中考英語(yǔ)主謂一致的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

主謂一致的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一、主謂一致三原則主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。.語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tomisagoodstudent. 湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。.意義一致：指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Myfamilyishavinglunchnow.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.這本書20美元太貴了。.就近一致：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。例如：Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。二、主謂一致?？碱}型.單數(shù)名詞（代詞），不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞（代詞）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThedeskisTom's. 這張桌子是湯姆的。Somewaterisinthebottle. 一些水在瓶子里。Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。.manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.許多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。.morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。.表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：Twomonthsisalongholiday. 兩個(gè)月是一一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英鎊并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。Fiveminusfourisone. 5減4等于1。.主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and（each/every）+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。.oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfhoursisenough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。.動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Toseeistobelieve眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。8.a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。8.Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam. 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+aswellas+名詞”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland. 邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。Thestudentsaswellastheteacherwerepresentatthemeeting..由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+anda/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming. 那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。（作家和教師指同一個(gè)人）Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。（作家和老師是兩個(gè)人）.people,police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Peoplehereareveryfriendly. 這兒的人很友好。Hisfamilyisn’tlarge. 他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。.不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，Iseveryoneheretoday. 今天大家到齊了嗎？Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有毛病。Nobodywasin. 沒(méi)有人在家。.each,either,neither,another,theother作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。Neitheransweriscorrect. 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。.以一s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news,math,physics等，Nonewsisgoodnews.沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。.由both…and…連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or,either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…，not…but…，連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。EithermywifeorIamgoing.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisreadytoleave.如果either,each,neither作主語(yǔ)，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。Eachofushashislikesanddislikes.Neitherofthebooksisveryinteresting..如果主語(yǔ)是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Aseriesofpre-recordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.但avarietyof,anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；.而thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Onexhibitionthereareagreatvarietyofconsumergoods.Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.以here,there開(kāi)關(guān)的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou..the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式.Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.Thebeautifullivesforever. 美是永存的。三.肯定與否定一致下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時(shí)須作相應(yīng)的變化。We,vehadsome(money).fWehaven,thadany(money).Iwastalkingtosomeone.fIwasn,ttalkingtoanyone.Theysometimesvisitus.fTheyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.Hehasarrivedalready.fHehasn,tarrivedyet.Liiscomingtoo.fLiisn,tcomingeither.Bothofusaregoing.fNeitherofusisgoing.Helikesbothofthem.fHedoesn,tlikeeitherofthem.注意：so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。MywifelikesclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.Shedoesn'tlikejazzandneitherdoI.主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題EitherJaneorStevenwatchingTVnow.A.wereB.isC.was D.areTwodaysenoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.is C.aren’t D.are—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveaday?—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthen45minutes.A.lastB.lasts C.haveD.areNeitherLiPingnorIabasketballplayer.A.am B.isC.be D.areTheremanynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.A.isB.aren'tC.isn'tD.areThenumberofthestudentsinourschool1200.A.is B.areC.has D.haveMathsmyfavoritesubject.A.beB.isC.am D.areTheboywiththetwodogswhentheearthquakerockedthecity.A.weresleeping B.issleepingC.wassleeping D.aresleepingEveryoneexceptTomandJohntherewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.is C.were D.wasThatplaceisnotinterestingatall,ofuswantstogothere.A.Neither B.BothC.AllD.SomeNobodybutJanethesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is—What’sontheplate?Someeggsandcakesonit?—Theresomeeggsandcakesonit.A.is B.are C. was D.wereThispairofglassesmine.A.are B.be C. is D.will beBothLilyandLucytothepartyyesterday.A.invited B.wasinvitedC.hadinvited D.wereinvited—Twomonthsquitealongtime.—Yes,I'mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereInthecitytheold.A.takegoodcareof B.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareof D.arebeentakengoodcareofHisfamilyallverykindandfriendly,Hisfamilyahappyone.A.are,isB.is,isC.are,are D.is,areThesingerandthedancercometoBeijing.A.has B.haveC.areD.isThechildreninthisclasseachnewschoolbag.A.haveB.hasC.hasgot D.arehavingAllbutoneherejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeen D.wereIfBob,swifewon,tagreetogoon