2023年考研考博-考博英語-浙江大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語-浙江大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Hewasunabletoendurethetortureoftheenemyandsurrendered.He（）hiscomrades.問題1選項(xiàng)A.revealedB.suspendedC.exposedD.betrayed2.單選題The（）ofjettravelhasmadetheworldseemsmaller.問題1選項(xiàng)A.remarkB.relationshipC.removalD.innovation3.單選題Agrowingnumberofcompaniesarenowtryingtoserve“segmentsofone.”Theyattemptto()theirofferandcommunicationtoeachindividualcustomer.Thisisunderstandablewithlargeindustrialcompaniesthathaveonlyafewmajorcustomers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.adoptB.adaptC.incorporateD.exclude4.單選題Accordingtoaprominentphilosopherintoleranceisa/an（）tounderstanding.問題1選項(xiàng)A.barrierB.improvementC.foundationD.approach5.單選題Duringtheracesthereweretwoaccidentstomotor-cyclistsincludingone（）accident.問題1選項(xiàng)A.fatalB.killingC.deadlyD.deathly6.單選題YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.問題1選項(xiàng)A.objectB.particularC.subjectD.prone7.單選題Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilitymaynotseemonthesurfacetobeconnected,butpeoplewhohaveresearchedthesubject—andstudiedthebrain—saythattheyare.ResearchformybookLate-TalkingChildrendrovehomethepointtome.Threequartersofthebrightbutspeech-delayedchildreninthegroupIstudiedhadacloserelativewhowasanengineer,mathematicianorscientistandfourfifthshadacloserelativewhoplayedamusicalinstrument.Thechildrenthemselvesusuallytookreadilytomathandotheranalyticalsubjects—andtomusic.Black,whiteandAsianchildreninthisgroupshowthesamepatterns.However,lookingatthelargeworldaroundus,itisclearthatblackshavebeengreatlyover-representedinthedevelopmentofAmericanpopularmusicandgreatlyunderrepresentedinsuchfieldsasmathematics,scienceandengineering.Iftheabilitiesrequiredinanalyticalfieldsandinmusicaresocloselyrelated,howcantherebethisgreatdisparity?Onereasonisthatthedevelopmentofmathematicalandothersuchabilitiesrequiresyearsofformalschooling,whilecertainmusicaltalentscanbedevelopedwithlittleornoformaltraining,ashashappenedwithanumberofwell-knownblackmusicians.Itispreciselyinthosekindsofmusicwhereonecanacquiregreatskillwithoutformaltrainingthatblackshaveexcelled-popularmusicratherthanclassicalmusic,pianoratherthanviolin,bluesratherthanopera.Thisisreadilyunderstandable,giventhatmostblacks,formostofAmericanhistory,havenothadeitherthemoneyortheleisureforlongyearsofformalstudyinmusic.BlackshavenotmerelyheldtheirowninAmericanpopularmusic.Theyhaveplayedadisproportionatelylargeroleinthedevelopmentofjazz,bothtraditionalandmodern.Alongstringofnamescomestomind—DukeEllington,ScouJoplin,W.C.Handy,LouisArmstrong,CharlieParker...andonandon.Noneofthispresupposesanyspecialinnateabilityofblacksinmusic.Onthecontrary,itisperfectlyconsistentwithblacks,havingnomoresuchinbornabilitythananyoneelse,butbeinglimitedtobeingabletoexpresssuchabilityinnarrowerchannelsthanotherswhohavehadthemoney,thetieandtheformaleducationtospreadoutoverawiderrangeofmusic,aswellasintomathematics,scienceandengineering.ThereisnowayofknowingwhetherDukeEllingtonwouldhavebecomeamathematicianorscientistunderothercircumstances.Whatiscleareristhatmostblackshavenothadsuchalternativesavailableuntilveryrecently,ashistoryismeasured.Moreover,nowthatculturaltraditionshavebeenestablished,eventhoseblackswhohavesuchalternativesavailabletoday,andwhohavetheinbornabilitiestopursuethem,mayneverthelesscontinueforsometimetofollowwell-wornpaths.1.Theauthor’sresearchforhisbookLate-TalkingChildrenshowedhimthat（）.2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.3.ItisknownfromthepassagethatDukeEllington（）.4.Theauthorholdsthat（）.5.Inthispassage,theauthortriestosaythat（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilityarecloselyrelatedB.brightbutspeech-delayedchildrenfavoranalyticalsubjectsC.onthesurface,mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilityarenotconnectedD.childrenofdifferentracesdifferslightlyintheirmathematicalandmusicalabilities問題2選項(xiàng)A.thedevelopmentofallmusictalentsneedslittleornoformaltrainingB.abilities,suchasmathematicalability,sometimescannotbedevelopedwithformaleducationC.blacksareunderrepresentedinmathematicsbecausetheyhavenochancestoreceiveformaleducationD.blacksusuallyprefermusictomathematics,scienceandengineering問題3選項(xiàng)A.onlylovespopularmusicB.hasmadeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofjazzC.isanobscuremusicianD.neverexcelsinjazzmusic問題4選項(xiàng)A.blacksdemonstratebetterinbornmusicalabilitiesthanothersB.blacksaredistinguishedinallkindsofmusicC.blacksnowcontinuetodomusicbecauseoftheirculturaltraditionsD.blacksstillhavenochancestobecomemathematiciansorscientiststoday問題5選項(xiàng)A.musicalabilityhasnoconnectionwithmathematicalabilityB.one’sabilityhasnoconnectionwithmathematicalabilityC.blacksaresoprejudicedthattheyseldomacceptnewthingsD.blacksaremoresuccessfulinmusicthaninsciencebecauseofvariousreasons8.單選題Veryfewscientists（）withacompletelynewanswertotheworld’sproblem.問題1選項(xiàng)A.comeonB.comeupC.comeinD.comeround9.單選題Thebravefiremanhadfoughtfordaysbeforetheymanagedto（）theforestfire.問題1選項(xiàng)A.putonB.putupwithC.putoffD.putout10.單選題Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforcourage.Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallendupjustbylisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthiswayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Industryhasfirmlycarvedoutateenagemarket.Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementwhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.Andmanyoftoday’sparentshavecometoawardhighmarksforthepopularityoftheirchildren.Allthisaddsuptoagreaterbarrierforthe

teenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.Butthebarrierisworthclimbingover.Thepathisworthfollowing.Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoaparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon’tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhomyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.1.Themainpurposeofthispassageistotell（）.2.Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtobethemselves,but,infact,mostofthem（）.3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?4.Theauthorthinksofadvertisementsas（）.5.Duringtheteenageyears,oneshouldlearnto（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.readershowtobepopularwithpeoplearoundB.teenagershowtolearntodecidethingsforthemselvesC.parentshowtocontrolandguidetheirchildrenD.peoplehowtounderstandandrespecteachother問題2選項(xiàng)A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachotherB.lackconfidenceC.darenotcopewithproblemssingle-handedD.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost問題3選項(xiàng)A.Thereisnopopularitythatreallycounts.B.Whatmanyparentsaredoingisinfacthinderingtheirchildrenfromfindingtheirownpaths.C.Itisnotnecessarilybadforateenagertodisagreewithhisorherclassmates.D.Mostteenagersarenotactuallyrebelling.問題4選項(xiàng)A.originalB.influentialC.detrimentalD.authoritative問題5選項(xiàng)A.differfromothersinasmanywaysaspossibleB.getintotherightseasonandbecomepopularC.findone’srealselfD.rebelagainstparentsandthepopularitywave11.單選題Mr.Smithaskedhissecretaryto（）anewparagraphintheannualreportshewastyping.問題1選項(xiàng)A.invadeB.installC.insertD.inject12.單選題Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,”wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago.“Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（腎上激素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight（逃離）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause“thecarmightbreakdown.”Growingupinsuchahome?Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.fearofsomethingB.afiercebeastC.physicalpainD.publicridicule問題2選項(xiàng)A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbodyB.quickenourheartbeatandresponsesC.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstreamD.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves問題3選項(xiàng)A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyisB.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysicalC.onecannotstandthedangerD.oneisnotwellpreparedforit問題4選項(xiàng)A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydangerB.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeatureC.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoiseD.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise問題5選項(xiàng)A.homeeducationB.schooleducationC.parents'lifestyleD.earlyexperiences13.單選題Hisbirthdaywas（）inabighotelandattendedbyabout200people.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inspectedB.installedC.celebratedD.interfered14.單選題Theviolent（）ofhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmy,butathiswifeatall.問題1選項(xiàng)A.impatienceB.characterC.temperD.quality15.單選題Today,cigarettesmokingisawidespreadhabit.About43percentoftheadultmenand31percentoftheadultwomenintheUSsmokecigarettesregularly.Itisencouragingtonote,however,thatmillionsofpeoplehavegivenupthesmokinghabit.75percentofthemalepopulationand46percentofthefemalepopulationhavesmokedcigarettesatsometimeduringtheirlives,but26percentofthesemenand11percentofthewomenhavestoppedsmoking.Thenumberofpersonswhohavegivenupsmokingisincreasing.Itisafactthatmenasagroupsmokemorethanwomen.Amongbothmenandwomentheagegroupwiththehighestproportionofsmokersistheagegroup24-44.Income,education,andoccupationallplayapartindeterminingaperson’ssmokinghabits.Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeoplelivingonfarms.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.Ontheotherhand,ifawell-educatedmanwithahigherincomesmokesatall,heislikelytosmokemorepacksofcigarettesperday.Thesituationissomewhatdifferentforwomen.Thereareslightlymoresmokersamongwomenwithhigherfamilyincomesandhighereducationthanamongthelowerincomeandlowereducationalgroups.Thesemorehighlyeducatedwomentendtosmokemoreheavily.Amongteenagersthepictureissimilar.Therearefewerteenagedsmokersfromupper-income,well-educatedfamilies,andfewerfromfamilieslivinginfarmareas.Highschoolstudentswhoarepreparingforcollegearelesslikelytosmokethanthosewhodonotplantocontinuetheireducationafterhighschool.Childrenaremostlikelytostartsmokingifoneorbothoftheirparentssmoke.1.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?2.Whatdeterminesaperson’ssmokinghabits?3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?4.Whatisthesmokingsituationforwomen?5.Whatcanwesayaboutteenagesmokers?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Moreandmorepeopletakeupthehabitofsmoking.B.TherearemoresmokingwomenthansmokingmeninUSAC.Itisgoodnewsthatmorepeoplehavegivenupsmoking.D.TheUShasmoresmokingpeoplethananyothercity.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Age,incomeandeducationB.Age,sexandincome.C.Occupation,incomeandsexD.Profession,incomeandeducation問題3選項(xiàng)A.Citypeoplearelesslikelytosmoke.B.Peopleinruralareasaremorelikelytosmoke.C.Menwithhigherincomestendtosmoke.D.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesaregenerallylesslikelytosmoke.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Thesituationisquitethesameforwomenasformen.B.Better-educatedwomenarelikelytosmokeheavily.C.Therearemorewomensmokerswithlowincomes.D.Womenwithhigherincomesandhighereducationdonottendtosmoke.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Thepictureabouttheteenagesmokersissimilartothatofwomensmokers.B.Thesituationamongteenagersisquitethesamewithmen.C.Highschoolstudentsaremorelikelytosmokethancollegestudents.D.Farmers’childrentendtosmokemore.第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】動詞詞義辨析。revealed揭示；suspended懸浮，暫停；exposed使暴露，揭露；betrayed出賣，背叛。句意：他無法忍受敵人的折磨而投降了。他背叛了他的同志。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。2.【答案】D【解析】形近詞辨析。remark評論；relationship關(guān)系；removal去掉；innovation發(fā)明。句意：噴氣式飛機(jī)旅行的發(fā)明似乎使世界變小了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。3.【答案】B【解析】adopt采取，接受；adapt使適應(yīng)；incorporate包含，吸收，合并；exclude排除。句意：越來越多的公司正試圖服務(wù)于“一個部分”。他們試圖讓客戶適應(yīng)他們所提供的服務(wù)并和每一個個體客戶進(jìn)行溝通。對于只有少數(shù)主要客戶的大型公司來說，這是可以理解的。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。4.【答案】A【解析】名詞詞義辨析。barrier障礙，界限；improvement改進(jìn)，改善；foundation基礎(chǔ)，創(chuàng)立；approach方法，途徑。句意：據(jù)一位著名的哲學(xué)家說，不寬容是理解的障礙。根據(jù)句意可推測選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

5.【答案】A【解析】近義詞辨析。fatal致命的，一般指不可避免的；killing殺害的；deadly指能致命或?qū)嶋H已致命的事物，也可指企圖使他人致死的人；deathly死一般的。句意：在比賽中摩托車手發(fā)生了兩起事故，包括一起致命事故。選項(xiàng)A正確。6.【答案】C【解析】句意：長江流經(jīng)一個有許多湖泊的大平原，這個平原寬達(dá)2公里，平均深度在6至15米之間。這個地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)和河流泥沙淤積。objectto對……反對；particular特別，尤其，不與to搭配；subjectto使遭受；proneto有……傾向的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。7.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:B第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Late-TalkingChildren”定位到第一段的第二句，但答案在上一句“Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilitymaynotseemonthesurfacetobeconnected,butpeoplewhohaveresearchedthesubject—andstudiedthebrain—saythattheyare.”表面上看數(shù)學(xué)能力和音樂能力好像沒什么聯(lián)系，但經(jīng)過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，兩者其實(shí)是有關(guān)聯(lián)的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“certainmusicaltalentscanbedevelopedwithlittleornoformaltraining”可知選項(xiàng)A錯誤；根據(jù)第三段中“thedevelopmentofmathematicalandothersuchabilitiesrequiresyearsofformalschooling”可知選項(xiàng)B錯誤；選項(xiàng)C與第三段內(nèi)容相符，所以正確；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“DukeEllington”定位到第五段，根據(jù)第五段第二句“Theyhaveplayedadisproportionatelylargeroleinthedevelopmentofjazz,bothtraditionalandmodern.”他們在爵士樂的發(fā)展中，無論是傳統(tǒng)的還是現(xiàn)代的，都或多或少的扮演了重要角色。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Onthecontrary,itisperfectlyconsistentwithblacks,havingnomoresuchinbornabilitythananyoneelse...”可知選項(xiàng)A錯誤；根據(jù)本文最后一句“nowthatculturaltraditions...tofollowwell-wornpaths.”可知選項(xiàng)C符合原文；選項(xiàng)D表述太絕對。5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。文章第一句就說了數(shù)學(xué)能力和音樂能力有一點(diǎn)關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)A和B均表述錯誤；選項(xiàng)C表述太絕對且在文中沒有提及，排除；選項(xiàng)D由于多種原因，黑人在音樂方面要比在科學(xué)方面更成功，符合原文。8.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。comeupwith提出，想出。故答案為B。comeon快點(diǎn)，開始；comearound蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺；comein流行。只有選項(xiàng)B可以和with搭配。句意：很少有科學(xué)家能對這個世界的問題給出一個全新的答案。9.【答案】D【解析】動詞詞組辨析。puton穿上，上演；putupwith忍受，容忍；putoff推遲，扔掉，阻止；putout熄滅，伸出。句意：勇敢的消防隊(duì)員們奮戰(zhàn)了好幾天才把森林大火撲滅。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。10.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:A第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.主旨?xì)w納題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是鼓勵青少年獨(dú)立自主，選項(xiàng)B最能概括全文。2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforcourage.”他們中的大多數(shù)人并沒有勇氣自己走出去，而是緊緊抓住彼此的手尋求勇氣。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)本文的最后兩句“Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhomyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.”可知選項(xiàng)A錯誤。4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“advertisements”定位到第三段第三句“Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementwhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.”現(xiàn)在每個青少年都可以從廣告中學(xué)到一個青少年應(yīng)該擁有什么和成為什么。所以作者認(rèn)為廣告對青少年的影響是相當(dāng)大的。選項(xiàng)B正確。detrimental不利的，有害的。5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.”可知作者是鼓勵青少年找尋真正的自己。選項(xiàng)C符合原