葡萄酒等）發(fā)酵第五十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。A|PriorKnowledge.Readtheinformationaboutethanolonpage86.Whatotherfactsdoyouknowaboutethanol?BeforeListeningListening2第五十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening2Alargeethanolrefinery(提煉廠(chǎng))inBrazil第五十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。QUICKFACTS:ETHANOL?Ethanolisatypeofalcoholthatcanbeusedasfuel.?Cropssuchassugarcaneandcornareusedtomanufactureethanol,butrecentadvancesmayleadto“cellulosicethanol”madefromplantssuchaswildgrassesandcropwastematerial.?BrazilandtheUnitedStatesarethelargestproducersofethanol.?NewcarsinBrazilare“flex-fuel”vehicles,anddriverscanchoosebetween100percentethanolfuelorablendthatis80percentgasoline.?TheUnitedStateshasfew"flex-fuel“vehicles,andmostofthegasolinesoldinthecountryisblendedwith10percentethanol.Listening2第五十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswers?Ethanolcanalsobemadefromwheat,barley,potatoes,oryucca.?Thereislessstoredenergyinethanolthanthereisingasoline.?Ethanolproduction(unlessit’scellulosicethanol)dependsonlandandcropsthatcouldbeusedforfoodproduction.?Usingethanolcandecreaseacountry’sdependenceonotherfuels.Listening2第五十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。B|Discussion.Discussthequestionswithapartner.IsethanolusedinvehiclesinChina?Wouldyouratherdrive(orridein)acarpoweredbygasolineorbyethanol?Listening2第五十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第五十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswerChinaproduceslargeamountsofethanol,butitisusedinvehiclesmainlyintheprovincesthatproducealotofgrain:Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning,Henan,Anhui,Guangxi,Hubei,Hebei,ShandongandJiangsu.?IwouldratherdriveavehiclepoweredbygasolinebecauseIhavehearditisbetterforacar’senginethanethanol.?Iwouldratherdriveavehiclepoweredbyethanolbecauseitburnsmorecleanlythangasoline,andIknowthefuelcanbeproducedhereinChina.Itdoesn’tneedtobeimportedfromaforeigncountry.Listening2第六十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。AConversationBetweenStudentsA|ListeningforMainIdeas.Lookatthenotestakenbyastudentduringalecture.Thenlistentoaconversationaboutthelectureandcheckthenotesforaccuracy.ListeningListening2第六十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening2第六十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。B|CriticalThinking.Readthequestions.Thenlistenagainandanswerthequestions.Listening21.Whatpartofthelecturedidthestudentmiss?Howwouldyoucompletethenotes?________________________________________________________________________________________2.Doestheconversationsoundlikeapolitedisagreementorarealargument?Why?________________________________________________________________________________________第六十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening21.Whatpartofthelecturedidthestudentmiss?Howwouldyoucompletethenotes?ExampleAnswersThestudentmissedinformationinpartoneaboutwhysugarcaneisburned.Thecompletednotesshouldstate:Heatfromburningsugarcanewasteisusedtopowermillandmakeelectricity.第六十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六十四頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening22.Doestheconversationsoundlikeapolitedisagreementorarealargument?Why?ExampleAnswer1Ithinktheconversationsoundslikearealargumentbecausetheydisagreewitheachotherverydirectly.Forexample,whenonestudentsays,“Idon’tthinkshesaiditwasburned.”Theotherstudentjustsays,“Itisburned.”That’snotverypolite.第六十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六十五頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening22.Doestheconversationsoundlikeapolitedisagreementorarealargument?Why?ExampleAnswer2Ithinktheconversationsoundslikeapolitedisagreementbecausethestudentsaresimplytryingtogetthefactsfromthelecturestraight.Theyprobablyknoweachotherprettywell,andtheyaretryingtoanswereachother’squestions,soit’sOKforthemtospeakdirectly.第六十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六十六頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。C|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcheck(?)TfortrueorFforfalse.Listening2TF1.Thefirststudentdoesn’tthinkProfessorAnderson’slectureinteresting.??2.ThethirdstudentsaysProfessorAnderson’sresearchwasoncornethanol.??3.ProfessorAndersonsaidthattheburningofthesugarcanewastewouldcausemoreseriousglobalwarming.??Tobecontinued>>>第六十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六十七頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。C|ListeningforDetails.Listening2TF4.Thesecondstudentsaysthatusingtheheatfromburningplantmaterialisnobetterthanusingcoalornaturalgas.??5.ProfessorAndersonsaidthemolasseswasthestuffthatwasfermentedtomakeethanol.??6.ProfessorAndersonsaidthemolasseswascheaperthansugar.??第六十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六十八頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。C|ListeningforDetails.Listening2ExampleAnswers1.F(Thestudentsays,“Ithoughtthatwasaninterestinglecturetoday.”)2.T3.F(ProfessorAndersondidn’tmentionglobalwarming.)4.T5.T6.T第六十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第六十九頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。AfterListeningListening2Discussion.Workwithyourpartner.Discusstheconcernsbelow.Whichoftheseconcernsaboutethanolasfuelseemsthemostimportanttoyou?Why??Farmersmayplantcropsforethanolinsteadofforfood.?Agallonofethanolprovideslesspowerthanagallonofgasoline,yetthepriceofethanolisn’tmuchlowerthanthepriceofgasoline.?Sugarcanecanonlybegrowninverywarmclimates.第七十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第七十頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Listening2AmanharvestssugarcaneinthestateofS?oPauloinBrazil.第七十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第七十一頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswers?Farmersmayplantcropsforethanolinsteadofforfood.(Thisfactcouldbeveryimportantinpartsoftheworldwithlimitedlandforgrowingfood.Ifacountryisproducingethanolandnotproducingenoughfoodforitspeople,itmighthavetodependonimportedfood,soitwouldhavelessfoodsecurity.)?Agallonofethanolprovideslesspowerthanagallonofgasoline,yetthepriceofethanolisn’tmuchlowerthanthepriceofgasoline.(Thisfactcouldbequiteimportanttoautomobiledrivers.Iftheycangetmorefortheirmoneyfromgasoline,theymaynotwanttobuyethanoldespiteitsenvironmentalbenefits.)Listening2Tobecontinued>>>第七十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第七十二頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。ExampleAnswers(Continued)?Sugarcanecanonlybegrowninverywarmclimates.(Thisfactisnotveryimportantsinceethanolcanbemadefromcropsthatgrowincoolerclimates,suchaspotatoesorcorn,orfromgrassorcropwaste.Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldcanmakeethanolfromdifferentplants—notjustfromsugarcane.)Listening2第七十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。第七十三頁(yè)，共170頁(yè)。Student1:Ithoughtthatwasaninterestinglecturetoday.Student2:SodidI.Wasn’tethanoloneofProfessorAnderson’sresearchsubjects?Student3:Ibelieveshesaidherresearchwasoncornethanol—thebestwaytotransportit,orsomethinglikethat.Student2:Thatsoundsright.Student1:Butyouknow...therewasonethingIdidn’tunderstand.Itwasaboutthesugarcanerefiningprocess…Iftheyburnthesugarcanewaste,doesn’tthatreleaseCO2intotheair?Howis,howisthatasolutiontotheproblemofglobalwarming?Student3:Actually,Idon’tthinkshesaiditwasburned.Tobecontinued>>