新世紀(jì)Book+1課后練習(xí)

TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.這個嬰兒還不會爬(crawl)，更不要說走了。(letalone)Thebabycan’tevencrawlyet,letalonewalk!(2)威爾聲稱謀殺案發(fā)生時他正在與一群朋友吃飯,但是我認(rèn)為他在說謊。(claim,inone’sopinion）Willclaimedhewasdiningwithagroupoffriendsatthetimeofthemurder,butinmyopinionhetoldalie.

1(3)一定程度上閱讀速度與閱讀技巧密切相關(guān)；有了閱讀技巧，你就可以更好地應(yīng)對課外閱讀了。(toacertainextent,relate…to…,copewith）Toacertainextentthespeedofreadingiscloselyrelatedtoreadingskills;andwithreadingskillsyoucancopewithoutsideclassreadingbetter.

(4)根據(jù)規(guī)則他倆都可以參加比賽。(accordingto）

Accordingtotheregulation/rule,theybothcanplaythegame/participateinthegame.

2(5)有些人想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為日語(Japanese)中的每一個詞在漢語中都有對應(yīng)的詞語。(assume,equivalent)SomepeopleassumethatthereisaChineseequivalentforeveryJapaneseword.(6)我們已將所有的相關(guān)信息告知了警方。(relevant)Wehavepassedallrelevantinformationontothepolice.(7)關(guān)于那件事你問我再多的問題也沒用，因為我是不會回答你的。(it’snouse)

ThereisnouseaskingmeanymorequestionsaboutthatmatterbecauseIwon’tanswer.3(8)事先沒有仔細(xì)閱讀合同(contract)就簽了名是吉姆的錯誤。(onone’spart)ItwasamistakeonJim’sparttosignthecontractwithoutreadingitcarefully.

(9)他們拒絕向我們提供所需要的全部信息。(provide…with)Theyrefusedtoprovideuswithalltheinformationweneed.

(10)這起事故與三年前發(fā)生的一起事故極為相似。(similarto)Thisaccidentisverysimilartotheonethathappenedthreeyearsago.

4(11)這部影片是根據(jù)莎士比亞的戲劇改編的。(baseon)ThefilmisbasedonaplaybyShakespeare.

(12)如果你的英語和電腦技能都掌握得好，那么你在謀職時就一定比別人更有優(yōu)勢。(haveanadvantageover)IfyouhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandcomputerskills,youwillsurelyhaveanadvantageoverothersinfindingajob.52.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.EnglishteachingmethodshavechangedalotInrecentyears.However,agreatdealofteachingisstillbasedonbehavioristpsychology.Teacherswhobelieveinbehavioristpsychologyarefondofmakingtheirstudentsrepeatphrasesandmakingthemdoexerciseswheretheycontinuallyhavetochangeonewordinasentence.Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Butwearenot.Humancommunicationmustberealandmeaningful.6近年來英語教學(xué)法有了很大改變，但是還是有大量的教學(xué)活動建立在行為主義心理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)之上。那些信奉行為主義心理學(xué)理論的教師熱衷于讓學(xué)生復(fù)述短語，并迫使學(xué)生做一些只需不斷更換句中某個詞的練習(xí)。假如我們是鸚鵡或黑猩猩，那么這些方法或許能奏效。但是我們不是鸚鵡或黑猩猩，人類的語言交際必須是真實、有意義的。7Unittwo

EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness8TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.(1)很多老師不贊同這種做法。(frownon)

Manyteachersfrownedonthispractice.

(2)當(dāng)我想從草地上穿過去的時候，有位老人在旁邊怒視著我。(glareat)AnoldmanglaredatmewhenIwastryingtocutacrossthelawn.

9(3)當(dāng)我提到我的父親時,她的臉上露出了認(rèn)出我的笑容。(recognition)WhenImentionedmyfather,sheshowedasmileofrecognitiononherface.

(4)我的大孩子比較聽話,而小的那個非常倔。我現(xiàn)在還?；叵肫鹦〉暮⒆釉谥袑W(xué)畢業(yè)后是如何執(zhí)意要出國讀書的。(whereas,stubborn,recall)

Myfirstbornwasquiteobedient,whereasmyyoungerchildwasverystubborn.Icanstillrecallnowhowtheyoungerchildinsistedongoingabroadtostudyafterhefinishedhissecondaryschool.

10(5)當(dāng)海嘯(tsunami)襲來時，許多東南亞國家遭受了巨大的損失。(sustain)

CountriesinSouthEastAsiasustainedgreatlosseswhenthetsunamistruckthearea.(6)每當(dāng)做母親的拿弟弟跟哥哥做比較，弟弟就要抗議。（comparewith,protest）Everytimethemothertriestocomparetheyoungerbrotherwithhiselderbrother,theyoungeronewillprotest.

11(7)當(dāng)他初到這個新學(xué)校的時候，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與其他同學(xué)格格不入。(fitinwith)

Hefoundhimselfunabletofitinwithhisclassmateswhenhefirstcametothisschool.(8)她臉上氣急敗壞的表情實在把我嚇壞了。我再也不敢說個不字。(terrify)Thefuryonherfaceterrifiedme.Idarednotsaynotoheragain.

12(9)怪不得你最后闖出禍來，原來你從來不聽你父母的管教。(nowonder,endupintrouble)Nowonderyouendedupintrouble.Youneverfollowedyourparents’advice.

(10)他花了整整兩年的時間才慢慢適應(yīng)了這個新環(huán)境。(adaptto)

Ittookhimtwoyearstoadapttothenewenvironment.

132.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.MyparentsmovedtoVermontwhenIwasstillaninfantandmyfather,asoft-spokenman,settledquietlyintohismedicalpracticeinasmalltownthere.HesoonwontherespectofthelocalpeopleandeverywhereIwent,Iwasknownas"DoctorEmploy'sson”.Atfirst,IwasdelightedasIwaswelltreatedbymyclassmatesandteachersbecauseIhadarespectedfather.However,thingssoonchangedwhenIgrewup.Igottiredofbeingfollowedbymyfather’sgoodnameandIwantedindependence.Ibecameverystubbornandrebelliousandstartedtocallmyfatherbyhisfirstname,whichhurthimagreatdeal.Oneday,however,somethinghappenedthatchangedmyattitudecompletely.

14我還是個嬰兒的時候,我的父母親搬到了佛蒙特州。我那溫文而雅的父親在那兒的一個小鎮(zhèn)上毫不張揚地開業(yè)行醫(yī)了。很快，他就贏得了當(dāng)?shù)厝藢λ淖鹁?。我每到一?也被人尊稱為埃普利醫(yī)生的兒子。一開始我很高興同學(xué)和老師們因為我有一個受人尊敬的父親而善待我.但隨著我的長大,事情起了變化。我開始討厭父親的好名聲像影子一樣跟著我。我要獨立。我變得頑固倔強又反叛，還開始對我父親直呼其名，令他傷透了心。但有一天，發(fā)生了一件事令我的態(tài)度徹底改變了。

15UnitThereEnhanceYourLanguageAwareness16TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.威廉非常喜歡那女孩子,所以他盡力討好她，并且很有信心可以贏得她的心。(impress；optimistic)Williamlikesthegirlalotsohetriesveryhardtoimpressherandisoptimisticthathewillwinherheart.

(2)他有創(chuàng)造性，對未來也有很好的判斷力,可就是喜歡秘而不宣。(creative;vision;keepsth.tooneself)Heisverycreativeandhasagoodvisionofthefuture,buthelikestokeepthingstohimself.

17(3)他們來自一個貧窮的小山村，那里的人們遠(yuǎn)離現(xiàn)代文明。(shutoff)Theycamefromapoorvillagewherepeoplewereshutofffrommoderncivilization.

(4)我們要努力工作，爭取達(dá)到我們所訂下的目標(biāo)。(achievethegoals;makean/theeffort)

Wemustworkhardandmakeanefforttoachievethegoalsthatwehaveset.

18(5)我們應(yīng)該滿足于我們所擁有的一切,不該對周圍的事情過分吹毛求疵。(becontentwith;critical)Weshouldlearntobecontentwithallthatwehaveandshouldnotbetoocriticalaboutthingsaroundus.

(6)他們經(jīng)常代表學(xué)校參加辯論比賽;今晚我們將聚會慶祝他們的成功。(represent;throwaparty)Theyoftenrepresentourschoolindebatingcompetitions;tonightwewillthrowapartytocelebratetheirsuccess.19(7)通過讀書,他不僅開闊了視野，而且學(xué)會了不斷完善自己的人格。(expandone’shorizons；improve).Throughreading,notonlyhasheexpandedhishorizon,hehasalsolearnedtokeepimprovinghischaracter.(8)為把那個女孩從火中救出，兩名警察犧牲了他們的生命。(sacrifice)Twopolicemensacrificedtheirlivesinordertosavethatgirlfromthefire.20(9)穩(wěn)定的無沖突的夫妻關(guān)系對家庭中的孩子有好處。

(stable,conflict)Astablerelationshipwithoutconflictsbetweenhusbandandwifebenefitsthechildreninthefamily.212.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Therearemanytheoriesofpersonalitybutthereisnonethatisrightorwrong.Theviewsofpsychologistsvary.Therefore,itisnoteasytosaythatapersonismentallyillunlesshe/sheshowsveryclearindicators.OnethingPsychologistsmayagreeonaboutmentalillnessesIsthatmostpeoplebecomeemotionallyormentallysickasaresultofstress.Thatiswhyitisimportantforeveryonetofindwaystorelaxandhavefun.

22雖然有許多關(guān)于性格的理論，但是任何一個都沒有絕對地對錯之分，因為每個心理學(xué)家對性格的觀點都有所不同。所以,除非某個人已有明顯的癥狀，否則很難斷定這個人患有精神疾病。心理學(xué)家普遍認(rèn)可絕大多數(shù)人是因為過度的壓力才引起情感和精神上的疾病。所以重要的是人們要去尋找可以讓自己放松、開心的方法。23UnitfourEnhanceYourLanguageAwareness24TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.我們一知道成績就互相聯(lián)系吧!(getintouch,assoonas)Let’sgetintouchassoonasweknowtheresultsofthetest/exam.(2)那音樂激起他強烈的思鄉(xiāng)之情。(arouse)Themusicarousedanintensefeelingofhomesicknessinhim.

25(3)你已工作一個上午了，該休息一下了。(deserve)You’vebeenworkingallmorning–youdeservearestnow.(4)我剛躺下，電話鈴就響了。(nosooner…than…)Ihadnosoonerlaindownthanthetelephonerang.Or:NosoonerhadIlaindownthanthetelephonerang.

26(5)醫(yī)生說我疲勞過度，勸我不要再接受更多的工作。(takeon)MydoctorsaysI’mtootiredandhasadvisedmenottotakeonanymorework.(6)珍妮自愿負(fù)責(zé)聚會后的清潔打掃工作。(volunteer)Jennyvolunteeredtoclearupafterthegathering.

27(7)演講的題目提前一個星期宣布，但是演講者的名字不會提前告知。(inadvance)Thesubjectofthetalkisannouncedaweekinadvance,butthenameofthespeakerisnot.

(8)你的考試成績沒有達(dá)到所要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，換句話說，你考試不及格。(inotherwords)Yourperformanceintheexamdidnotreachtherequiredstandard–inotherwords,youfailed.

28(9)她病得很厲害，必須停止工作。(leaveoff)

Shewassoillthatshehadtoleaveoffwork.(10)現(xiàn)在沒辦法知道結(jié)果會怎樣，案子的決定權(quán)在法官手里，我們所能做的就是等待。(inthehandsof)

Thereisnowaytotellwhatisgoingtohappen.Thecaseisinthehandsofthejudge,andallwecoulddois(to)wait.292.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Whenpeoplebecomeveryold,likegrandparentsorgreat-grandparents,theyaresometimesunabletotakecareofthemselves.Theybecomeill,ortheyfalldownandbreakahip,ormaybetheyjustcan’trememberhowtoputtheirpyjamason.Sometimestheyarestillhealthybuttheyarelivingaloneandbecomeverylonely.Afamilymaythengettogetheranddecideifitwouldbebetterfortheiragingrelativetoliveinaplacewherehe/shewillreceivegoodcare–inahomefortheaged.

30當(dāng)人們變得很老時，像祖父母或曾祖父母那樣，他們有時不再能夠照顧自己。他們會生病，或者摔倒而折斷股骨，或者他們根本都不記得該如何穿睡衣。有時候雖然有些老人看起來還健康，但是因為他們自己獨居，所以覺得很孤單。這時候全家人要碰個頭，商討一下讓他們?nèi)諠u衰老的家人去養(yǎng)老院去居住是否是一個較好的辦法，因為在那里他們可以得到更好的照顧。31Unitfive

EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness32TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.我們是好朋友，可他居然將這么大的一件事瞞著我，實在令我吃驚。（keepsth.from,takesb.bysurprise）Wearegoodfriends;however,hekeptsuchanimportantmatterfromme,whichtookmebysurprise.(2)考試得不得一百分不要緊。重要的是別失去自信心。（matter,loseconfidencein）

Itdoesn’tmatterifyoucannotgetfullmarksfortheexam;whatmattersisnottoloseconfidenceinyourself.

33(3)昨天晚上他和我聊天，并安慰我說，這種病并不難治，還沒人死于這種病。（chatwith,assure，dieof）

Hechattedwithmelastnightandreassuredmethatthediseasewasnothardtocureandthatnobodyhadeverdiedofit.

(4)她決心用鋼鐵般的意志來克服生活中的種種障礙。（determined,awillofiron,obstacle

Shewasdeterminedtoovercomealltheobstaclesinherlifewithawillofiron.

34(5)事實是他早就收到我的錢了，卻有意不給我回條確認(rèn)。這實在讓我氣壞了。（turnout,acknowledge,drivesb.crazy）Itturnedoutthathehadalreadyreceivedmymoney,butdidnotacknowledgethereceiptofitonpurpose.Thisreallydrovemecrazy.

(6)他是個害羞和沉靜的男孩，在走上講臺敘述自己的經(jīng)歷之前，他悄悄地坐在禮堂的一角集思冥想。（gatherone’sthoughts）Heisashyandsilentboy.Beforehewentontothestagetosharehisexperiences,hesatquietlyinacorneroftheauditorium,gatheringhisthoughts.

35(7)他當(dāng)場承認(rèn)他要出國留學(xué)，因為他相信國外的教育會給他將來的研究工作打開大門。(admit,spot,opendoors/thedoorto)Headmittedonthespotthathewouldgooverseasforfurtherstudyashebelievedoverseaseducationwouldopenthedoortohisfutureresearch.

(8)看到自己的侄女幾年內(nèi)就長成了一個美麗的姑娘，瑪麗的叔叔的臉上滿是笑容。（turninto,lightup）Mary’suncle’sfacelitupwhenhesawhisniecehadturnedintoaprettyyoungladyinjustafewyears.

362.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.MygrandmawasveryhappytoseethatIhadturnedintoastrongyoungmanwhenIwentbacktovisither.Wechattedandrecalledsomeeventsfrommychildhood.Halfwaythrough,mygrandmasighedandsaid,“MaybeI’llneverbeabletoseeyouagain.”Igotashockandgavehermyarched-eyebrowinquiries,notknowingwhatmadehersaysomethingsodisturbing.Wesatinsilenceforawhileandmygrandma’seyesfilledwithtears.Shefinallytoldmethatthedoctorsaidshehadaseriousheartproblemandshehadalreadysufferedafewattacks.Inspiteofcontinuoustreatment,herconditionhadnotimprovedyet.Iblamedmygrandmaforkeepingthebadnewsfrommeandtoldherthattheremustbeoptions.Sheshookherhead.Ireachedoverandtightenedmyarmsaroundher,wishingthatwecouldhavemoretimetogether.

37我回去看我外婆的時候,她非常高興地看到我已長成一個健壯的小伙子。我們一起聊天，回憶我小時候的一些事情。談到一半的時候，外婆突然嘆了一口氣說，“大概以后再也見不到你了?！彼脑捠刮艺痼@得拱起了眉頭，不明白她為什么說出這么令人不安的話來。我們靜靜地坐了一會兒，外婆的眼里噙滿淚水。她終于告訴我說，醫(yī)生診斷出她得了嚴(yán)重的心臟病，已經(jīng)發(fā)作了好幾次，也一直在治療，但情況一點也沒有進(jìn)展。我怪外婆一直把這壞消息瞞著我，并告訴她一定會有辦法醫(yī)治的，她卻搖頭否認(rèn)。我伸出雙臂抱著外婆，多么希望我們能在一起度過更多的時間。

38Unitsix

EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness39TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.直起身來，腳要跟上音樂拍子。(straightenup,keeptimeto)Straightenup!Yourfeetshouldkeeptimetotherhythmofthemusic.

(2)她將一張紙條悄悄地塞在了他的手中。他看了以后很不高興，以為她在取笑他（slipinto,makefunof）Sheslippedanoteintohishand.Hewasveryunhappyafterreadingit,ashethoughtthatshewasmakingfunofhim.

40(3)小偷被抓住時，求我們饒恕他。他說他偷食物是因為他的媽媽快餓死了,家里幾乎一點吃的都沒有了。（plead,barely）

Thethiefpleadedforourmercywhenhewascaught.Hesaidhehadstolenthefoodbecausehismotherwasstarvingtodeathandtherewasbarelyanyfoodleftinthehouse.

(4)既然他們要求更多的電力供應(yīng)，我們應(yīng)該滿足他們的需要，減輕他們的壓力。(request,release）Theyhavemadearequestformoreelectricitysupplies,whichweshouldsatisfyinordertoreleasethemfromthepressuretheyareunder.41(5)他們將酒瓶傳了一圈，每人喝了一口后，就向森林深處走去。（maketherounds，setoutfor）

Theymadetheroundswiththewinebottle;eachtookagulpandthentheysetoutfortheforest.

(6)我的電視機壞了,我馬上在網(wǎng)上訂購了一臺新的。網(wǎng)上商店會派人送貨上門。（breakdown,deliver）MyTVsetbrokedown;Ihaveorderedanewoneonlineandtheshopisgoingtohaveitdeliveredtothedoor.

42(7)他的話令所有的人不快，大家都停止了吃飯。過了一會兒，大家繼續(xù)吃飯，但每個人都看上去心事重重。（resume,weighon）Hiswordsmadeeveryoneunhappyandstopeating.Afterawhile,theyresumedeating,buttheyalllookedasifsomethingwasweighingontheirminds.(8)像他這么一個一向溫文爾雅的人居然如此粗魯?shù)卮驍辔覀儭Ｎ覀兌紵o法置信地看著他。(interrupt，indisbelief）Westaredathimindisbelief,astonishedthatsomeoneasgentleasheiscouldinterruptussorudely.

432.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.LastChristmasEve,wehadabadtripandwhenwecheckedintoashabbyhotelinNice,therewasnoChristmasspiritinourhearts.WhenwewentintoaboringlookingrestaurantforourChristmasdinner,thingsdidnotseemtoimproveabit.However,themiserableeveninginthisdullrestaurantendedupbeingtheverybestChristmasEvewehadeverexperiencedjustbecauseofayoungsailorwhohadChristmasspiritinhissoul.Hereleasedtheloveandjoythathadbeensmotheredwithinusbyangeranddisappointment.HegaveusChristmas.44去年圣誕節(jié)除夕,我們的旅途諸多不順。當(dāng)我們住進(jìn)尼斯一家骯臟而昏暗的旅館時,我們的心中已無任何圣誕節(jié)的感覺可言。我們進(jìn)入一家看上去很乏味的飯館吃飯時,情況一點也沒有好轉(zhuǎn)。但是,在這沉悶飯館中度過的不愉快的夜晚最后卻變成我們所度過的最好的圣誕前夜，這一切都是因為那個充滿了圣誕精神的美國水手。他將我們心中被憤怒和失望壓抑的愛和歡樂釋放出來.他帶給了我們圣誕節(jié)。45Unitseven

EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness46TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.(1)我們剛開始一個新的工作，肯定會有很多東西不熟悉。(beboundto）

Wheneverwestartanewjob,thereareboundTobealotofthingswemaynotbefamiliarwith.(2)這種新藥已經(jīng)成功地用在動物身上，但這并不意味著它在人類身上也適用。(beappliedto）

Thisnewmedicine/drughassuccessfullybeenusedonanimals,butthisdoesn’tmeanthatitcanbeappliedtohumans.47(3)他這次演講比賽沒能得第一名主要是因為他缺乏信心。(lackof)

Hisfailuretowinthefirstprizeinthespeechcompetitionislargelyduetohislackofconfidence.(4)對于一般人來說，憂郁癥（depression）很容易跟壓力混淆，因為憂郁癥也可以是某些壓力的反應(yīng)。(beconfusedwith)

Tothegeneralpublic,depressioncanbeeasilyconfusedwithstress,asitmaybearesponsetosometypesofstress.48(5)世界糧食的生產(chǎn)將越來越難跟上世界人口的日益增長。(keeppacewith)

Itisbecomingincreasinglydifficultforworldfoodproductiontokeeppacewiththecontinuingoftheworld’spopulation.(6)要成功地得到一份工作，需要很多因素一起發(fā)揮作用，這些因素包括你的技能、文憑和工作經(jīng)驗。(comeintoplay)

Tosuccessfullygetajob,alotoffactorsneedtocomeintoplay,includingyourskills,diplomaandworkexperience.492.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.Thekeytoreflectivelisteningistheabilitytolisteninanon-judgmentalway—tolistenforunderstandingandnotforagreement.Howdoesonelearntobeamoreattentiveandreflectivelistener?Theprocessgoeslikethis.Sitdownoppositethespeakerinarelaxed,attentivemanner.Letthespeakerbegintalkingaboutspecificideasorfeelingsthatheorsheisexperiencingandwantstoshare.Payfullattentiontoboththeverbalandnonverballanguage.Afterfourorfivesentences,stopthespeakerwith“l(fā)etmeseeifIamunderstandingyou.”Then,repeatbackinyourownwordswhatyouheardandthefeelingsyoupickedupon:“Yousaid...”,“Youfelt...”,“Wasthataccurate?”Ifthespeakersaysitwasnotaccurate,askforaclarificationoftheportionofthemessagethatwasmisunderstoodorincorrect.Oncethisisclarifiedforbothofyou,thenthespeakercangoonforanotherfewsentences,andthereflectionprocesscontinues.Remember,thegoalforboththespeakerandlistenerisunderstanding,notagreement.

50回應(yīng)式聆聽的關(guān)鍵是要能夠不加論斷地聆聽，即為理解而聽，而不是為達(dá)成一致而聽。我們?nèi)绾慰梢猿蔀楦鼘Ｐ募盎貞?yīng)式的聽眾呢？過程是這樣的。坐在說話人的對面，身體放松，注意力集中。讓說話人開始講述他正經(jīng)歷或想要分享的情感或具體的想法。對言語或非言語的信息都要注意。當(dāng)說話人說完四、五句話的時候，打斷說話人，說，“讓我看看我有沒有聽明白你的話?！比缓?，用你自己的話重復(fù)你剛才所聽到的信息或感受的情感：“你剛才說…”，“你的感覺是…”，“我說得對嗎？”如果說話人說不對，則要求說話人澄清一下他沒聽明白或聽錯的部分。當(dāng)你們兩個都明白后，說話人就可以繼續(xù)說下面幾句話，回應(yīng)的過程又重新開始。記住：說話人和聽話人的目的都是為了理解，而不是達(dá)成一致。51Uniteight