高考時(shí)態(tài)難點(diǎn)辨析與突破【教學(xué)教案】-【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】

高考時(shí)態(tài)難點(diǎn)辨析與突破【精品教案】—【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】高考時(shí)態(tài)難點(diǎn)辨析與突破【精品教案】—【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】高考時(shí)態(tài)難點(diǎn)辨析與突破【精品教案】—【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】中小學(xué)教學(xué)參考資料教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)試卷隨堂檢測(cè)

高考時(shí)態(tài)難點(diǎn)解析與突破分析近幾年的高考試題不難看出：一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)是考試的熱點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也是考生最容易混淆的三種時(shí)態(tài)。下面我們來總結(jié)一下這幾種時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法。一．一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)是高考時(shí)態(tài)考查的第一大熱點(diǎn)，考查側(cè)重于分析語境，挖掘語境中的關(guān)鍵詞或隱含信息，并區(qū)別于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。在復(fù)習(xí)中須注意如下用法：1．表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中通常都有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,如yesterday,then,lastmonth,beforeliberation,in1960,twoyearsago,justnow,atthattime,inthepast,theotherday,etc.

Hesuddenly____________(生病)yesterday.

(fall)I____________(給家里寫信)onceaweekatcollege.

(write)2．表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作。Thestudentsgotupearlyinthemorning,didmorningexercisesandthenreadEnglishaloudintheopenair.

學(xué)生們很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗讀英語。3.表示說話人始料未及的事情。Ineverthoughtyouwouldbringmeagift.我真的沒想到你會(huì)給我?guī)矶Y物.4．在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Shetoldmeshewouldnotgo____________(如果下雨)thenextday.

(rain)5．在虛擬語氣中表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或在口語中用來表示委婉語氣。IwishIweretenyearsyounger.

我希望自己再年輕十歲。Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemeahand.

我想請(qǐng)你幫個(gè)忙。提示：對(duì)于沒有明確過去時(shí)間狀語而用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子,要注意在具體語境中尋找隱含信息或信息詞but,andnow,when,while等。請(qǐng)看下面的例句：①It'salready10o'clockIwonderhowitcameaboutthatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.②—Didyoutidyyourroom?—No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutIhadvisitors.③Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butitrainedallday.④Iaskedyounottomovemydictionary,andnowIcan’tfindit.二.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式是“have/has+過去分詞”,它常被稱為“與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去”,其主要用法如下：表示動(dòng)作從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者剛剛結(jié)束并對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或造成結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常有以下比較固定的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語：since,recently,lately,ever,never,yet,already,just,before,sofar,bynow,uptonow,bythistime,inthelastfewdays,howlong,for+時(shí)間段,severaltimes等。請(qǐng)看如下考題中完成時(shí)態(tài)與標(biāo)志詞之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系:①Iwon'ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhehasbeenworkingonitformorethananhour.（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）②Wehaven'tmetournewneighborsyet,sowedon'tknowtheirnames.③Theunemploymentrateinthisdistricthasfallenfrom6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.④Seldomhavetheyplayedvideogameseversincetheyenteredcollege.2.注意如下一些特殊句式中使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):It’sthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforschool.It’s/ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.比較：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的的影響或結(jié)果，它不能與明確的過去時(shí)間狀語連用；而一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過去，只表示過去的事實(shí),不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較:Whoturnedonthelight?

誰開的燈？（強(qiáng)調(diào)開燈的動(dòng)作，不管現(xiàn)在燈是開是關(guān)。）

Whohasturnedonthelight?

誰把燈打開了？（強(qiáng)調(diào)開燈的結(jié)果，即現(xiàn)在燈還亮著。）三.過去完成時(shí)

1.表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，其構(gòu)成是had+過去分詞。句中常有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語，如before,after,when,than,by,uptill等，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來不孤立使用,例如:Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.我在進(jìn)大學(xué)之前就已學(xué)了5000個(gè)單詞Bytheendoflasttermwehadfinishedthebook.到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完了這本書.注意如下一些特殊句式中使用過去完成時(shí):a.用于hardly/scarcely...when;nosooner...than句型中，表示“剛剛……就……”.主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。

Ihadhardlyfallenasleepwhenthetelephonerang.我剛睡著電話就響了。Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.我剛一到屋就下雪了.將上面兩句改成倒裝句：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b.表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.那是她第二次見到爺爺。c.動(dòng)詞hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan等用過去完成時(shí)，表示一個(gè)本來打算做而實(shí)際未做的事。Ihadintended/meanttoseeyoubutIwastoobusy.我本打算來看你,但我太忙了。d.虛擬語氣的句子中表示一種未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法，主要用在if引導(dǎo)的和過去事實(shí)相反的條件句以及wish,asif引導(dǎo)的從句中。IwishIhadgonewithyoutotheconcert.

我要是和你一起去音樂會(huì)就好了。Ifshehadworkedhard,shewouldhavesucceeded.要是她努力的話，她就會(huì)成功了。比較：過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：過去完成時(shí)表示以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只表示以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事實(shí)。請(qǐng)看如下高考題中對(duì)一般過去時(shí)及過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的考查：①Whentheoldmanstartedtowalkbacktohishouse,thesunhadalreadyhiddenitselfbehindthemountain.②Johnhadtohavehiscarrepairedinagaragebecauseit___________________(受損)seriously.(damage)③Lastnight,Johnwasansweringthelettersthat___________________(寄給他的)

duringthepasttwoweeks.(arrive)④ThemomentIgothome,IfoundI_________________(忘記拿)myjacketontheplayground.(leave)⑤Ifeelsosick.IwishMum___________________(沒有逼我)toeatsomuch.(force)鞏固訓(xùn)練:Nosooner___________________(我剛一睡著)thantherewasaknockonthedoor.(fall)It’sknowntoallthat_____________________(電話發(fā)明)in1876.(invent)Onlythen__________________________(他才意識(shí)到)hismistakes.(aware)Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelights________________________(碰巧熄滅了).(go)________________________(直到他回來)thatIwenttosleep.(until)Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjust___________________(未被捉住).(miss)Thenews______________________(那房子被燒毀)lastnightsurprisedeveryone.(burn)Theprice______________(下降了),butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.(bring)Never_________________(我遇見他)before.(meet)Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhether________________(見過她)somewhere.(see)Insteadofgivingup,Hawkingwentonwithhisresearch,gothisPhDand_________(跟Jane結(jié)婚).(marry)Theteachertoldusthechemistrytestwouldbesimple,butit_______(結(jié)果相當(dāng)難).(turn)ItwasadifficulttimebutI__________(熬過)itandthenthingsimproved.(get)They____________(申請(qǐng))thegovernmentforfinancialhelplastyear.(apply)Thatwasthefirsttime_______________________(黑人被當(dāng)作)equalcitizens.(treat)Myeldersister___________________________(一直在忙于寫小說)recently.(engage)Guess________________________(我碰到誰了)inthepark..(come)Ijustwonder_____________________(到底是什么)thatmadehimsoexcited.(what)Thefire___________(已經(jīng)撲