高級英語復(fù)習(xí)筆記

高級英語復(fù)習(xí)筆記Lessonone:RockSuperstars:WhatDoTheyTellUsaboutOurselvesandOurSociety1.RockSuperstars搖滾樂超級明星rock:rockmusic,rock'n'roll(or:rockandroll)搖滾樂早期的搖滾樂是源于美國的民歌(folk)爵士樂(jazz)勃魯斯歌曲(blues)等的一種音樂,其特征是具有劇烈的節(jié)奏(rhythm)單純的旋律(melody)一再重復(fù)的歌詞和音符的后拍音(afterbeat)2.Rockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.搖滾樂是青少年的反叛音樂a.teenageadj.pertainingtoateenager(13至19歲的)青少年的.其名詞形式為teenager:(13至19歲的青少年).b.rebellion:resistancetoordefianceofanyauthority造反,反派.如;arebellionagainstoldtraditions對舊傳統(tǒng)的反叛.3.Byaman’sheroesyeshallknowhim.你將從一個人崇拜的英雄得知其人.a.這句句子的句型與英語中常說的judgeamanbythecompanyhekeeps(以一個人所交的摯友斷定其為人)很相像.b.ye=you用于古英語或詩歌中,是其次人稱代詞thou的復(fù)數(shù).如:Yearethesaltoftheearth.你們是社會的中堅.(出自<<圣經(jīng)>>)4.''MidnightRamblerramble:walkforpleasure漫游,既可表動詞,也可作名詞.如;Theyrambledthroughthewoods.他們在林中閑逛.5....hesaid,''Grabsahalf-gallonjugofwaterandrunsalongthefrontplatform,sprinklingitscontentsoverthefirstrowsofswelteringlisteners...''a.grab:toseizesuddenly,eagerly,orroughly;snatch急抓,奪取.如:Hejumpedupfromthetable,grabbedhishatandranoutofthedoor.他從桌子旁跳了起來,抓起自己的帽子,奔出門去.另外,grab后面可以跟其他名詞或名詞短語.如:grabashower快速沖了澡,grabasandwich,胡亂吃了一個三明治,grabataxi趕搭出租車.有時,還可以作不與物動詞.如:Hegrabbedattheopportunityofgoingabroad.他設(shè)法抓住這次出國的機(jī)會b.sprinkle:toscatterdropsorparticlesofwater,powderorthelikeon灑液體,撒粉末等(于......上).如:Theysprinkledashesontheicysidewalk.他們在積水溜滑的人行道上撒了灰.Wesprinklethelawneveryday.我們每天給草坪灑水.以''sprinkling''引導(dǎo)的短語是動詞的''-ing''形式做伴隨狀語.再如:Theystoodthere,watchingthebasketball.他們站在那里,觀看籃球競賽.6.Theysurgetofollowhim,eagertobetouchedbyafewbaptismaldrops.a.surge:tomoveorswellforwardinorlikewaves如波濤洶涌而至.Acrowdsurgedoutofthetheater.觀眾從劇院里蜂擁而出.b.以形容詞''eager''引導(dǎo)的不定式詞組在語法功能上起著并列分句的作用.7.Some14,000screamingfanswerecrunchinguptothefrontofthestageatCapitalCenter...a.some:(beforeanumber)approximately,about(在數(shù)字前)大約.如:sometwentystudents大約20個學(xué)生.b.screamtomakealoud,sharpcry尖聲大叫.''screaming''是動詞scream的''-ing''形式作前置修飾語,''screamingfans''意為"尖聲大叫的歌迷"c.crunch:toproceedwithacrushingnoise嘎吱嘎吱地往前.如:Thechildrencrunchedthroughthesnow.孩子們嘎吱嘎吱地踩著雪走.8.Ioughttobecrawlingonmyknees.a.crawled:tomovewiththefacedownwardandtheboysclosetotheground爬行.如;Thebuscrawledalong.公共汽車緩慢地行進(jìn).留意:短語crawlintothefavorofone'ssuperiors表示"卑躬屈膝地討好上司".b.onone'sknees:雙膝跪地.9.Howdoyoufeelaboutallthisadulationandheroworshipa.feelabout:consider,thinkof覺得,感到.常常用于疑問句中,如:Howdoyoufeelaboutthesuggestion你認(rèn)為這個建議怎么樣b.adulation是adulate的名詞形式.adulate:flatteroradmireexcessively過分贊許,奉承,恭維.如:Onecanhardlyunderstandwhyyoungpeoplesoadulatefilmstars.年輕人為什么如此過分贊許影星,真讓人費解.10.Orareyoudrawnsomehowtothisstrangeclown,perhapsbecauseheactsoutyourwildestfantasiesa.draw:attracts吸引.如:Somemutualinterestsdrawustogether.一些共同的愛好把我們吸引到一塊了.b.somehow:insomewaynotspecifiedorknown不知什么原因.如:SomehowIdon'tlikethisnovelthoughitissopopular.這本小說雖然很流行,但不知什么緣由我卻不寵愛它.c.fantasy:imagination,esp.whenitisletfreeandnotheldback(自由奔放的)想象,幻想,狂想.wildestfantasies,最為高傲的奇想.11.Thesearen'tidlequestions.idle:ofnorealworthorpurpose無聊的.如:idlerumor無聊的謊言.12.Horwitzseestherockmusicarenaasasortofdebatingforum,aplacewhereideasclashandcrash.a.see...as...:consider...as...把......看作......b.forum:ameetingplaceofdiscussionofmattersofpublicinterest論壇.c.aplace是asortofdebatingforum的同位語,后面由where引導(dǎo)的句子是定語從句,修飾aplace.''ideasclashandcrash''意為"各種思想沖撞".13.''Theredefinition,''Horowitzsays''isataskuniquelyperformedbytheyoung...''''uniquelyperformedbytheyoung''是過去分詞短語,用于修飾前面的''atask''.14.Itistheyalonewhocombineinventionandexaggeration...a.itis..who(that)是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式.b.lone:(afteranounorpronoun)only(在名詞或代詞后面)僅,只.Hisnamealonewasenoughtodrawalargeaudience.僅僅他的名字就足以吸引一大批觀眾.15.''Rockmusic,''hesays''isreallyasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforce.''ratherthan:insteadof而不是(確定前者,否定后者.)比如:Heisapoetratherthananovelist.與其說他是小說家,不如說他是詩人.這里介紹另一個短語orrather,意為moreexactly更為準(zhǔn)確地說".如:latelastnight,orratherearlythismorning昨天深夜,更為準(zhǔn)確地說,是今日早晨.16.It'sjustthatElvismanagedtoembodythefrustratedteenagespiritofthe1950s.a.句中的it有thereason的意思,that=because.b.embody:giveadefiniteformto詳細(xì)體現(xiàn)如:Thestatueembodiesthesentimentofthesculptor.這尊塑像表現(xiàn)了雕像家的感情.Thelatestmodelofthelorryembodiesmanyimprovements.卡車的最新式樣體現(xiàn)了很多改進(jìn)的地方.17.TVwork:agroupofradioortelevisionstationslinkedbywireormicrowaves(廣播,電視)廣播網(wǎng)b.ban:prohibit,forbid禁止.如:Studentsarebannedfromreadingdirtybooks.禁止學(xué)生閱讀色情書刊.18.Mostoftheolderviewersfrowned,whilemostoftheyoungerviewersapplauded.a.frown:towrinkletheforehead,suchaswhenoneisdispleasedorindeepthought皺眉.如:聽到我說錯了答案,他便皺起了眉頭.短語frownon(upon)表示"不贊同".如:Hefrowneduponmyplan.他不贊同我的支配.b.applaud:toclapthehandstogetherinapprovalorappreciation鼓掌喝彩;贊揚.如:Theaudienceapplaudedwildly.觀眾熱情鼓掌.c.連接詞while在這里表示比照,再如:Ilikebookswhilemybrotherlovessports.我寵愛書,而我的兄弟則熱衷于體育.19.TheRollingStones,arrogantstreet-fightingmen,demandedrevolution.arrogant||'?r?g?nt]:actingasifoneweremoreimportantthanothers高傲的;夜郎自大的.如;Hewasjusttooarroganttohissubordinates.他對他的部下太高傲了.20.Feelings,alwaysapartofanymusicalstatement,wereamajorsubject.這里alwaysapartofanymusicalstatement是feelings的同位語.21.TheBeatlesshowedtherewerearangeofemotionsbetweenloveandhate.range:anumberofdifferentthingsofthesamegeneralsortortype(變動的,可供選擇的)范圍;幅度.如:arangeofcolorstochoosefrom可以選擇的一系列顏色;arangeofpricesfrom5Yuanto50Yuan從5元到50元不等的各種價格.22.Thiscountryelement,Horowitzfeels,helpeditsaudienceexpressanurgeto''getawayfromitall,‘‘...urge:aninstinctivedrive.沖動.如:IfeltanurgetofurthermystudiesinEurope.我有一種去歐洲深造的沖動.23....theserockmusiciansmirrorfeelings...mirror:reflect反映.如:Theelectionresultreflectstheiropinions.選舉結(jié)果反映了他們的觀點.24....whereit'sheadinghead(for):movetoward(朝某一方向)前進(jìn).如:Theywereheadingforthedeepjungleforhunting.他們?nèi)擦稚钐幋颢C.LessonTwoFourChoicesforYoungPeople1.JimBinns...wrotemeaboutsomeofhismisgivings.misgiving:worry,concern(常用復(fù)數(shù))(對將來之事)疑慮擔(dān)憂,懷疑.如:Ilikeyourschemeinprinciple;myonlymisgivingisthatitmayrequiretoolargeasumofmoney.我原則上寵愛你的支配,唯一擔(dān)憂的是花銷可能太大.2...ourgenerationviewstheadultworldwithgreatskepticism...skepticism:doubtsuspicion懷疑(看法);懷疑主義beskepticalabout:對......持懷疑太度;不信任.如:Heisskepticalabouteverything.他對一切事物都抱懷疑看法.withaskepticalexpression帶著懷疑的表情。3.Apparentlyhespeaksforalotofhiscontemporaries.contemporaryadj.同時代的，當(dāng)代；n.同時代的人。如：ourcontemporaries和我們同時代的人同義詞：peer同等的人，同輩。如：withoutapeer無匹敵的4.Thepeopleresponsibleare,presumably,theadultswho...a.responsible:1)(放在名詞后面)應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的.如:Iholdyouresponsibleforthesafetyofherfamily.我就把她家的平安交給你了。2）（放在名詞前面）（工作、地為等）責(zé)任重的，有責(zé)任的。如：aresponsibleposition要職。3)(人）牢靠的，可信任的，如：aresponsibleperson有責(zé)任心的人。b.presumably:perhaps或許，推想起來，可能。5.Theseconclusionsstrikemeasreasonable...strikesb.+adj.（orn.):使......感覺（是）。如：Atfirsttheideastruckmeasstupid.起初,這個辦法讓我覺得很愚蠢.Hestrikesmeasanhonestman.他讓我覺得是個誠懇的人.6.Therelevantquestionforthearrivinggenerationisnotwhetheroursocietyisimperfect(wecantakethatforgranted),but...a.relevant:有關(guān)的。如：relevantinformation有關(guān)信息.若作表語,后面通常跟由介詞to引導(dǎo)的短語.如;Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasnotrelevanttothecase.法官認(rèn)定證據(jù)與本案無關(guān)。b.imperfect:不完備，由perfect（完備）加否定前綴im-構(gòu)成。另如：Permissible-impermissible,possible-impossible,proper-improper,pureimpure,Mobile-immobile,mortal-immortals.c.takeforgranted:視......為當(dāng)然。如:Youshouldnottakehishelpforgranted.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)為他的幫忙是當(dāng)然的事。7.forallisharshnessandirrationality;itistheonlyworldwe'vegot.a.forall...盡管。如：Forallhislearning,heisnotwise.他盡管滿腹經(jīng)綸，處世并不聰慧。Forallhisefforts,hedidn'tsucceed.他還是個正派的人。b.harsh:殘酷的；無情的；苛刻的。如：Shewasveryharshwithherservant.她對用人特別苛刻。Wehavetofaceharshrealities.我們得面對殘酷的現(xiàn)實。c.rational:有理性的，通情達(dá)理的。如：Manisarationalthing.人是有理性的動物。Doyouconsideritarationalexplanation你覺得這種說明合理嗎？irrational:不理智，ir-為否定前綴。另如：Irreducible,irregular,irreparable,irreversible.8.Choosingastrategytocopewithit,then,is...a.strategy:戰(zhàn)略，與之相對的是tactics(戰(zhàn)術(shù))b.copewith:tostruggleorcontend,esp..withsomedegreeofsuccess應(yīng)付，處理。如：Theyproposedseveralpossibilitiesforcopingwiththecrisis.他們提出了應(yīng)付危機(jī)的幾種可能方案。Heisunabletocopewiththedutiesofhernewposition.他不能應(yīng)付新崗位的職責(zé)。9.SofarasIhavebeenabletodiscover,therearefourbasicalternatives.a.sofaras:=asfaras,totheextentthat就......而言，從......來看。如：Hisconduct,sofarasIcansee,isunjustifiable.就我看來，他憑一已之力將不行能完成這樣巨大的項目。b.alternative:oneofmorethantwopossibilities數(shù)種可能之一，可代替的。如：Thereisalternativeanswertothisquestion.這個問題有幾種可能的答案。Analternativeplanistoapplyforaloan.另一種可能的方案就是申請貸款。10.DropOutdropout:towithdrawfrom退出。如：Hehasdecidedtodropoutofpolitics.他已經(jīng)確定退出政壇。Sevenstudentsdroppedoutofuniversitylastyear.去年有七個學(xué)生被退了學(xué)。11.Thisisoneoftheoldestexpedient...=expedient:atemporarymeanstoanend權(quán)宜之計如：resorttoanexpedient實行權(quán)宜之計12.Inonewayoranother,itspractitionersbattenonthesocietywhich...a.(in)onewayoranother:以這樣或那樣的方式；在某方面。如：Theprojectmustbecompletedbytheendofthismonth(in)onewayoranother.不管用什么方式，這個項目必需在這個月底結(jié)束。b.battenon:thrive,orprosper,orliveinluxury(on)(esp.attheexpenseofothers)(靠他人犧牲而）興盛，過奢侈的生活，（損人）肥飽私囊13.someofusfindthisdistasteful-anundignifiedkindoflife.distasteful:disagreeable;unpleasant厭煩的，令人不開心的。如：Jazzisdistastefultome.我厭煩爵士樂。（爵士樂不合我的口味）14.Butforthepoorinspirit,withlowlevelsofbothenergyandpride,itmaybetheleastintolerablechoiceavailable.Availed:readyforuse;readilyobtainablea.（馬上）可利用的；可得到的。如：employallmeansavailable采納一切可能的方法。Thedressisavailableinallsizes.這種款式的服裝大小尺寸都有。b.（人）有空的。如：I'llbeavailabletomorrowmorning.我明天早上有空。15.Thisstrategyhasancientantecedents.Antecedent:precedingthingorcircumstance,esp.(pl.)pasthistoryofaperson前事，前情；（復(fù)數(shù)）身世，經(jīng)驗，人的過去歷史。如;awomanofshadyantecedent一個來歷可疑的女人16....thatis,thecity,withallitsuglinessandtension.tension:mentalstrain驚慌。如：underextremetension處于極度驚慌/（復(fù)數(shù)-s）驚慌（狀態(tài)）。如：thetensionbetweenlaborandmanagement勞資間關(guān)系的驚慌17.Thetroublewiththesolutionisthatitnolongerisonalargescale.onalargescale:大規(guī)模。另如：onatremendousscale極大的規(guī)模。Theprojectwasundertakenonagrandscale.這個項目規(guī)模很大。Thereformiscarriedoutonanenormousscale.改革的幅度極大。18.Outplanet,unfortunately,isrunningoutofnoblesavagesandunsulliedlandscapes.runoutof:becomeshortof,becomeexhausted用完。如;Weranoutofpetroltheotherday.那一天我們汽油用光了。Wearerunningoutoftime.我們已經(jīng)沒有時間了。19.PlotaRevolutionplot:plansecretly密謀。如：Theyplottedhowtokillhim.他們密謀如何殺死他。Thecriminalswereplottingtorobthebank.犯罪密謀搶銀行。20....thosewhohavenopatiencewiththetediousworkingsofthedemocraticprocessandwhobelievethattheinstitutioncanonlybechangedbyforce.a.tedious:longandtiresome冗長乏味的。如：atediouslecture冗長的演講；tediouswork乏味的工作b.working(s):action,operation工作，運作。如：theworkingsofthemind,theworkingsofthenature自然的運作21.Tothemitoffersaromanticappeal,usuallysymbolizedbysomedashingandcharismaticfigure.a.aromanticappeal:appealn.:thepowertoattractthemindoremotions吸引力。如：Suchlifehasnoappealforme.這種生活對我沒有吸引力。Thatsortofmusichaslostitsappealforme.這種音樂已經(jīng)失去了對我的吸引力。v.appealto:吸引。如：Doesthemenuappealtome菜單吸引我了嗎？Thenovelappealstowomen.這本小說吸引女性讀者。b.dashing:vigorouslylovely;brilliantorshowy精力足夠的；華麗的c.charismatic名詞形式為charisma（使大眾信服的）領(lǐng)袖魅力22.Letssmashitandbuildsomethingbetterontheruins.ontheruins:theremainsofdestroyedordecayingortown廢墟，遺跡，殘骸。如：theruinsofacastle一座城堡的廢墟23.Teoff:happen,occur發(fā)生。如：Theinvasioncameofflastweek.入侵是上星期發(fā)生的。Tobeeffectiveorsuccessful生效，勝利。如：Shedidn'tcomeoffwellintheinterview.她的面試不很勝利。24.Iamnot,ofcourse,suggestingthatrevolutionsaccomplishnothing.accomplish:bringtoasuccessfulconclusion;achievement完成。如：accomplishsomething/agreatdeal/miracles實現(xiàn)某種目標(biāo)/取得很大成就/實現(xiàn)奇跡accomplish:skilled,expert嫻熟的，內(nèi)行的。如：anaccomplishgolfplayer技術(shù)精湛的高爾夫運動員accomplishment(s)修養(yǎng)，才藝。如：awomanofmanyaccomplishment多才多藝的女人25.Foratbesttheirvictoryneverdawnsontheshiningnewworldtheyhaddreamedof,cleansedofallhumanmeanness.cleanse:makeclean清洗。如：Shecleansedthewoundwithalcohol.她用酒精清洗傷口。cleansesinfromthesoul=cleansethesoulofsin清洗靈魂的罪惡26.Atfirstglance,thiscourseisfarfrominviting.inviting:temptinglyattractive迷人的。如：aninvitingsmile迷人的微笑/aninvitingdish迷人的菜肴27.Itdependsontheexasperatinganduncertaininstrumentsofpersuasion...exasperate:annoyextremely令人怒不行遏如：Constantinterruptionsexasperateme.不斷的中斷讓我怒火中燒。28.Itdemandspatience,alwaysinshortsupply.(be)inshortsupply:供應(yīng)不足，短缺。如：Foodisinshortsupply.食物供應(yīng)不足。Honestyisinshortsupply.缺乏誠懇（的人）。29....assoonasyoucaptureonemountainrange,anotheroneloomsjustahead.loom:comeintoviewinindistinctandenlargedform忽隱忽現(xiàn)。如：Theicebergloomedoutofthemist.冰山在迷霧中忽隱忽現(xiàn)。Dangersareloomingahead.危急陰森森地靠近。30....ofcopingwithwarinunfamiliarguises.guise:afalseorassumedappearanceordisguise外貌，偽裝。如：anoldideainanewguise老觀念新面貌（新瓶裝舊酒）intheguiseof裝扮成......的樣子。如：thekingintheguiseofabeggar裝扮成乞丐的國王undertheguiseof以......為借口。如：undertheguiseoffriendship以友情為幌子31.Itdawnedonusrathersuddenlythat...dawnon:begintobeknown,orrealized常用先行詞it,表示"明白過來"。如：Ithasslowlydawneduponmethathewillnotlendahelpinghandtouswhenweareintrouble.我漸漸明白，當(dāng)我們遇到麻煩的時候，他是不會伸出援手的。-LessonThree:theuseofforce1.startle:todisturbsuddenlyassurprise驚嚇.如:starlingnews/sstartlingdiscovery(disturbing,frightening)令人震驚的新聞/發(fā)覺Hestartleduswhenheslammedthedoorsoloudly.他砰的一聲把門關(guān)上,讓我們大吃一驚.Thenoisestartledmeoutofmysleep.喧嘩之聲把我從夢中驚醒.2.a.motion:tomakeamotionorgesture,aswiththehand(用手等)作示意.如:Hemotionedmetositdown.他向我作了個手勢,讓我坐下.b.lookover:examine,esp.briefly檢查.如:Iwilllookoveryourpapersoon.我很快會看一下你的論文.Welookedoverseveralnewmodelsbeforedeciding.我們看過了幾種新的模型之后才做了確定.Heaskedmyage,height,weightandmarriagestatus,andthenlookedmeover.他詢問了我的年齡，身高，體重和婚姻狀況，然后端詳了一番。3.Eyesb.upanddown上下細(xì)致端詳。如Theyeyedthestrangerupanddown.他們對那生疏人細(xì)致上下端詳了一番。4.Beuptosb.todosth.:beone'sresponsibilitytodosth.由......負(fù)責(zé)做......。如:It'suptoyoutobreakthenewstohim.應(yīng)當(dāng)由你向他透露這條消息。It'suptothemtomakethechange.應(yīng)當(dāng)由他們作這個改變。5.inprofusion:agreatamountquantity(ofsomething)足夠。如;agreatprofusionofcolors=colorsinrichprofusion五彩繽紛Profuse:adj.generous,lavish豐富。如:Thecriticswereprofuseintheirpraiseofthenewnovel.指責(zé)家慷慨地贊揚了那部小說。Hewasprofuseinhisthanksforthehelp.他盛情感謝他的幫助。Beprofusewithone'smoney花錢大手大腳。6.asorethroat:喉嚨痛，sore;Physicallypainfulorsensitive,suchasawoundordiseasedpart難受如I'msorealloverfromtheheavyworkIdidyesterday.昨天干了一天重活，全身上下都痛了。7.inmybestprofessionalmanner:以我最好的職業(yè)方式;manner:awayofdoingthings做事情的方式。manner:courtesy禮貌。如goodmanner有禮貌。It'sbadmannertospeakwithyourmouthfull.嘴巴里滿滿的對人說話是不禮貌的。8.coax:attempttoinfluencebygentlepersuasion哄騙。如Hetriedtocoaxthesecretfromme.他試圖哄騙我說出秘方。9.onthechance:countingontheslightpossibility懷著希望，或許可能。ontheoffchance:抱著微弱的希望.如;Sheappliedontheoffchance.她抱著微弱的希望作了申請.Heofferedtheinformationonthechancethatitmightproveuseful.他供應(yīng)了信息,希望能有所幫助.10.admonish:towarnorcautiongently,toreportmildly訓(xùn)誡.如;Admonishsb.againststh.勸誡......提防......:Theteacheradmonishedusagainstbeinglate.(=usnottobelate.)老師訓(xùn)教我們不要遲到.Headmonishedhimoftheneedforsincerity.他警告我為人必需真誠.11.a.savage:mercilesslycruel,uncivilized,wild野蠻的.如:asavageattackon野蠻攻擊;asavagelion野蠻的獅子:savagemanners野蠻的看法savagescenery殘酷的場面.12.a.ensues:followasaconsequence跟隨,緊跟.如:Aftertheheavyrains,floodsensued.大雨之后緊跟著發(fā)了洪水.duringtheensuingmonths/intheensuingyear隨后的幾個月/年;thewarandtheensuingdisorder斗爭以與隨后緊跟著的混亂.b.abject:humiliatingandwretched;contemptibleanddespicable可憐,可鄙的.如:anabjectapology低聲下氣的致歉.a.crushed:subdued壓服.13.a.agony:extremeandprolongedsuffering極大的苦痛.如:inagony處于苦痛之中;pileuptheagony苦上加苦;inanagonyofjoy悲喜交加.b.apprehension;uneasinessandfear恐驚,擔(dān)憂.如:feel(show)apprehensionsforthesafety(failure)對平安(失敗)感到(顯得)很擔(dān)憂.14.letgoof松開,放開.如:Heletgooftherope.他放開了繩子.15.clench:closetightly緊緊抓住.如:Heclenchedthecigarinhisteeth.他用牙齒緊緊夾住香煙.Heclenchedhisfistsinfrustrations.他懊喪地緊握拳頭.withclenchedteeth咬緊牙關(guān).16.a.desists:tocease,suchasfromsomeaction停止.如;Thecompanywasforcedtodesistfromfalseadvertising.公司被迫停止虛假廣告.Theydesistedfromevilways.他們停止為非作歹.b."should+不定式完成體"在這里所表示的是一種非真實狀況,表達(dá)了作者一種缺憾的感情色調(diào).如:Ishouldhavecomeearlier.我本該早點來.Heshouldhavetakenmyadvice.他本應(yīng)接受我的建議.17.a.neglect=negligence疏忽neglect:paynoattentionortoolittleattentionto不(夠)重視,留意.如;Youshouldn'tneglectyourhealth.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)忽視自己的健康.Benignneglect善意的疏忽;totalneglect完全疏忽;parentalneglect養(yǎng)子不教.b.case:theactualstateofthings狀況.如;Ifthat'sthecase,you'dbettergiveitup.假如狀況的確如此,你最好放棄.18.goatassault;beginorproceedvigorously攻擊,起先,進(jìn)發(fā).如;Thetowcocksaregoingateachother.兩個公雞相互爭斗.Thestudentstendtogoattheirstudiesbeforetheexamination.學(xué)生一般會在考試前才起先學(xué)習(xí).19.beyondreason沒有理由.beyond:outsidethelimitsof...超出......范圍.如:beyondhumanpower超出人力所能為;beyondhumanendurance讓人無法忍受;beyonddescription難以形容.20.overpower:1)overcome(someoneorsomething)bysuperiorforce壓倒,制服2)affectorimpressdeeplyorpowerfully使......無法忍受.beoverpoweredbyheat(grief)燥熱(哀思)難忍.LessonFour:Dieasuchoose1.dodge:avoid,evadeorelude躲避.如;Hewasaccusedofdodginghistaxes.他被指控逃稅.Youshouldn'tdodgeyourresponsibilities.你不能回避責(zé)任moveasidesuddenly突然閃開.如:Idodgedoutofthewaywhenhethrewachairatme.他將椅子向我扔來的時候,我連忙閃開.2.condemn:expressanunfavorablejudgmentoropinionof指責(zé).如:Wecondemnedemptytalkinsteadofhardwork.我們指責(zé)只說空話不務(wù)實的行為.3.tocometolight:tobediscoveredorrevealed暴露.如;Oninvestigationsomenewfactscametolight.一經(jīng)調(diào)查,一些新的事實就被暴露了.Ithasnowcometolightthathewasfinanciallybackedbysomeinterestgroup.人們剛剛得知,他受到了某個利益集團(tuán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持.4.languish:1)becomefeeble;droop;loselivelinessorthewilltodothings凋萎,有氣無力.如;languishfromtheheat/inprison/inhisdulljob由于天氣燥熱/坐牢/工作乏味而萎靡不振.2)sufferfromafeelingoflonging苦思.如;languishforsomekindwords/herlove苦苦期盼一些勸慰的話語/她的愛.5.Moral:themoralteachingorpracticallessoncontinuedinafable,tale,experience,etc.寓意.如;Thereisamoraltothestory.這個故事有個寓意.6.bizarre:unusualinappearance,style,orcharacters外貌,風(fēng)格或性格怪異.如;abizarrecoincidence一次驚奇的巧合;hisbizarrebehavior他怪異的行為.7.atherownrequest依據(jù)她本人的要求.另如:Hewrotethisbookattherequestofhis...他依據(jù)......的要求寫了那本書.8.voteon:就......進(jìn)行表決.如:Let'svoteonthisissue,sincewecan'tagree.既然我們不能達(dá)成一樣看法,就來投票表決吧.9.inprivate:notpublicly,secretly私下.如:Suchathingisbestdiscussedinprivate.這種事情最好私下探討.Hecanbeveryrubeinprivate,thoughheisusuallypoliteinpublic.他私下可能很粗魯,但在大眾面前通常落落大方.10.Tabooadj.忌諱的,禁止的.如:Thistopicistabooonthecampus.校內(nèi)里忌諱探討這個話題.11.A.prolong:causesth.tocontinuelonger延長.如:Ihavetoprolongmystayhereforanotherthreedays.我必需在這里接著呆三天Youshouldnothaveprolongedtheceremony.你本不該延長儀式的時間.B.throes:agony苦痛.如;indeaththroes處于臨終苦痛.12.holdout:continuetolast堅持,挺住.如:Canyouholdoutmuchlonger你能再堅持一段時間嗎13.administertoappleasaremedy施用.如:administerlaws執(zhí)行法律.Thedoctoradministeredsomememedicinetothegirl.醫(yī)生給女孩施用了一些藥.14.complywith:actinaccordancewithwishes,requirementsorconditions遵守(意愿,要求或條件等).如;Yououghttocomplywiththerules/thedemands/thelaw/therequests.你應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守規(guī)章/吩咐/法律/要求.15.posedanger造成危急.Pose:causesth.toexist導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生.另如:poseproblems引起問題.16.bycontrast相比之下.Bycontrast,hisbrotherisquiteeasygoing.相比之下,他的兄弟比較好相處.17.usherin:herald預(yù)報,宣告.如;usherinanewageofprosperity宣告新的旺盛時期的到來.Therisingsunusheredinanewday.太陽的升起宣告新的一天起先了.Thecuckoousheredinspring.布谷鳥宣布春天到來.LessonFive:I’dratherbeblackthanfemale1.I'drather...than:prefer...to....如:I'dratherdealwithasimplemanthanasophisticatedman.我寧愿與純樸的人打交道,不愿與世故的人交往.Ihadratherneverhavebeenbornthanseethisdayofhumiliation.我寧愿自己未曾誕生,也不愿遭遇今日的恥辱.Iwould(had)rather...但愿(+that從句中用過去式).如:Iwouldratherhedidn'ttellheraboutit.我真希望他不告知她這件事.Ihadratheryoudiditalone.但愿你一人做.2.Handicap:1)anydisadvantagethatmakessuccessmoredifficult.不利的因素.如:Badhealthisahandicap.身體不好是不利因素.HislackofEnglishisagreathandicaptohim.他不懂英語對他是一大缺陷.2)aphysicalormentaldisability殘疾.如:Blindnessisagreathandicap.眼瞎是一大殘疾.3.atonceatthesametime;simultaneously同時.如:It'shardforonetodotwothingsatonce.人很難同時做兩件事.4.eliminate:getridof;remove消退.如:toeliminatepoverty根除貧困;eliminatetheprejudice消退偏見.5.brainwash洗腦.如:Don'tlettelevisioncommercialsbrainwashyouintobuyinganythingyouactuallydon'tneed.別讓電視廣告引誘你購買自己實際不須要的東西.6.invariably:always常常,總是.如:It'sinvariablywetwhentheytaketheirholidays.他們度假時總是下雨.Hisintuitionisinvariablycorrect.他的直覺總是對的.7.Campaign:aconnectsetofactionstoobtainaparticularresultinpoliticsorbusiness(社會,政治,選舉)運動;游說,宣揚活動.如:anelectioncampaign選舉活動;anadvertisingcampaign廣告宣揚;acampaigntocombatcrime防止犯罪運動.8.stereotype:aconventional,oversimplifiedconception陳腔濫調(diào);陳規(guī),老套,固定的現(xiàn)象.如:Hefitsthestereotypeofa‘scholar’.他是典型的''學(xué)者''.Theideaisanold-fashionedstereotype.這觀點是老一套了.9.Predominate:besuperiorinnumbers,etc.占多數(shù)的.如:Greenspredominatedinthepicture.綠色植物是畫中最醒目的.predominateover賽過.10.mold:workintoarequiredshapeorfrom塑造.如:Statuesaremoldedoutofbronze.雕像是用青銅鑄成的.Hemoldedhisstyleonthebestwriters.他以第一流作者為榜樣塑造了自己的文體.LessonSix:agoodchance1.keepintouchwith:contact保持聯(lián)系.如;Let'skeepintouch.讓我們保持聯(lián)系吧.Keepinclosetouchwithme.與我保持親密聯(lián)系.2.(be)infor:certaintoundergo不能避開.如:Thenaughtyboyisinforabeating.調(diào)皮的男孩免不了要挨打.Weareinforarainyseason.我們不行避開要遭遇雨季.Itlooksasifwe'reinforstormyweather.看那樣子,好像我們確定會遇到暴風(fēng)雨.3.reference:amention,allusion提與.如:Thecourtmadenumerousreferencestohimasawitness.法院常常傳他去做證人.4.ingoodspirits:心情很好.spirits:[plural]moodwithregardtogreathappinessorgreatsadness心情.如:Ihopeyouwillbeinbetterspiritswhenwemeetagain.我希望我們下次見面時你心情會好些.HeissodepressedthatIwonderwhocouldlifthisspirits.他特別懊喪,我不知他能否振作起來.5.embitter:makebitterandangry使......怨恨.如;Beingscoldedwithoutgoodreasonsembitteredhim.讓人無端指責(zé),他感到一腔怨氣.en-,em(在b,p前)加在名詞或形容詞上轉(zhuǎn)成動詞.另如:enable(使能夠);enamor引起......的愛;encase將......裝入箱中;enchant施以魔法,使著迷.embody詳細(xì)體現(xiàn);empower授權(quán);emotionally使成紫色.6.agitate:todisturborexciteemotionally使擔(dān)憂,使興奮.如:Hisfieryspeechagitatedthecrowd.他的激情演講讓聽眾大為興奮.Hewasexplainingthesituationinanagitatedmanner.他興奮地說明著當(dāng)時的情形.Agitateoneselfover...為......獨自焦慮.如:Don'tagitateyourselfoversuchathing.不要為這種事焦慮.7.knowofhiswhereabouts知道他的下落.a)knowof:haveheardabout聽說過,知道(有......).如:Doyouknowofanycinemainthisneighborhood你知道這小區(qū)里有電影院嗎Iknowofashopwhereyoucangetthingslikethis.我知道有一家商店,你可以買到這樣的東西.Idon'tknowhim,butIknowofhim.我不相識他,但知道有這個人.b)whereabouts:theplacewhereapersonorthingis下落,去向.如:I'mstillinthedarkabouthiswhereabouts.我仍舊不知道他的下落.8.inch:movebysmalldegrees緩慢行進(jìn).如:Thechildreninchedthroughthetraffic.孩子們在擁擠的交通中緩慢前進(jìn).Iinchedmywaythroughthenarrowspacebeenthetrucks.9.tentative:a)ofthenatureofanexperiment試驗性的;b)unsure,notdefinite,hesitant遲疑.atentativearrangement臨時支配/atentativeoffer試驗性建議10.scoffat:mockat;jeerat:訕笑,嘲弄.如:Youshouldnotscoffatothers'belief.你不能訕笑別人的信仰.11.endup:reachafinalstateorcondition最終(有了某種結(jié)局),最終.如:Ifyoudrivesorashly,youwillendupinhospital.假如你這么魯莽開車,最終會住進(jìn)醫(yī)院的.Heendeduptiredandbroke.他最終累垮了,破產(chǎn)了.12.associatewith:keepcompanywith與......陪伴.如:Hedidn'tallowhisdaughtertoassociatewithanyonewhosmokedordrank.他不讓他女兒與任何抽煙或喝酒的人為伍.Whitmanalwaysassociatedwiththeworkingmasses.惠特曼總是和工人階級在一起.LessonEight:LessoninLiving1.inedible:notfittobeeaten不行食的，不宜食用的2.swirl:(causeto)moveorflowatvaryingspeeds,withtwiceandturns渦旋而動，使打旋。如：Agustofwindswirleddustaboutthestreets.陣風(fēng)吹起灰塵充滿大街。Thesnowwasswirlingintheair.雪花在空中回旋。3....thatwouldhavepeeledlikeaplumifsnagged.peel:cameoffinstripsorflakes剝落，脫皮。如：Thewall-paperseemstobepeelingoff.墻紙看來要剝落了。4.letalone:withoutreferenceto,orconsidering更不必說。如;Hedoesn'thavemoneyforfood,letaloneamusements.他連吃飯的錢都沒有，更甭說消遣了。5.incessant:continual,oftenrepeated:不斷的，不停的。如：incessantchatter喋喋不休；incessantrain連綿起伏的雨。6.Itwouldbesafetosaythat...可以這么說......。如;Itwouldbesafetosaythatyouwouldgetnowhereifyouaresolazy.可以這么說，假如你這樣懶散，你將一事無成。7.pickherway:慎行。另如：pickone'swords精選詞語；pickflaws找碴；pickandsteal小偷小摸；pickandchoose挑三揀四。8.bearinmind:remember記住。如：Pleasebearinmindthatwearefriends.請記住，我們是摯友。9.Infusethemwithinfuse:fill灌輸。如：Thecoachinfusedtheteamwithenthusiasm.教練給隊員注入了熱忱。Theytriedtoinfusethemwithnewideas.他試圖給他們灌輸新思路。10.MyimaginationboggledatthepunishmentIwoulddeserve...a.boggle:too