北京市豐臺區(qū)2021屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語Word版含解析

豐臺區(qū)202（）?2021學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期期末練習英語試卷考生須知1.答題前，考生務(wù)必先將答題卡上的學(xué)校、年級、班級、姓名、準考證號用黑色字跡簽字筆填寫清楚，并認真核對條形碼上的準考證號、姓名，在答題卡的“條形碼粘貼區(qū)”貼好條形碼。.本次考試所有答題均在答題卡上完成。選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆以正確填涂方式將各小題對應(yīng)選項涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它選項。非選擇題必須使用標準黑色字跡簽字筆書寫，要求字體工整、字跡清楚。.請嚴格按照答題卡上題號在相應(yīng)答題區(qū)內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試卷、草稿紙上答題無效。.本試卷滿分共100分，作答時長90分鐘。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。HelpingPawsCraigCookhasaveryspecialservicepartner-atwenty-five-year-oldfemalecapuchinmonkeynamedMinnie.In2012,whenhewasthirtyyearsold,Craigwasinacar1thatlefthimaquadriplegic,someonewhosearmsandlegsdon'tworkproperly.Forseveralyears,Craigneededhelpfromotherpeopleforsuchbasicneeds2gettingadrinkofwater.ThenMinniecametoCraigthroughtheHelpingHandsOrganization.MinniewasbornatSouthwick'sZooinNewYork.AspartofthespecialHelpingHandsprogram,whileshewasababy,shewasgiventoafoster（寄養(yǎng)）family3caredforherandhelpedherlearntolivewithpeople.Shelearnedbasic4suchasturningofflightsandfetchingoncommand.NextMinnie5theHelpingHandsMonkeyCollegefortwoyears.Atthecollege,shelearnedtasksthatwouldhelpa（n）6person.Theseincludedtakingfoodoutofarefrigerator,turningpagesinabookoneatatime,andpickingupobjectsthathadbeendropped.Itisalong7process,butcapuchinmonkeyscanlivetobefbrty-fiveyearsold.Sotheycanbe8toprovideservicefbrmanyyears.Craigsaid,"LivingwithMinnieislikelivingwithagoodfriend.Andsinceshe'sbeenwithme,Minnie'slearned9moreneatthingstodo,likemakingpopcorninthemicrowave（微波爐）.ThankstoMinnie,Icanlive10withcaregiversonlycominginfbrashorttimeeachday.And,whenIgoout.insteadofbeingseen【26題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theyfoundthatmanyofthekidstherehadneverhadasinglebirthdaypartybefore,so（heydecided（othrowabirthdaypartyforthosehomelesskids.”可知，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那里的許多孩子以前從來沒有過一個生日派對，所以他們決定為那些無家可歸的孩子們舉辦一個生日派對。由此可知，這對夫妻決定通過舉辦生日派對的方式來幫助這些孩子們。故選C項。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Doingherbesttonormalizethesekids'livesisbothheartwarmingandbittersweet,Marysays.（瑪麗說，盡她所能讓這些孩子的生活正常化，既溫暖又苦樂參半）”和最后一段"Itmaybewhy,afterthrowing88parties,shestillcriesaftereachone.（這也許就是為什么在舉辦了88場派對之后，她每次都要哭）”可知，Mary是一個樂于助人且慷慨的人。故選B項。【28題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“InLosAngeles'sinfamousSkidRow,therearehundredsofchildrenlivingonthestreetsorinshelters.Ifsaplacewheredreamsgotodie.Butonecoupleisdeterminedtousetheirownexperiencewithlosstofosterasenseofhope.（在洛杉磯臭名昭著的貧民窟，有數(shù)百名兒童流落街頭或住在收容所。這是一個夢想破滅的地方。但有一對夫婦決心用他們自己的經(jīng)歷來培養(yǎng)希望）”以及后文這對夫婦的做法介紹可知，這對夫婦通過他們的行為，盡量讓這些孩子們感受到愛和希望。由此可知，這個故事意在告訴我們“哪里有愛，哪里就有希望“。故選D項。CWildfireshaverecentlyruinedregionsacrosstheworld,andtheirseverityisincreasing.Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersledbyYapeiWang,achemistatRenminUniversityofChina,saytheyhavedevelopedaninexpensivedevicetodetectsuchfiresearlierandwithlesseffort.Currentdetectionmethodsrelyheavilyonhumanwatchfulness,whichcandelayaneffectiveresponse.Mostwildfiresarereportedbythegeneralpublic,andotherwarningscomefromroutinefootpatrols（巡邏隊）andwatchtowerobservers.Passingplanesandsatellitesalsooccasionallyspotsomething,but“thefirefirstappearsontheground,“Wangsays.uWhcnyouseethefirefromthesky,itistoolate.”Theteamsaysitsnewdevicecanbeplacedneartreetrunks,basesandsendawirelesssignaltoanearbyreceiverifthereisanunusualtemperatureincrease.Thekeyismoltensalts（熔鹽）liquids:asuddentemperaturechangecauseselectrons（電子）totravelwithintheliquids,creatingelectricalenergythatcauseselectrodestosendthesignal.Theteamprintedthesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreateasensor.JessicaMcCarty,ageographeratMiamiUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysplaceswherewildlandandcitymeetcouldpotentiallybenefitfromsuchadevice.Shesays,“Whenafirebreaksout,thehomeownerwillknowbeforethefireagencymayhavedetectedit.^^Butimprovingintegrationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmorevitaltoaddress,saysGrahamKent,aseismologistattheUniversityofNevada,whowasalsonotpartofthestudy.<lThewholewaythatyourespondtoafireuntilit'sputoutislikeaballet,Mhesays."You'dhavetochoreograph（編舞）itjustso,“withresourcesdistributedatpreciselytherighttimeandplacefromdetectiontoconfirmationtodispatch（派遣）toextinguishing.tkFiredetectionisjuststepone;ifyoublowstepstwothrough98,allthattechnology...justdoesn'tmalter.^^Wangsayshisteam'snextstepsaretoextendthedevice'ssignalrangebeyondthecurrent100meters,whichcanlimitpracticaluse,andtodevelopaprotectivewallfbrit.Thedevice'seffectiveness,McCartynotes,willalsoneedtobetestedinthefield.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewdevice?Itcanspotfirefromthesky.Itcansendtimelywarningoffire.Itusesmoltensaltstotestthesignal.Itreceivessignalsfromtreetrunks,bases.AccordingtoGrahamKent,whatisthekeytofirefighting?Thetimefordetection.Theprovidednewtechnology.Preciselydistributedresources.Cooperationofdifferentdepartments.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FightingFirewithPaper B.FireIsunderControlC.FightingFireintheForest D.FirefightingIsaMatterofUrgency【答案】29.B30.D31.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一種新的設(shè)備，這個新設(shè)備能及時發(fā)出火災(zāi)警報?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句"Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersledbyYapeiWang,achemistatRenminUniversityofChina,saytheyhavedevelopedaninexpensivedevicetodetectsuchfiresearlierandwithlesseffort."（中國人民大學(xué)化學(xué)家王亞培領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員表示，為了減少火災(zāi)的危害，他們開發(fā)了一種廉價的設(shè)備，可以更早、更省力地探測到此類火災(zāi)。）和第三段關(guān)鍵句"Theteamsaysilsnewdevicecanbeplacedneartreetrunks'basesandsendawirelesssignaltoanearbyreceiverifthereisanunusualtemperatureincrease.v（研究小組說，他們的新設(shè)備可以放在樹干底部附近，如果氣溫異常升高，會向附近的接收器發(fā)送無線信號。）可知，這個新設(shè)備可以更早、更省力地探測到火災(zāi)，并向接收器發(fā)送無線信號。由此可知，這個新設(shè)備能及時發(fā)出火災(zāi)警報。故選B項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句uButimprovingintegrationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmorevitaltoaddress,saysGrahamKent,aseismologistattheUniversityofNevada,whowasalsonotpartofthestudy."（沒有參與這項研究的內(nèi)華達大學(xué)的地震學(xué)家GrahamKent說，但改善參與滅火工作的不同機構(gòu)之間的合作更為重要。）可知，GrahamKent認為對于滅火工作，不同部門之間的合作更為重要，由此可知，根據(jù)GrahamKent的說法，救火的關(guān)鍵是不同部門的合作。故選D項。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了一種新設(shè)備，能及時發(fā)出火災(zāi)警報。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句"Thekeyismoltensalts（熔鹽）liquids:asuddentemperaturechangecauseselections（電子）totravelwithintheliquids,creatingelectricalenergy（hatcauseselectrodestosend（hesignal.Theteamprinted（hesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreateasensor.w（關(guān)鍵是熔鹽液體：溫度的突然變化使電子在液體中運動，產(chǎn)生電能，使電極發(fā)出信號。研究小組將這些物質(zhì)印在普通的紙上，制成傳感器。）可知，這種設(shè)備中傳感器的制作用到的是普通的紙，“FightingFirewilhP叩er”意為“用紙救火”，能夠概括文章內(nèi)容及這種新設(shè)備的特點。故選A項。DHumanshaveahabitofdelayingtheirownprogress.Fromcoffeetorefrigeratortogeneticallychangedfood,historyisfilledwithinnovationsthatcausedresistancebeforetheybecomenecessityineverydaylife.CalestousJuma,aprofessorofHarvardUniversity,exploresthisphenomenoninhislatestbook.InnovationandItsEnemies:WhyPeopleResistNewTechnologies.AmongJuma'sclaimsisthatpeopledonotfearinnovationsimplybecausethetechnologyisnew,butbecauseinnovationoftenmeanslosingapieceoftheiridentityorlifestyle,andseparatingpeoplefromnatureortheirsenseofpurpose.Jumaidentifiedinhisresearchthreekeysourcesofoppositiontoinnovation:thosewithcommercialinterestsinexistingproducts,thosewhoidentifywithexistingproducts,andthosewhomightlosepowerasaresultofchange.Thefirstgroupisperhapsthemostobvious.Manyindustrieshavebeenaffectedbyinnovation.Justtakealookatthepointlesseffortsofmusicpublisherslostopthechangetodigitalmusic.Someconsumersmightopposeaninnovationbecausetheexistingproductisdeeplyrootedintheiridentity,cultureorcustoms.TheBritishpreferredteatimeathometosittinginacoffeeshop,fbrexample.Finally,theriseofnewtechnologiescanalsoresultinachangeredistributingwealthandinfluenceawayfromsomegroups,andtowardothers.Theexpansionofharvestersandothermechanicalequipmentreducedtheneedforfarmlabor,andthechangeinpopulationawayfromruralareashadsignificantpoliticalconsequence.Humansmakedecisionsaboutnewinnovationswiththeirinstinctratherthanevidence.Opponentsandenthusiastsofanewtechnologywilloftenmakeshockingclaimstosupporttheirarguments.Jumasaidbeneaththoseargumentswastypicallyobviousconcernofnewtechnologies,ratherthanareasonedresponse.Jumasaid,“Peopleseeanewproductandthereisanemotionalreaction(othaiproductbecauseitchallenges(heiroutlookontheworld.Thishasbeenthestorywithalmosteverynewproduct."Historically,technologistshavebeenmoreconcernedwiththefunctionalityoftheproductstheycreate,payinglessattentiontotheconsequenceitmayhaveonsocietyatlarge,Jumaclaims.Fortunately,thatmaybestartingtochange.AccordingtoPara.2and3,whatisthekeyreasonwhypeopleresistinnovation?AThereliabilityoftheexistingtechnologies.Thedifficultiesofmasteringnewtechnologies.Theconcernoverthedevelopmentoftechnologies.Thefearforthechangescausedbynewtechnologies.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetopeople'soppositiontoinnovation?A.Uncertain. B.Disapproving. C.Supportive. D.Neutral.Whatdoesthepassageimply?Technologies'effectonsocietyshouldbevalued.Theuseofnewproductsreducestheneedforlabor.Enthusiastsofthetechnologiesarcmorereasonable.Thefunctionalityofnewproductscausesmoreworries.【答案】32.D33.B34.A【解析】這是一篇說明文e人類總是習慣于抵制創(chuàng)新，哈佛大學(xué)教授CalestousJuma在他的新書《創(chuàng)新及其敵人：人們?yōu)槭裁吹种菩录夹g(shù)》中探討了這一現(xiàn)象，文章介紹了Juma在書中的一些關(guān)于人們抵制創(chuàng)新原因的分析，Juma表示，在這些爭論的背后，通常是對新技術(shù)的擔憂，而不是理性的回應(yīng)?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AmongJuma'sclaimsisthatpeopledonotfearinnovationsimplybecausethetechnologyisnew,butbecauseinnovationoftenmeanslosingapieceoftheiridentityorlifestyle,andseparatingpeoplefromnatureortheirsenseofpurposedJuma主張之一是，人們并不僅僅因為技術(shù)是新的而害怕創(chuàng)新，而是因為創(chuàng)新往往意味著失去他們的一部分身份或生活方式，使人與自然或目標感分離）”以及第三段中“Jumaidentifiedinhisresearchthreekeysourcesofoppositiontoinnovation:（hosewithcommercialinterestsinexistingproducts,thosewhoidentifywithexistingproducts,andthosewhomightlosepowerasaresultofchange.（Juma在他的研究中確定了反對創(chuàng)新的三個主要原因：那些在現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品中擁有商業(yè)利益的人，那些認同現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品的人，以及那些可能因變革而失去權(quán)力的人）”可知，人們抵制創(chuàng)新的關(guān)鍵原因是對新技術(shù)帶來的變化的擔憂。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第?段中wHumanshaveahabitofdelayingtheirownprogress.Fromcoffeetorefrigeratortogeneticallychangedfood,historyisfilledwithinnovationsthatcausedresistancebeforetheybecomenecessityineverydaylife.（人類有拖延自己進步的習慣。從咖啡到冰箱再到轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，歷史上充滿了創(chuàng)新，它們在成為日常生活的必需品之前引起了阻力）”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Humansmakedecisionsaboutnewinnovationswiththeirinstinctratherthanevidence4人類對新發(fā)明的決策是憑本能而不是憑證據(jù)）”可推知，作者對人們反對創(chuàng)新持不贊成態(tài)度。故選B。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中"Historically,technologistshavebeenmoreconcernedwiththefunctionalityoftheproductstheycreate,payinglessattentiontotheconsequenceitmayhaveonsocietyatlarge,Jumaclaims.（Juma聲稱，從歷史上看，技術(shù)人員更關(guān)注他們創(chuàng)造的產(chǎn)品的功能，而不太關(guān)注它可能對整個社會造成的后果）”可推知，這篇文章暗示了應(yīng)該重視技術(shù)對社會的影響。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whatisyourrecoveryrate?Howlongdoesittakeyoutorecoverfromactionsandbehaviorsthatupsetyou?Minutes?Hours?Days?Weeks?Briefly,thelongerittakesyoutorecover,themoreinfluencethatincidenthasonyouractions,andthelessableyouaretoperformtoyourpersonalbest.35Youarcwellawarechatyouneedtoexercisetokeepthebodyfitand,nodoubt,acceptthatareasonablemeasureofhealthisthespeedinwhichyourheartandrespiratorysystem（呼吸系統(tǒng)）recoversafterexercise.Likewisethefasteryouletgoofanissuethatupsetsyou,thefasteryoureturntocalm,thehealthieryouwillbe.36Theyknowthatthefastertheycanforgetanincidentormissedopportunityandgetonwiththegame,thebettertheirperformance.Similarly,imagineyourselftobeanactorinaplayonthestage.37Youhavebeengivenascriptandattheendofeachsentenceisafullstop.Eachtimeyougettotheendofthesentenceyoustartanewone.Althoughthenextsentenceisrelatedtothelastitisnotaffectedbyit.Yourjobistodelivereachsentencetothebestofyourability.So,itisunnecessarytoliveyourlifeinthepast.38Thoughtsofthepastshouldn'tbeallowedtoreduceyourpersonalbest.Beingpresentisagatewaytorecoverquickly.39Reflectonyourrecoveryrateeachday.Everydaybeforeyougotobed,lookatyourprogress.Whenyouarelyinginbed,youshouldn'tblameyourselffbrhavingdonethiswrongornothavingdonethatbetter,butlookatyourdayandnotewhenyoumadeanefforttoplaceafullstopafteranincident.Inthisway,youaretakingcontrolofyourlifeandachievetheaim:reducethetimespentinrecovery.You'reundertakingrealchangeshere.Remember:Romewasn'tbuiltinaday.Herearesomecaseswhereyoucanleamaboutit.I）.Youraimistoplayyourparttothebestofyourability.Insteadofthepast,itisthepresentthatyouhavetofocuson.Thebestexampleofthisbehaviorisfoundwithprofessionalsportspeople.It'ssaidthattheaveragetimefbrsportspeopletowinthegameis30minutes.【答案】35.C36.F37.D38.E39.B【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了什么是恢復(fù)速度、恢復(fù)速度快的好處是什么以及如何提高恢復(fù)速度?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文0Whatisyourrecoveryrate?Howlongdoesittakeyoutorecoverfromactionsandbehaviorsthatupsetyou?（你的恢復(fù)率是多少？你需要多長時間才能從令你不安的行為和表現(xiàn)中恢復(fù)過來？）”可知，本文討論的是你需要多長時間才能從令你不安的行為和表現(xiàn)中恢復(fù)過來的問題。根據(jù)下文"Likewisethefasteryouletgoofanissuethatupsetsyou.（hefasteryoureturntocalm,thehealthieryouwillbe.（同樣地,你越快放下讓你煩惱的事情，你就越快恢復(fù)平靜，你就會越健康。）”可知，下文是對什么是恢復(fù)速度的問題的具體解釋。C項意為“下面是一些你可以從中了解它的情況。”選項中的it代指上文提到的recoveryrate,且能夠引起下文對恢復(fù)速度問題的具體解釋。故選C?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Theyknowthatthefastertheycanforgetanincidentormissedopportunityandgetonwiththegame,thebeltertheirperformance.（他們知道，越快忘記一件事或?個錯過的機會，然后繼續(xù)比賽，他們的表現(xiàn)就越好。）”可知，本段是以運動員為例，解釋恢瑪速度的問題。F項意為“這種行為最好的例子可以在職業(yè)運動員身上體現(xiàn)?！边x項中的$[>01^0（4^和下文的8或011\5由m082111。相呼應(yīng)，能夠引起下文，說明了對于運動員來說，恢復(fù)速度越快，在賽場上的表現(xiàn)越好。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文uSimilarly,imagineyourselftobeanactorinaplayonthestage.（相似地,想象你自己是舞臺上表演戲劇的演員。）”可知，本段是以演員為例，解釋恢復(fù)速度的問題。D項意為“你的目標是盡你所能扮演好你的角色?！边x項中的playyourpart和上文的anactorinaplay相呼應(yīng),能夠承接上文，說明了對于演員來說，演好自己的角色和說好每一句臺詞是重要的，而不要一直糾結(jié)于自己之前表演的好壞。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文MSo,itisunnecessarytoliveyourlifeinthepast.（ffi,沒有必要活在過去。）”可知,本段講述的是我們不應(yīng)該活在過去。E項意為“你必須關(guān)注的是現(xiàn)在，而不是過去?！边x項中的ihepresent和上文的thepast形成對照關(guān)系，告訴我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注現(xiàn)在的生活，而不是一直糾結(jié)于過去的問題。故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Reflectonyourrecoveryrateeachday.Everydaybeforeyougotobed,lookatyourprogress.（每天反思你的恢復(fù)速度。每天睡覺前，看看自己的進步。）”可知，本段講述的是加快我們的恢復(fù)速度是需要每天努力的。B項意為“記?。毫_馬不是一天建成的?！边x項中的“羅馬不是一天建成的”和下文內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)，告訴我們恢復(fù)速度是需要一點點提高的。故選B。第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達（共4小題；第1、2題各2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分）。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。BalancingTreesandCO?Treeplantingusedtoberegardedasaneffectivemeansofreducingclimatechange.Perhapsit'stimefbrustorethinkthispractice.TreespullCO?fromtheair.ThiseffectivelyremovesCO2fromtheatmosphere.ButtreesonlyholdontoCO?aslongasthey'realive.Oncetheydie,treesdecay（腐爛）andreleasethatCO?backintotheatmosphere.Recentstudieshavefoundthattreesaroundtheworldaregrowingfasterthanever.TheriseofCO2,mainlyduetoburningfossilfuels,isprobablydrivingthatrapidgrowth,saidRoelBrienen,aforestecologistat（heUniversityofLeeds,UK.HighlevelsofCO?areincreasingtemperatures,whichinturnspeedstreegrowthinthoseareas,headded.Thefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystorecarbon.Itseemslikegoodnews.However,itisknownthatfast-growingtreespecies,ingeneral,liveshorterlivesthantheirslow-growingrelatives.Inordertoseewhetherthegrowth-lifespantradeoff（生長與壽命之間的權(quán)衡）isauniversalphenomenon,Brienenandhiscolleaguesanalyzedover210,000individualtreeringrecordsof110treespeciesfrommorethan79,000sitesworldwide.Theyfoundthat,inalmostallhabitatsandallsites,faster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies,andevenwithinaspecies,thetrade-offbetweengrowthandlifespanheldstrong.Theteamalsocreatedacomputerprogramthatmodeledaforestandtweaked（微最調(diào)整）thegrowthofthetreesinthismodel.Earlyon,itshowedthat“theforestcouldholdmorecarbonasthetreesgrewfaster^,Bricncnreported.Butafter20years,thesetreesstarteddyingandlosingthisextracarbonagain.4fcWemustunderstandthattheonlysolutiontobringingdownCO?levelsistostopemitting（排放）itintotheatmosphere,vsaidBrienen.Whatdocs“thispractice''inPara.1referto?Whyaretreesaroundtheworldgrowingfasterthanever?Readthefollowingstatement,underlinethefalsepartofitandexplainthereason.>Theteamhasfoundthatthefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystoreCO2,andthelongerlivestheylive.PleasebrieflypresentwhatyoucandoindailylifetoreducetheemissionofCO2.（about40words）【答案】40.Plantingtreestoreduceclimatechange./Treeplantingisusedtoreduceclimatechange./Usingtreeplanting（0reduceclimatechange.BecauseoftheriseofCO2fromburningfossilfuels./BecauseoftheriseofCO2./BecauseburningfossilfuelsleadstotheriseofCO2.Theteamhasfoundthat（hefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystoreCO2,andihelongerlivestheylive.BecauseBcriencnandhisteamfoundthatfaster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies./AccordingtoBcricncnandhisteam'sresearch,faster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies./Becausefast-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies.Firstly,I'lltakeareusableclothbagandsaynotoplasticbagswhileshopping,foritcansaveenergyandreducepollution.Secondly,whenIgosomewhere,THchoosepublictransportationinsteadofprivatecarstoreducetheemissionofCO2.【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文講述了針對全球氣候變暖，樹已經(jīng)不能作為可靠解決方法。目前最有效的方法是節(jié)能減排，降低二氧化碳的排放。[40題詳解】考查詞義猜測。由第一段中的"Treeplantingusedtoberegardedasaneffectivemeansofreducingclimatechange.Perhapsifstimefbrustorethinkthispractice.（植樹曾被認為是減少氣候變化的有效手段。也許是時候讓我們重新思考這種做法了。），可知以前可以通過植樹來減少氣候變化，thispractice在此處意為“植樹來減少氣候變化”。故答案為“Plantingtreestoreduceclimatechange./Treeplantingisusedtoreduceclimatechange./Usingtreeplantingtoreduceclimatechange.”。【41題詳解】考查細節(jié)理解。由第二段中的"TheriseofCO2,mainlyduetoburningfossilfuels,isprobablydrivingthatrapidgrowth,saidRoelBrienen,aforestecologistattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.HighlevelsofCO?areincreasingtemperatures,whichinturnspeedstreegrowthinthoseareas,headded."（英國利茲大學(xué)的森林生態(tài)學(xué)家RoelBrienen說，二氧化碳的增加，主要是由于化石燃料的燃燒，可能推動了這種快速增長。他補充說，高濃度的二氧化碳導(dǎo)致氣溫升高，進而加速了這些地區(qū)樹木的生長。），可知是因為燃燒化石燃料產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳的增加，才使出:界各地的樹木生長得比以往任何時候都快。故答案為“BecauseoftheriseofCOzfromburningfossilfuels./BecauseoftheriseofCO2./BecauseburningfossilfuelsleadstotheriseofCO2」?！?2題詳解】考查細節(jié)理解?！癟he（earnhasfoundthatthefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystoreCO2,andihelongerlivesiheyli些（研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，樹木生長越快，儲存二氧化碳的速度就越快，壽命也就越長就。由第四段中的“Theyfoundthat,inalmostallhabitatsandallsites,faster-growingtreespeciesdiedyounger（hanslow-growingspecies,andevenwithinaspecies,thetrade-offbetweengrowthandlifespanheldstrong.v（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在幾乎所有的棲息地和所有的地點，生長較快的樹種比生長較慢的樹種死得早，甚至在一個物種內(nèi)，生長和壽命之間的權(quán)衡也很重要。），可知Berienen和他的團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)生長較快的樹種比生長較慢的樹種死得早，說明生長較快的樹種壽命短，因此"ihelonger1"theylive”（壽命也就越長）錯了。故答案為“Theteamhasfoundthatthefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystoreCO2,and〔helongerlivesiheylive.BecauseBcricncnandhisteamfoundthatfaster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies./AccordingtoBerienenandhisteam'sresearch,faster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies./Becausefast-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies.”?！?3題詳解】考查開放答題?？忌筛鶕?jù)文章大意和自身經(jīng)歷，思考在日常生活中可以做些什么來減少二氧化碳的排放，例如用布袋購物或乘坐公共交通工具來節(jié)約能源，減少二氧化碳的排放，在規(guī)定字數(shù)內(nèi)言之有理即可。故答案為"Firstly,I'lltakeareusableclothbagandsaynotoplasticbagswhileshopping,foritcansaveenergyandreducepollution.Secondly,whenIgosomewhere,I'llchoosepublictransportationinsteadofprivatecarstoreducetheemissionofCO?.”。第二節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作（共20分）44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你們學(xué)校下個月將要舉辦“圖書漂流”（BookCrossing）活動一一將自己喜歡的圖書放在學(xué)校任意公共場所，感興趣的同學(xué)讀完后將書放回原處，讓其繼續(xù)漂流。請你給交換生Chris寫一封郵件，邀請他參加此次活動，內(nèi)容包括：.活動意義；.具體安排；.發(fā)出邀請。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；.適當增減細節(jié)，使文章連貫；.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearChris,Yours,LiHua【答案】DearChris,Ican'twaittoshareapieceofgoodnewswithyou.Sinceyou'reanenthusiastaboutreading,IbelieveyouwillbeofgreatinterestinthismeaningfulactivitynamedBookCrossing.BookCrossingisthepracticeofleavingabookinapublicplacetobepickedupandreadbyothers,whothendolikewise.Foronething,theBookCrossingcanmotivateustofurtherdevelopourreadinghabitsandhelptobroadenourhorizons.Foranother,itprovidesagoodchancetomakefriendswithlike-mindedpeople.OurBookCrossingstartsthisMondayandwilllastforaweek.Whenthetimecomes,you'llbesurprisedtofindterriHcbooksalanyplacesoncampus.Ofcourse,ifyouarein,youaresupposed(oshareseveralbooksthatarevaluableandbeneficial.Tohelpothersgetageneralknowledgeofyourbook,yourthoughtfulintroductionandhelpfulcommentsarewarmlywelcomed.Whatareyouwaitingfbr?I'mlookingfbrwardtoyourparticipationandyouareboundtoloveit.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生給交換生Chris寫一封郵件，邀請他參加你們學(xué)校下個月將要舉辦的“圖書漂流”(BookCrossing)活動?！驹斀狻康谝徊剑簩忣}體裁：應(yīng)用文astheguyinthewheelchair,Tinnowtheguywiththemonkey.^^這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，25歲雌性卷尾猴Minnie通過相關(guān)的訓(xùn)練成為了為殘疾人服務(wù)的好幫手，幫助CraigCook生活。1.A.accidentB.parkC.saleD.race2.A.upB.asC.forD.to3.A.whenB.whyC.whoD.what4.A.ideasB.skillsC.principlesD.rights5.A.returnedB.visitedC.supportedD.attended6.A.elderlyB.poorC.disabledD.lonely7.A.decision-making B.trainingC.planningD.risk-taking8.A.basedonB.turnedonC.fedonD.countedon9.A.evenB.onceC.justD.yet10.A.happilyB.energeticallyC.independentlyD.safely【答案】l.A【解析】2.B3.C4.B5.D6.C 7.B8.D9.A10.C【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析二句意：2012年，30歲的Craig遭遇車禍，導(dǎo)致四肢癱瘓，胳膊和腿都不能正常工作。A.accident事故;B.park公園;C.sale銷售：D.race賽跑。由本處的aCraigwasinacar1thatlefthimaquadriplegic,someonewhosearmsandlegsdon'tworkproperly"可知，Craig肯定是遭遇了車禍（caraccident）,才會四肢癱瘓、殘疾了。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年來，Craig需要別人的幫助來滿足諸如喝水之類的基本需求。A.up上面；B.as像 樣；C.for為了；D.to向、朝。由上文的“basicneeds”和下文的"gettingadrinkofwaler”可知，喝水是人類的一種基本需求，所以此處表舉例，such...as…（例如……）。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：作為“特別援助之手”計劃的一部分，當她還是個嬰兒時，她被送到了一個寄養(yǎng)家庭，他們照顧她，幫助她學(xué)會與人相處。此處是定語從句，先行詞是afoster（寄養(yǎng)）family,指人，在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞who。故選C項。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:她學(xué)會了關(guān)燈、隨叫隨到等基本技能。A.ideas想法；B.skills技巧;C.principles原則；D.rights權(quán)力。由上文語境和下文的“aimingofflightsandfetchingoncommand”可知,Minnie是一時態(tài)：根據(jù)提示，時態(tài)主要為一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時，少量現(xiàn)在進行時。結(jié)構(gòu)：總分法總分法指把主題句作為總說，把支持句作為分說，并以這種方式安排所寫內(nèi)容。要求：.介紹活動意義；.介紹具體安排；.發(fā)出活動邀請。第二步:列提綱（重點詞組）can'twaittodosth.;sharesth.withsb.;pickup;broadenone'shorizons;besurprisedtodosth.;besupposedtodosth.;lookforwardto;beboundtodosth.第三步：連詞成句Sinceyoifrcanenthusiastaboutreading,IbelieveyouwillbeofgreatinterestinthismeaningfulactivitynamedBookCrossing.BookCrossingisthepracticeofleavingabookinapublicplacetobepickedupandreadbyothers,whothendolikewise.OurBookCrossingstartsthisMondayandwilllastforaweek.Ofcourse,ifyouarein,youaresupposedtoshareseveralbooksthatarevaluableandbeneficial.I'mlookingforwardtoyourparticipationandyouarcboundtoloveit.根據(jù)提示及關(guān)鍵詞（組）進行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時態(tài)問題。第四步：連句成篇（銜接詞）.表并列補充關(guān)系：and.表因果關(guān)系：since連句成文，注意使用恰當?shù)倪B詞進行句子之間的銜接與過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰。［點睛］［高分句型I］.BookCrossingisthepracticeofleavingabookinapublicplace（obepickedupandreadbyothers,whothendolikewise.（由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）［高分句型2］.Whenthetimecomes,you'llbesurprisedtofindterrificbooksatanyplacesoncampus.（由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句）只25歲雌性卷尾猴，也是“特別援助之手”計劃的一部分，F(xiàn)I的是為了幫助人類，而關(guān)燈、隨叫隨到并不是Minnie本身就會的東西，是需要通過學(xué)習才能獲得的基本技能。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來，Minnie在“幫手猴子學(xué)院”上了兩年學(xué)。A.returned回去;B.visited拜訪；C.supported支持；D.attended參加、上學(xué)。由下文的MtheHelpingHandsMonkeyCollege*'和"Atthecollege"可知，Minnie去“幫手猴子學(xué)院”是上學(xué)的。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在大學(xué)里，她學(xué)會了幫助殘疾人的任務(wù)。A.elderly上了年紀的；B.poor貧窮的；C.disabled殘疾的;D.lonely孤獨的。由上文的MThenMinniecametoCraigthroughtheHelpingHandsOrganization."和下文語境可知，Minnie通過“援助之手組織”來找Craig幫助他生活，而Craig是一位殘疾人，說明Minnie在學(xué)校里學(xué)的是為了幫助殘疾人的任務(wù)。故選C項。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個漫長的訓(xùn)練過程，但卷尾猴可以活到45歲。A.decision-making決策;B.training訓(xùn)練;C.planning計劃制訂；D.risk-taking冒險。由上文的uMinnie5theHelpingHandsMonkeyCollegefortwoyears”和“Althecollege,shelearnedtasksthatwouldhelpa(n)6person.可知，Minnie花了兩年時間在學(xué)校里學(xué)幫助殘疾人的任務(wù)/技能，這是一種訓(xùn)練。故選B項。【8題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：因此，他們可以指望提供多年的服務(wù)。A.basedon基于；B.lurnedon打開；C.fedon以為食；D.countedon指望。由上文的“capuchinmonkeyscanlivetobeforty-fiveyearsold"可知，卷尾猴可以活到45歲，壽命很長，不會那么快死去，所以可以指望它們提供多年的服務(wù)。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：自從和我在一起以后，Minnie甚至學(xué)會「更有條理的事情，比如用微波爐做爆米花。A.even甚至；B.once曾經(jīng)C.just正好;D.yel還。由上文的“turningofflightsandfetchingoncommand”,“takingfoodoutofarefrigerator,turningpagesinabookoneatatime,andpickingupobjectsthathadbeendroppedv和下文的“makingpopcorninthemicrowave”可知,Minnie還未到Craig身邊前，只會關(guān)燈、隨叫隨到、從冰箱里拿出食物、翻書及撿起掉下來的東西等這些基本技能，而到Craig身邊后，Minnie學(xué)會了如用微波爐做爆米花此類更有條理的事情?，技能從以前的不會/少到會/多，這是一種遞進關(guān)系，強調(diào)Minnie的又一技能。故選A項。【10題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：多虧了Minnie,我可以獨立生活，護理人員每天只來很短時間。A.happily快樂地;B.energetically積極地;C.independently獨立地；D.safely安全地。由卜文的“withcaregiversonlycoininginforashorttimeeachdayn可知，護理人員每天只來很短時間，說明作者不需要護理人員的過多照顧，可以獨立生活了。故選C項。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheBritishmusthavereallyhighstandards.IwaspartofastudentexchangeprogrammebetweenauniversityinEnglandandmyuniversityinChina.Ihadspentdaysin11(prepare)formyfirstEnglishpaper.1knewIdidagoodjobandwaslookingforward12gettingapositivecomment.WhenIgotthepaperback,Ifoundthatmyteacher13(write)thecomment“Noibad^^^Notbad?Butthereweren'tany14(mistake)inmypaper.【答案】11.preparing12.to13.hadwritten14.mistakes【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章通過自己在英國一所大學(xué)的學(xué)習經(jīng)歷講述了英國人有很高的標準。【11題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：我花了幾天時間準備我的第一篇英語論文。固定搭配spend…(in)doingsth.(花……干某事)，用動名詞(doing)形式作賓語。故填preparing?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：我知道我做得很好，并期待著得到積極的評價。固定搭配lookforwardtodoingsth.(期待干某事)，用介詞t。。故填t。。【13題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：當我把試卷拿回來時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的老師寫了一句