教案講稿lesson9episode of war教師版

ANEPISODEOFANEPISODEOFCIVILWAR

CivilWarSceneAFederalbrigaderepulsesaConfederateassaultatWilliamsburg,Virginia,in1862,asthePeninsulanpressestowardRiond.GeneralWinfieldScottHancockcommandedthetroops.Forhissuccessinthisaction,earnedthenickname“TheTheAmericanCivilWar,widelyknownintheUnitedStatesassimplytheCivilWaraswellasothersectionalnames,wasfoughtfrom1861to1865.SevenSouthernslavestatesindividuallydeclaredtheirsecessionfromtheUnitedStatesandformedtheConfederateStatesofAmerica,knownasthe"Confederacy"orthe"South".Theygrewtoincludeelevenstates,andalthoughtheyclaimedthirteenstatesandadditionalwesternterritories,theConfeder-acywasneverrecognizedbyaforeigncountry.Thestatesthatdidnotdeclaresecessionwereknownasthe"Union"orthe"North".Thewarhaditsorigininthefractiousissueofslavery,especiallytheextensionofslaveryintothewesternterritories.Afterfouryearsofbloodycombatthatleftover600,000UnionandConfederatesoldiersdead,anddestroyedmuchoftheSouth'sinfrastructure,theConfederacycollapsed,slaverywasabolished,andthedifficultReconstructionprocessofrestoringnationalunityandguaranteeingcivilrightstothe dslavesEmancipationintheLincolnbelievedthatemancipationoftheslaves,paniedbycompensationtotheirowners,wouldbefairesttotheSouth.HeformallyproposedsuchanamendmenttotheConstitutioninDecember1862.WhatfinallyemergedwastheThirteenthAmendmentof1865,whichdallslaveswithoutcompensation.NewOrleansthelargestcottonexportingportforNewEnglandandGreatBrit-aintextilemills,shipMississippiRiverValleygoodsfromNorth,SouthandBor-derstates.TheBattleofChickamauga,thehighesttwo-daylosses.Confed-eratevictoryheldoffUnionoffensivefortwomonths.CivilWarPart CivilPart

《亂世佳人》Gonewiththe《冷山》Cold《戰(zhàn)役風云》Godsand《堡之役》（英文原著《天使》《與共騎》Ridewiththe《黃金三鏢客》TheGood,theBad,the《一個國家的誕生》TheBirthofa2LIRYInAmericanliture,theCivilWarbroughttheRomanticPe-riodtoanend.TheAgeofRealismcameintoexistence.Itcameasareactionagainstthelieofromanticismandsentimentalism.Realismturnedfromanemphasisonthestrangetowardafaith-fulrenderingoftheordinary,asliceoflifeasitisreallylived.Itexpressestheconcernforcommonceandthelow,anditof-fersanobjectiveratherthananidealisticviewofhumannatureandhumanexperience.Representatives:MarkTwain,WilliamDeanHowells,HenryAmericanNaturalismreferstoakindofli turethatappliesobjectivescientificprinciplestoitsstudysectionofhumanbe-ings.Itimpliesaphilosophicalmeaninginsteadofli FamousAmericanNaturalisticwriterswouldin-cludeAbrahamCahan,StephenCraneandFrankNorris;theyweredeeplyinfluencedbyCharlesDarwin'sevolutiontheorywhichbelievethatone'sheredityandsocialsituationlimitone'sRomanticismand3TEXTWhatpointofviewisusedinanepisodeofwarbyStephenThepointofviewinStephenCrane'sEpi-sodeofWaristhirdlimited.Every-thingistoldfromthepointofviewoftheWhataresomeadjectivestodescribeamood?andwhatkindofadjectivesyoucanfindinthisarticle?Positivemood:enlightened,hopeful,warm,sensational,happy,gleeful,yful,lov-ing,light-hearted,kind,caring,optimistic,liberating,bright,vibrant,exciting,etc.Negativemood:gloomy,sad,pessimistic,evil,confining,cold,icy,hopeless,revenge-ful,hostile,haunting,dark,ghostly,bone-chilling,blood-curdling,painful,threaten-ing,etc. Hewasonthevergeofagreattriumphinmathemat-ics,andthecorporalswerethrongingforward,eachtoreapalittlesquare,whensuddenlythelieutenantcriedoutandlookedquicklyatamannearhimasifheeditwasacaseof alassault.Hesawageneralonablackhorsegazingoverthelinesofblueinfantryatthegreenwoodswhichveiledhisproblems.Thedriversweretossingtheblameofitbackandforth,gesticulatingandberat-ing,whilefromtheambulances,bothcrammedwithwounded,therecameanocca-sionalgroan.Thelieutenant'srubberblanketlayontheground,anduponithehadpouredthe'ssupplyofcoffee.Corporalsandotherrepresentativesofthegrimyandhot-throatedmenwholinedthebreastworkhadcomeforeachsquad'sThelieutenantwasfrowningandseriousatthistaskofdivision.Hislipspursedashedrewwithhisswordvariouscrevicesintheheapuntilbrownsquaresofcoffee,astoundinglyequalinsize,appearedontheblanket.Hewasonthevergeofagreattriumphinmathematics,andthecorporalswerethrongingforward,eachtoreapalittlesquare,whensuddenlythelieutenantcriedoutandlookedquicklyatamannearhimasifheeditwasacaseof alassault.Theotherscriedoutalsowhentheysawblooduponthelieutenant'ssleeve.question:Anepisodeofwarincludesbothnaturalismandrealism.Howdoesthedescriptionof“thelieutenantdistributedthecoffee”contributestotheembodimentofrealism?Key:Duringthismomentthemenabouthimgazedstatue-likeandsilent,astonishedandawedbythiscatastrophewhichhappenedwhencatastropheswerenotexpected--whentheyhadleisuretoobserveit.grimy:a.somethingthatisgrimyisverybreastworkatemporarydefensiveworkusuallybreast-crevice:n.narrowcrackorgap,especiallyinaastoundingadj.:ifsomethingisastounding,youareshockedoramazedthatitcouldexistorhappen.e.g.Theresultisveryastounding.astound:v.使corporals:Acorporalisa missionedofficerinthearmyorUnitedStatesMa-rines.下士thronging:n.alargecrowdofassault:n./v.makeaphysicalattack例：Therebelsarepoisedforanewassaulton ernmentAsthelieutenantstaredatthewood,theytooswungtheirheads,sothatforan-otherinstantallhands,stillsilent,contemtedthedistantasiftheirmindswerefixeduponthemysteryofabullet'sjourney.Hehadwincedlikeamanstung,swayeddangerously,andthenThesoundofhishoarsebreathingwasinlyaudible.Helookedsadly,mystically,overthebreastworkatthegreenfaceofawood,wherenowweremanylittlepuffsofwhitesmoke.他像一個被蟄了的人一樣退縮，并且地搖晃著，然后站直了身子。人們可以清楚Theofficerhad,ofcourse,beencompelledtotakehisswordintohislefthand.Hedidnotholditbythehilt.Hegrippeditatthemiddleoftheblade,awkwardly.Turn-inghiseyesfromthehostilewood,helookedattheswordashehelditthere,andseemedpuzzledastowhattodowithit,wheretoputit.Inshort,thisweaponhadofasudden eastrangethingtohim.Helookedatitinakindofstupefaction,asifhehadbeenendowedwithatrident,asceptre,oraspade.Finallyhetriedtosheathit.Tosheathaswordheldbythelefthand,atthemiddleoftheblade,inascabbardhungatthelefthip,isafeatworthyofasawdustring.Thiswoundedofficerengagedinadesperatestrugglewiththeswordandthewob-blingscabbard,andduringthetimeofithebreathedlikeawrestler.swing:v.moveorcausetomovebackandforthorfromsidetosidewhilesuspendedoronanaxiscontemte:Ifyoucontemteanideaorsubject,youthinkaboutitcarefullyforalongtime.e.g.Ashelayinhishospitalbedthatnight,hecriedashecontemtedhisadj.contemtive沉思的，冥想noun.contemwincev.makeaslightinvoluntarygrimaceorshrinkingmovementofthebodyoutofpainordistress 趕緊避開；畏縮，退避sway:v.moveorcausetomoveslowlyorrhythmicallybackwardsandforwardsorfromsidetosidehoarse:a.(ofa 'svoice)soundingroughandharsh,typicallyastheresultofasorethroatorofshoutingpuffn.一陣（氣味，煙霧等compel:v. orcompelsomebodytodosomethingawkwardly：ad.anawkwardmovementorposition fortableorhostile:showingorfeelingoppositionordislike;stupefaction:afeelingofstupefiedtridentasceptre,oraspadesheath:鞘；護套v.插入鞘＝sheathesawdust:nwobble:anunsteadyrockingQuestion:Whytheauthormakespecificdescriptionaboutthelieutenantsheathingasword?Key:(toemphasishowseriouslyhePleasewritethewordinboldaccordingtotheirsynonymsastound:astonish,stagger,surprise,startle,stunwobble:jiggle,sway,see-saw,teeter;shake,vibratecontemte:view,regard,examine,inspect,observehostile:aggressive,al,belligerent,bellicose,pugnaciousgrimy:grimed,begrimed,grubby,soiled,stained,smeared,filthythronging:mass,multitude,horde,host,mob,assemblageButatthisinstantthemen,thespectators,awokefromtheirstone-likeposesandcrowdedforwardsympathetically.Theorderly-sergeanttooktheswordandten-derlyceditinthescabbard.Atthetime,heleanednervouslybackward,anddidnotallowevenhisfingertobrushthebodyofthelieutenant.Awoundgivesstrangedignitytohimwhobearsit.Wellmenshyfromthisnewandterriblemajesty.Moreo-ver,theyfearvaguelythattheweightofafingeruponhimmightsendhimheadlong,precipitatethetragedy,hurlhimatonceintothedim,greyunknown.Andsotheorderly-sergeant,whilesheathingthesword,leanednervouslybackward.Therewereotherswhoprofferedassistance.Onetimidlypresentedhisshoulderandaskedthelieutenantifhecaredtoleanuponit,butthelatterwavedhimawaymournfully.Heworethelookofonewhoknowsheisthevictimofaterriblediseaseandunderstandshishelplessness.Heagainstaredoverthebreastworkatthe andthenturningwentslowlyrearward.Heheldhisrightwristtenderlyinhislefthandasifthewoundedarmwasmadeofverybrittleglass.Andthemeninsilencestaredatthewood,thenatthedepartinglieutenant--thenatthewood,thenatthelieutenant.e.g.Wearethekindestpeopleonearth;kindeverydaytooneanotherandsympa-theticallyresponsivetoeveryrumorofdistress.我們是地球上最善良的人民；每日善Adj. Noun.e.g.ShefeelsgreatsympathyforthosehomelessQuestion:Whypeoplearoundthelieutenantallseemedstunnedandindifferent？Key:(theanswermayincludethatcommonoccurrenceofdeathinthewarhasdeeplyhurtpeople’sempathyofscabbard:vt.把…/nvaguely:tosomedegreebutnotaverylargee.gThevoiceonthelinewasvaguelyfamiliar,butCrookcouldn’tceitatprecipitate:v.Ifsomethingprecipitatesaneventorsituation,usuallyabadone,itcausesittohappensuddenlyorsoonerthannormal.e.g.Theassassinationofthekingprecipitatedthecountryintoproffer:v.holdoutorputforward(something)tosomeoneforacceptancetimidly:ad.shy,nervous,andlackcourageorconfidenceinthemselves.mournfully:feeling,expressing,orinducingsadness,regret,orgriefsynonym:sorrowfully,sadlyrearward:a.directedormovingtowardthebrittle:a.hardbutliabletobreakAsthewoundedofficerpassedfromthelineofbattle,hewasenabledtoseemanythingswhichasaparticipantinthefightwereunknowntohim.Hesawageneralonablackhorsegazingoverthelinesofblueinfantryatthegreenwoodswhichveiledhisproblems.Anaidegallopedfuriously,draggedhishorsesuddenlytoahalt,saluted,andpresentedapaper.Itwas,forawonder,preciselylikeanhistoricalpainting.Totherearofthegeneralandhisstaffagroup,composedofabugler,twoorthreeorderlies,andthebearerofthecorpsstandard,alluponmaniacalhorses,wereworkinglikeslavestoholdtheirground,preserve,theirrespectfulinterval,whilethessboomedintheairaboutthem,andcausedtheirchargerstomakefuri-ousquiveringleaps.Hesawageneralonablackhorsegazing現在分詞做伴隨狀語)overthelinesofblueinfantryatthegreenwoodswhichveiledhisproblems（which引導定語從句修飾veil:v.coverwithorasifwithagallop:v.(ofahorse)goatthepaceofafuriously:ad.extremelycompose:v.(ofelements)constituteormakeinterval：Anintervalbetweentwoeventsordatesistheperiodoftimebetweenfurious：a.extremelyTIPS:theuseofunderlinedantonymscanstrengthentheeffectoftheQuestion:Asthewoundedofficerpassedfromthelineofbattle,hewasenabledtoseemanythingswhichasaparticipantinthefightwereunknowntohim.WhydoyouthinkcausethechangeintheExerciseFillintheblankswiththewordsinHedroveatafuriousAfterhisdeparture,therewasanintervalofmanyyearswithoutanyIwastootimidtoaskforwhatITheprecipitatedapoliticalThehorsebrokeintoafuriousThelieutenant,stillholdinghisarmasifitwereofglass,stoodwatchingthisbat-teryuntilalldetailofitwaslost,savethefiguresoftheriders,whichroseandfellandwavedlashesovertheblackmass.Later,heturnedhiseyestowardthebattlewheretheshootingsometimescrack-ledlikebush-fires,sometimessputteredwithexasperatingirregularity,andsome-timesreverberatedlikethethunder.Hesawthesmokerollingupwardandsawcrowdsofmenwhoranandcheered,orstoodandblazedawayattheinscrutableThecameuponsomestragglers,andtheytoldhimhowtofindthefieldhospital.Theydescribeditsexactlocation.Infact,thesemen,nolongerhavingpartinthebat-tle,knewmoreofitthanothers.Theytoldtheperformanceofeverycorps,everysion,theopinionofeverygeneral.Thelieutenant,carryinghiswoundedarmrear-ward,lookeduponthemwithwonder.Thelowwhitetentsofthehospitalweregroupedaroundanoldschool-house.Therewashereasingularcommotion.Intheforegroundtwoambulancesinter-lockedwheelsinthedeepmud.Thedriversweretossingtheblameofitbackandforth,gesticulatingandberating,whilefromtheambulances,bothcrammedwithwounded,therecameanoccasionalgroan.Aninterminablecrowdofban-dagedmenwerecomingandgoing.Greatnumberssatunderthetreesnursingheadsorarmsorlegs.Therewasadisputeofsomekindragingonthestepsoftheschool-house.Sittingwithhisbackagainstatreeamanwithafaceasgreyasanewarmyblanketwasserenelysmokingacorn-cobpipe.Thelieutenantwishedtorushfor-wardandinformhimthathewasdying.crackled:Ifsomethingcrackles,itmakesarapidseriesofshort,harshsputtered:n.劈啪聲；vi.exasperating:Ifyoudescribesomeoneorsomethingasexasperating,youmeanthatyoufeelangryorfrustratedbythemorbywhattheydo.e.g.Weusuallythinkoftrainingandinstructionaswords,butwordscanendupexas-peratingourkids.reverberated:Whenaloudsoundreverberatesthroughace,itechoesthroughinscrutable:Ifa ortheirexpressionisinscrutable,itisveryhardtoknowwhattheyarereallythinkingorwhattheymean.e.g.It'soneoftheworld'sleading-andsomewhatinscrutable-technologycompa-stragglers:Thestragglersarethepeopleinagroupwhoaremovingmoreslowlyormakinglessprogressthantheothers.brigade:n.旅；大；隊列/vt.把…編成旅；把…編成commotion:theactofmakinganoisyinterlocked:thingsthatinterlockorareinterlockedgobetweenorthrougheachothersothattheyarelinked.gesticulating:makingmovementswithyourarmsorhandstosendsomemessage.berating:speakingtosomeoneangrilyaboutsomethingtheyhavedonewrong.cram:pleyfill(aceorcontainer)tothepointofoverflowinginterminable:tiresomelywrong;seeminglywithoutend.:rage:n.violentuncontrollableserenely：calmlyandAbusysurgeonwaspassingnearthelieutenant."Good-morning,"hesaid,withafriendlys .Thenhecaughtsightofthelieutenant'sarmandhisfaceatoncechanged."Well,let'shavealookatit."Heseemedpossessedsuddenlyofagreatcon-temptforthelieutenant.Thiswoundevidentlycedthelatteronaverylowsocialne.Thedoctorcriedoutimpatiently,"Whatmutton-headhadtieditupthatwayanyhow?"Thelieutenantanswered,"Oh,aman."Whenthewoundwasdisclosedthedoctorfingereditdisdainfully."Humph,"hesaid."YoucomealongwithmeandI'll'tendtoyou."Hisvoicecontainedthesamescornasifheweresaying,"Youwillhavetogotojail."Thelieutenanthadbeenverymeek,butnowhisfaceflushed,andhelookedintothedoctor'seyes."IguessIwon'thaveitamputated,"hesaid."Nonsense,man!Nonsense!Nonsense!"criedthedoctor."Comealong,now.Iwon'tamputateit.Comealong.Don'tbeababy.""Letgoofme,"saidthelieutenant,holdingbackwrathfully,hisglancefixeduponthedooroftheoldschool-house,assinistertohimastheportalsofdeath.Andthisisthestoryofhowthelieutenantlosthisarm.Whenhereachedhome,hissisters,hismother,hiswifesobbedforalongtimeatthesightoftheflatsleeve."Oh,well,"hesaid,standingshamefacedamidthesetears,"Idon'tsupposeitmatterssomuchasallthat."contempt:n.thefeelingthata orathingisworthlessorbeneathconsidera-disdainfully:ad.showingcontemptorlackofscorn:n.afeelingandexpressionofcontemptordisdainforsomeoneormeek:a.amputate:v.quiet,gentle,andeasilyimposedon;sinister:a.Somethingthatissinisterseemsevilorportal:n.entrancea.fullofangerThenhecaughtsightofthelieutenant'sarmandhisfaceatonceWhydoyouthinkthedoctor’sfaceWhat’sthemainfeaturesofthedoctor?(arrogant,cold-blood...)Whytheauthorcre-atedsuchacharacter?(Toimplythedistincthierarchyincurrentsociety...)DoyouthinkitreallymatterssomuchasallthattotheGivetwoexamples(howthelieutenantquietlyandbravelyenduredagony)thatrepre-sentthetypicalnaturalism.4Writingexercise:Afterreadingthearticle,doyouthinkwarsarejustifiedtoquirepeopletoenrollandsacrificethemselvesforpatrioticreason?Usingthestoryfromthearticletoexemplify.Words300.ReadingTheworkoftherailroadpioneersinAmericabecamethebasisforagreatsurgeofrail-roadbuildinghalfwaythroughthenineteenthcenturythatlinkedthenationtogetherasneverbefore.Railroadseventuallybecamethenation’snumberonetransportationsystem,andremainedsountiltheconstructionoftheinterstatehighwaysystemhalf-waythroughthetwentiethcentury.Theywereofcrucialimportanceinstimulatingeconomicexpansion,buttheirinfluencereachedbeyondtheeconomyandwasperva-siveinAmericansocietyatlarge.By1804,EnglishaswellasAmericaninventorshadexperimentedwith formovinglandvehicles.In1920,JohnStevensrana otiveandcarsaroundinacirculartrackonhisNewJerseyestate,whichthepublicsawasanamusingtoy.Andin1825,afteropeningashortlengthoftrack,theStocktontoDarlingtonRail-roadinEnglandbecamethefirstlinetocarrygeneraltraffic.Americanbusinesspeo-ple,especiallythoseintheAtlanticcoastalregionwholookedforbettercommunica-tionwiththeWest,quicklybecameinterestedintheEnglishexperiment.ThefirstinAmericatobeginactualoperationswastheBaltimoreandOhio,whichopenedathirteen-lengthoftrackin1830.Itusedateamofhorsestopullatrainofpassengercarriagesandfreightwagonsalongthetrack. otivepowerdidn’tcomeintoregularserviceuntiltwoyearslater.However,forthefirstdecadeormore,therewasnotyetatruerailroadEventhelongestofthelineswasrelativelyshortinthe1830’s,andmostofthemservedsimplytoconnectwaterroutestoeachother,nottolinkonerailroadtoan-other.Evenwhentwolinesdidconnect,thetracksoftendifferedinwidth,socarsfromonelinecouldn’tfitontotracksofthenextline.Scheduleswereunreliableandwreckswerefrequent.Significantly,however,someimportantdevelopmentsduringthe