2022年寧夏回族自治區(qū)吳忠市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)

2022年寧夏回族自治區(qū)吳忠市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Besidestheproblemsofthesmallsizeandshortdurationofthestudy,Gersten'sresearchalsolacks______.

2.ABriefHistoryofClock

Clocks

Atbest,historiansknowthat5,000-6,000yearsago,greatcivilizationsintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricastartedtoexamineformsofclock-makinginsteadofworkingwithonlythemonthlyandannualcalendar.Littleisknownonexactlyhowtheseformsworkedorindeedtheactualdeconstructionofthetime,butithasbeensuggestedthattheintentionwastomaximizetimeavailabletoachievemoreasthesizeofthepopulationgrew.Perhapssuchfutureperiodsoftimewereintendedtobenefitthecommunitybyallottingspecificlengthsoftimetotasks.Wasthisthebeginningoftheworkingweek?

SunClocks

Withthedisappearanceofanyancientcivilization,suchastheSumerianculture,knowledgeisalsolost.Whilstwecanonlyhypothesizeonthereasonsofwhytheequivalenttothemodernwristwatchwasnevercompleted,weknowthattheancientEgyptianswerenexttolayoutasystemofdividingthedayintoparts,similartohours.

"Obelisks"(tallfour-sidedtaperedmonuments)werecarefullyconstructedandevenpurposefullygeographicallylocatedaround3500BC.AshadowwaseastastheSunmovedacrosstheskybytheobelisk,whichitappearswasthenmarkedoutinsections,allowingpeopletoclearlyseethetwohalvesoftheday.Someofthesectionshavealsobeenfoundtoindicatethe"year"slongestandshortestdays,whichitisthoughtweredevelopmentsaddedlatertoallowidentificationofotherimportanttimesubdivisions.

AnotherancientEgyptian"shadowclock"or"sundial"hasbeendiscoveredtohavebeeninusearound1500BC,whichallowedthemeasuringofthepassageof"hours".Thesectionsweredividedintotenparts,Withtwo"twilighthours"indicated,occurringinthemorningandtheevening.Forittoworksuccessfullythenatmiddayornoon,thedevicehadtobeturned180degreestomeasuretheafternoonhours.

WaterClocks

"Waterclocks"wereamongtheearliesttimekeepingdevicesthatdidn'tusetheobservationofthecelestialbodiestocalculatethepassageoftime.TheancientGreeks,itisbelieved,beganusingwaterclocksaround325BC.Mostoftheseclockswereusedtodeterminethehoursofthenight,butmayhavealsobeenusedduringdaylight.Aninherentproblemwiththewaterclockwasthattheywerenottotallyaccurate,asthesystemofmeasurementwasbasedontheflowofwatereitherinto,oroutof,acontainerwhichhadmarkersaroundthesides.Anotherverysimilarform.wasthatofabowlthatsankduringaperiodasitwasfilledofwaterfromaregulatedflow.ItisknownthatwaterclockswerecommonacrosstheMiddleEast,andthatthesewerestillbeingusedinNorthAfricaduringtheearlypartofthetwentieth-century.

MechanicalClocks

In1656,"ChristianHuygens'(Dutchscientist),madethefirst"Pendulum(鐘擺)clock",withamechanismusinga"natural"periodofoscillation(振幅)."GalileoGalilei"iscredited,inmosthistoricalbooks,forinventingthependulumasearlyas1582,buthisdesignwasnotbuiltbeforehisdeath.Huygens'clock,whenbuilt,hadanerrorof"lessthanonlyoneminuteaday".Thiswasamassiveleapinthedevelopmentofmaintainingaccuracy,asthishadpreviouslyneverbeenachieved.Laterrefinementstothependulumclockreducedthismarginoferrorto"lessthan10secondsaday".

Themechanicalclockcontinuedtodevelopuntiltheyachievedanaccuracyof"ahundredth-of-a-secondaday",whenthependulumclockbecametheacceptedstandardinmostastronomicalobservatories.

QuartzClocks

Therunningofa"Quartzclock"isbasedonthepiezoelectricpropertyofthequartzcrystal.Whenanelectricfieldisappliedtoaquartzcrystal,itactuallychangestheshapeofthecrystalitself,Ifyouthensqueezeitorbendit,anelectricfieldisgenerated.Whenpla

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3.

AccordingtoDr.Sarno,almostallkindsofbackpaincouldbeattributedto______.

4.

Theauthorthinksuchtaglineas"Steaksauceonlyacowcouldhate"conveysanegativefeelinghardy______.

5.

Asickinfantmaystareandhave____________orcoldlimbs.

6.

Fuller'sfamilydwellingwasnotfullyproducedmainlybecausetherewere______.

7.

YouaresuggestednottobethefirsttoshowupinanAmericanparty,otherwiseotherswillthinkyouhavenolifeofyourown.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Subvoealizationisthemostdifficultofalltypesofvocalization.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Sincerainforestbacteriaandtreesdependoneachotherforlife,therelationshiptheyfromistermed______.

10.

Thedisadvantageofthehybridcornisthatitwas______andpoorinflavor.

11.

AccordingtoJoelAchenbach,whiledreaming,ourbrainsexperience______.

12.

Increatingpsychologicalprofile,investigatorssupplyinformationaboutasuspectbasedontheexistingphysicalevidenceorrelevantinformation.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

SomeoftheSun'sradiationthatisabsorbedbytheEarth'ssurfacebecomesheatenergyintheform.of______.

14.The"News"inEducation

Educationchangeswithtime.Becauseofthesechanges,thefaceofeducationandaccesstoeducationaredifferenttoday.Themostobviouschangeisthattherearedifferentthingstoteach.16fact,thereismuchmoretoteach.Learningandresearchhaveincreasedgreatlyinthepastcentury,greatadvancesinsciencemeanthatthereismuchmore,informationtoteach.Someoftheideasofthepastwerewrong,sothecontentofbooksisdifferent.Forexample,inabeginningbiologyclasstoday,morethan70%oftheinformationthatstudentslearntodaywasnotknowntwentyyearsago.That'sanimportantreasonforchange!Asscientistslearnmore,therewillbemoreforstudentstolearn.

Anotherreasonforchangesineducationisthattherearenewteachingtools.Forcenturies,schoolshadnobooks.Theteachersgavebylessonsexplainingideastostudents.Todayteachersandstudentsusebooks,includinge-books.Theyalsousetechnology.Forexample,manyofthemusecomputers,video,andon-linecommunication.Thereareevenelectronicclassrooms.Throughinteractiveinstructionaltelevisionnetworks(IITV),ateachercanteachstudentsindifferentplaces.TheirIITVclassroomsuseradiosignalsorsatellitecommunicationtocarrythecommunicationfromtowertotower.

TherearedifferencesbetweenthetraditionalclassroomandtheIITVclassroom,ofcourse.However,mostofthesedifferencesareeasytoovercome.Perhapsonestudentwantstohaveaprivateconversationwiththeteacher.IfteacherandstudenttalkontheIITVnetwork,thereisnoprivacy.Everyoneelseintheclasscanhearwhattheysay.Therefore,theirconversation,musthappenovertelephonelinesorthroughelectronicmail(e-mail).

Noonereallyknowshowthischangeinstudents'abilitytotalkprivatelywithateacherchangestheeducationalexperience.Somestudentsdecidenottotalktotheteacherbecauseitcannothappennaturallyafterclass.Shecouldsendane-mailmessageordecidenottobothertheteacher.Thislackofpersonalcontactwiththeteacherisjustonepotentialproblem.Anotheristhatthestudentsindifferentclassroomplacescannotspeakwithoneanotheraseasily.Onesolutiontothisdrawbackistheclasschatroom.Tofacilitatestudents'conversationaboutatopic,theteachercansetupanInternetchatroomorabulletinboard.Anumberofgeneraltopicsareposted,andthestudentscanwriteintheirthoughtsonthetopic.Somestudentsareshyofusingthesekindsofcommunicationtools.Perhapstheydon'thaveaccesstotheequipment,ormaybetheydon'tknowhowtogettoachatroomontheInternet.Communicationamongstudentsispossible,butittakesplacethroughamediumthatisdifferentfromvoicesinaclassroom.

Ontheotherhand,therearegreatadvantagestoteachingthroughIITV.Greatnumbersofstudentscan"attend"theclass.Educationisnotlimitedtothosewhoarenearauniversity.Anotheradvantageistheabilitytoshowthingstostudents.EveryIITVclassroomhasapadcamTM.Thisspecialcamerafocusesonanypicture,bookpage,orobjectthattheteacherwantsthestudentstosee.Thecamerafocusesonarectangle--thepad.Ateachercanputapicture,forexample,onthepadofthepadcamTM.Thepadcamhasazoomlens.Therefore,theteachercanfocusontinythingsinthepictureandmakethemmuchbiggerthanlife.ArthistoryteachersandanthropologistslovethepadcamTM.Theyuseittomaketheirlessonsmoreinteresting.Theycanshowdetailswithease.

ComputerprogramssuchasPowerPointconnecteasilytotheelectronicequipmentininteractivetelevision.Therefore,thepresentationofideascanhappenquitewell.Theteachercanputthemainideasonthescreen,sothestudentsknowwhatthemainideasofthelessonare.Anotheradvantageistheabilitytoi

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15.Whichofthefollowingisnotabigadvantageofswimmingaccordingtothepassage?

A.Waterreducesthepressureonpeople'sjoints.

B.Swimmingworksmostofthemajormuscles.

C.Watercangreatlyincreasepeople'sfitness.

D.Swimmingcanburnthefatquiteeffectively.

16.

Medicalmarketinghasmanyforms,suchasTVcampaigns,______.

17.

Whenrentinganofficespace,aclientneedstopayaccordingto______,nottheusablespace.

18.

TheGreenhouseEffectisgenerallybelievedtocomefromthe______intheatmosphere.

19.

Theartificialjointwith______,beingagoodimitationofnaturalboneprotein,canattractbonecellsandbecomequicklyincorporatedintothebody.

20.

Thegrantofapatentonanimportantinventionisagreatsocialevent.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(13)

A.Tomwillcertainlycometorepairthestereo.

B.Tomcannotrepairthestereo.

C.Tomdoesn'tkeephisword.

D.Tomisverytrustworthy.

22.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Okay.MayIseeyourdriver'slicenseplease?

W:What?DidIdoanythingwrong?

M:License,please.Andyourcarregistration.

W:Oh,yeah.It'sheresomewhereintheglovecompartment.Yeah,hereitis.

M:Madame,didyourealizeyouwerespeedinginaschoolzone?

W:What?No,Ididn't,butthat'sprobablybecausemyodometerisbroken,Imean,malfunctioning.

M:Yes,youweregoing50milesperhourina20milesperhourzone.And,youfailedtocometoacompletestopattheintersectionbackthem.

W:Rollingstopsdon'tcount?

M:And,oneofyourbreaklightsisout,you'renotwearingaseatbelt,andyourdriver'slicenseexpiredsixmonthsago.

W:Andyournameis...OfficerSmith?Hey,areyourelatedtotheSmithsintown?Myhusband'scousin'shusband,IthinkhisnameisFred,worksforthepolicedepartmenthere.Oristhatthefiredepartment?Anyway,Ithoughtyoumightbegoodpals,andyouknow...

M:Hey,areyoutryingtoinfluenceanofficer?Icouldhavethiscarimpoundedrightnowbecauseoftheseinfractions.

W:No,ofcoursenot.

M:Okay,then,here'syourticket.Youcaneitherappearincourttopaythefineormailitin.Haveaniceday.

W:Doyoutakecash?

(20)

A.Theemployerandemployee.

B.Theinterviewerandinterviewee.

C.Theteacherandstudent.

D.Thepoliceofficeranddriver.

23.【B7】

24.【B2】

25.(19)

A.Whetherthewomanneedshishelp.

B.Whetherthewomanhasanypets.

C.Wherethewomanisgoing.

D.Whetherthewomancantakecareofhispet.

26.聽(tīng)力原文：Undernormalconditionstheactofcommunicationrequiresthepresenceofatleasttwopersons:onewhosendsandonewhoreceivesthecommunication.Inordertocommunicatethoughtsandfeelings,theremustbeaconventionalsystemofsignsorsymbolswhichmeanthesametothesenderandthereceiver.[29]Themeansofsendingcommunicationsaretoonumerousandvariedforsystematicclassification;therefore,theanalysismustbeginwiththemeansofreceivingcommunications.

Receptionofcommunicationisachievedbyoursenses.Sight,hearingandtouchplaythemostimportantroles.Smellandtasteplayverylimitedroles.[30]Examplesofvisualcommunicationaregestureandimitation.Althoughbothfrequentlyaccompanyspeech,therearesystemsthatrelysolelyonsight,suchasthoseusedbydeafanddumbpersons.Anothermeansofcommunicatingvisuallyisbysignalsoffire,smoke,flagsorflashinglights.Feelingsmaybesimplycommunicatedbytouchsuchasbyhandshaking,althoughahighly-developedsystemofhandshakingdisablesblind,deaf,anddumbpersonstocommunicateintelligently.Whistlingtosomeone,clappinghandsinatheater,andotherformsofcommunicationbysoundrelyupontheearasareceiver.Themostfullydevelopedform.ofauditorycommunicationis,ofcourse,thespokenlanguage.

[31]Themeansofcommunicationmentionedsofarhavetwofeaturesincommon:theylastonlyashorttime,andthepersonsinvolvedmustberelativelyclosetoeachother.Therefore,allarerestrictedintimeandspace.

(30)

A.Communicationactuallytakesplacewhenthemessageisreceived.

B.Therearemoremeansofreceivingthanofsendingcommunications.

C.Receptionofcommunicationinvolvesuseofthesenses.

D.Itishardtoorganizebytypingthemeansofsendingcommunication.

27.(16)

A.Itisnottheirs.

B.Ithassomeproblems.

C.Itisoutofwarranty.

D.Itwasstolen.

28.聽(tīng)力原文：W:InChina,alotofpeoplegetupataboutfiveinthemorning.Thentheygototheparkstodotheirexercises.Manyoldpeopledotaijiquan.

M:InEnglandmoreandmorepeoplegojogginginthemorning,butnotsoearly.Actuallyatfiveo'clockinthemorningeveryoneisstillasleep.

Q:WhatdomostEnglandersusuallydoatfiveo'clockinthemorning?

(16)

A.Theyusuallygojogging.

B.Theyusuallygototheparkstodotheirexercises.

C.TheyusuallydoTaijiquan.

D.Theyarestillasleep.

29.聽(tīng)力原文：M:HowdoJaneandBillliketheirnewhome?

W:It'sreallycomfortable,butthey'retiredofhavingtohearthejetsgoovertheirhouseatallhours.

Q:WhatislocatedclosetoJaneandBill'snewhome?

(16)

A.Abusstation.

B.Anairport.

C.Asuperhighway.

D.Atrainstation.

30.

【B2】

31.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Excuseme.Couldyourecommendsomethingforabadcold?

W:Thatdepends.Isitjustasimpleheardcold?

Q:Wheredoesthisdialoguetakeplace?

(15)

A.Inahospital.

B.Inadepartmentstore.

C.Atthepostoffice.

D.Attheoffice.

32.(28)

A.Personaljealousy.

B.Nationalpride.

C.Racialdiscrimination.

D.Politicalprejudice.

33.(29)

A.Supportingthesoil.

B.Providingshadeforanimals.

C.Looseningsoilstructure.

D.Protectingthesoilfromwindandraindamage.

34.(22)

A.Healwaystakesitwithhim.

B.Itwasmadebyhisuncle.

C.Heborroweditfromhisuncle.

D.Hegotaseatfreeforhiscello.

35.(34)

A.Theymustarrangethemeetingplacewellinadvance.

B.Theycanpostponefixingtheplacetilllastminute.

C.Theyneedn'tdecidewhenandwheretomeet.

D.Theystillhavetoworkoutdetailedmeetingplans.

36.(25)

A.$20to$50.B.$200to$500.C.$2000to$5000.D.$10to$100.

37.

【B11】

38.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽(tīng)力原文：W:Pardonme,Mr.Brown,wherearethesevitaminslocated?

M:Youneedaprescriptionforthose.Ifyouhaveone,Icanfillitforyourightaway.

Q:WhoisMr.Brown?

(12)

A.Apharmacist.B.Asalesman.C.Alibrarian.D.Adoctor.

39.聽(tīng)力原文：The22ndofNovember1970isadaythatthreeBritishsoldiersandanarmyofficer'swifewillrememberforalongtime.OnthatdaythefourofthemleftintheirspeedboattogototheclubinCastlePeakBay.Theyreachedtheclubwithoutanydifficulty.Butontheirreturntripintheeveningthemotoroftheirboatbrokedown.Theycouldnotrepairit,sotheydriftedalongintheboat.Hugewaveskeptsplashingoverthesidesoftheboat.Atlasttheylandedonasmallisland.Oneofthemdescribedit:"itwasjustatinyislandwithlonggrassandbushes."

Theyhadnofoodorwater,sotwoofthemwalkedroundtheislandtoseeiftheycouldfindany."Theonlythingwesawwasarat,"saidamanlater.Meanwhiletheothertwopersonshadmadeafirewithdriftwoodtoattracttheattentionofanypassingboat.Twoboatssailedpastbutdidnotstopalthoughthemenshoutedandwavedaburningboardatthem.

Backonlandthefamiliesofthefourfriendshadinformedthepolicewhentheyfailedtoreturn,homebynight.Steamersweresenttosearchforthemastheyhuddledbeforetheirfire,tiredandcold.Atdawnamotorizedboatpassedbyandspottedthem.Theyreportedtothepolice,whowentatoncetotheislandandbroughtthefourpersonssafelyback.

(33)

A.Theengineoftheirboatstoppedworking.

B.Thewereattackedbythunderstorm.

C.Theyranoutofoil.

D.Theyranoutoffood.

40.

【B4】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Websterdefinesadviceasbeing"arecommendationwithregardtoacourseofaction".

Theexpression,"Ineedsomeadvice"hastobeoneofthemost【C1】______statementsintheEnglishlanguage.Whatmakesitremarkablyterrifyingisthattheadviserisusually【C2】______withitoutoftheblueandwithlittleornowarning.Mydaughterisanexpertatthis.LatelyIhavebeenableto【C3】______whenshewillcall.ItusuallyhappenswhenIamhavingthetypeofdaywheneverythingseemstobegoingwell.Iamactually【C4】______withfewthingsthathavetobedone.ItisalmostasifIsendouta【C5】______toherthatIamreadyforthechallenge.Thecallalwaysbeginswiththeexpression,"Dad".Thewordisnotasimportantashowitisstated.Itsoundslikeaquestionbeingaskedbysomeonewhodoesnotwanttobeheard.Inotherwords,itisalittlequieterthanaWhisper.IknowsheknowsitisI,becauseshedidthe【C6】______andIamconfidentthatsheknowsthesoundofmyvoice.ItisalmostasifthewordisasignalthatIhadbetterbeready.

WhenmydaughterwassmallIlookedforwardtogivingheradvice.Infact,I【C7】______believethatshealsoenjoyedit.Forthemost.importantthingaDadcandoisgethischildreadyforlife.NotthatIeverthoughtIwasreadybutatleastIhavebeenabletosurvivemyyears,sofar.She【C8】______tositrealclosetomeoronmylapandIwouldexplainthemysteriesoflifetoher.Iwouldtellherofmoralsandethicsthatmadelifeasgoodasitcanpossiblybe.Yearslater,whenmydaughter【C9】______thewonderfulteenagedyears,shedidn'tacceptmyadvicesasshedidinthepast.Infact,sheobviouslydreadedit.However,IgaveittoheranywaybecauseIwantedhertosurviveherteenagedyears.I【C10】______themsowhyshouldn'tshelistentomeandtakeintheknowledgethatIhadfromtheexperiencesofmypast.ForyearsshenevercametomeforadvicebutIcontinuedtosubmitit.NowthatIthinkofit,myfatherdidthesame.

A)wereE)moneyI)callingM)horrifying

B)predictF)sincerelyJ)hitN)confusing

C)doesn'tG)survivedK)relaxedO)used

D)confrontedH)signalL)far

【C1】

42.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas______.

A.unrealisticB.traditionalC.concernedD.hysterical

43.

LauraMcHughpromisedtogetthebulliedboytestedfordiseasesbecause____.

A.hersonconfessedtobeingwrong

B.shewasafraidtoannoytheboy'sparents

C.hewaslikelytobeaffectedbythesediseases

D.shewantedtoteachherownsonalesson

44.

Thewriter'sattitudetowardsscienceis______.

A.criticalB.approvingC.neutralD.regretful

45.Tornadoes,whirlwinds,andwater-sproutsarerotatingfunnelcloudairmassesofsmalldiameter.Theyaredifferentiatedbytheintensityoftheirrotationandbythesurfacesthattheytraverse.Thoughtornadoesandwhirlwindsbothtraveloverlandmasses,whirlwindsareatmosphericsystemssmallerthantornadoes.Water-sproutsaretornadoesthatform.orpassoverawatersurface.Atornadoisapowerfulvortexor"twister"whoserotationalspeedsareestimatedtobenear300milesperhour.Thefirstvisibleindicationoftornadodevelopmentisusuallyafunnelcloud.Asthisfunnelclipsearthward,itbecomesdarkerbecauseofthedebristhatisforcedintoitsintensifyingvortex.Sometornadoesgivenovisiblewarninguntiltheirdestructionstrikestheunsuspectingvictim.Tornadoesoftenoccuringroups,andseveraltwisterssometimesdescendfromthesamecloudbase.Theforwardspeedofatornadoisnormally30to40milesperhour.Intheshorttimethatittakestopass,atornadocancausefantasticdestruction.Therehavebeencasesreportedinwhichbladesofstrawwereembeddedinfenceposts.

Howaretornadoesdistinguishedfromwhirlwinds?

A.Whirlwindsrotateinadifferentdirectionthantornadoesdo.

B.Tornadoestraveloverlandandwhirlwindsoverwater.

C.Tornadoesarelargerthanwhirlwinds.

D.Onlytornadoesarefunnel-shaped.

46.Fromthepassage,whichisthemaininfluencefactorinthefuture?

A.Theinfluenceofagingproblem.

B.Theshrinkingofyoungerpopulation.

C.Thechangingofworkingstyle.

D.Thechangeofconsumingpattern.

47.

InthispassagetheauthorpointsoutthatbureaucracyinAmericanschoolsnotonlydiscouragesinitiativeandcreativityonthepartofstudents,butalso______.

A.deprivesteachersoffreedomofopinionoraction

B.makesteacherspassiveandunimaginative

C.fostersdoubtsaboutthevaluesofeducationamongteachers

D.bothAandB

48.

Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect______.

A.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

B.admittingthattheinitialvisitwasineffective

C.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

D.warningthepatientthatahospitalstaymightbenecessary

49.

Accordingtothepassage,the"hierarchical"theoryofgalaxyformationsuggeststhatbig,brightgalaxiesformedas______.

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theattitudeofsometopmanagementusedtobe"Themachinebelongstothecompany;theworkerismadeforthemachine;or,theworkerbelongstothecompanyandexiststosatisfyitsneeds."Entertainingsuchaperspectivetodaywouldborderonlunacy(精神錯(cuò)亂),althoughmanagerscanbefoundwhoactasthoughtheystillprescribetoit.Thesimplefactisthatnoemployeeworksprimarilytosatisfytheneedsofanyorganization.Helaborsfirstandforemosttomeethisconcernforthewelfareofthefirm.Additionally,theleadersoonlearnstoaccepthispeopleashefindsthemratherthanashewouldlikethemtobe.Evenifheisunhappywiththeirperformance,heknowsthattheonlypossiblestartingpoint,forimprovement,iswheretheyareandastheyareatagiventime.

Fivefactsareattheheartofanymutualperceptionprocess.First,initialimpressionstendtobelastingaswellaserroneous,itisnecessarynotonlythatthemanageleaderperceivehispeopleaccuratelybutthathemakeiteasyforthemtoseehimasheiswithoutshamorflimflam(欺詐).

Second,apersonperceiveswhathelooksforandverylittleelse.Thismeansthatthemanagershouldemphasizethepositiveinsizinguphispeople.Ifheisawareoftheirlimitations,heisalsoconsciousofthefactthathewillnotmakemuchprogresswiththembyfocusingondeficiencies.Fartoomuchtimeiswastedinmostorganizationsonattemptstoeradicatedefects.Itwouldbewisertoconcentrate'oncapitalizingonassetsandbuildingstrengths.

Third,needsgovernperceptions.Attheoutsetofanyrelationship,thereisboundtobesomeuncertaintyonbothsides.Ifheisanunframedpicturetohissubordinates,themanagerrealizesthattheyarenotsurejusthowtogoaboutrelatingtohim.Hisresponsibilityistobeauthenticinhisdealingswiththemandopentointeractionwiththem.Authenticityandopennessindealingwithhissubordinateswillhelpthemsatisfytheirneedtoknowwheretheystand,howtheyshouldrelatetohim,whatkindofpersonheis,andhowheintendstomanage.Thentheywillgetatruepictureofhimandhowheoperateswithoutwastingtimesecondguessingandplayinggameswithhim.

Thefourthfactisthatattitudesgovernperceptions.Apositive,supportiveattitudeisreadilysensedbyemployees,who,eveniftheyareschool-dull,aregenerallylife-bright.Finally,perceptionsarereallytransactionsbetweenthepeopleinvolved.Astheleadermustallowhispeopleopportunitiestointeractwithhim,sohemustalsointeractwiththem.Inthisway,bothwillmakethegetting-to-know-youprocessefficientandrapid.

Accordingtothepassage,aworkerprimarilyworksfor__________forthewelfareofthefirm.

51.

Laughtercanbeawayofbodyexerciseifpeople______.

A.laughmuchmorethantheydoineveryday

B.laughmuchlouderthantheydoineveryday

C.receivespecialtraininginhowtolaugh

D.learntolaughwhiledoingotherexercises

52.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"Ifyou'veeverbeenburnedbyascumornetworkmarketinghype..."?

A.YoucouldhaveworkedathomejobsorMLMcompanies.

B.Youcouldhavebeencheatedbythenetworkmarketing.

C.Youcouldhavebeencrackeduptobewhatyouareall.

D.Youcouldhavemadealotofmoneyfromthenetworkmarketing.

53.

Thepassagemostprobablyappearsin______.

A.aneconomicperiodical

B.atextbookoneconomics

C.aresearchpaperoneconomy

D.theeconomysectionofanencyclopedia

54.

Inthenearfuture,______.

A.someofficialsconcernedwillleavetheirpositions

B.itwillbeposs