2011年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類閱讀理解

2011年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類閱讀理解

新增文章篇目

第三篇

CookingOilFumesCauseTumor

Theleadingcauseoflungcancer（癌瘤）amongwomeninthecitywascookingoil

fumes（煙,氣，whilemenaremorelikelytodevelopthediseasefromsmoking,said

medicalexpertsafterafive-yearresearchstudy.

Doctorsannouncedtheresultsyesterdaywithanalysisonsomenewtendencies

inlungcancer.Theysaidpatientsareyounger,especiallywomen.

AccordingtotheShanghaiTumor（腫瘤）researchInstitute,morelocalresidents

dieoflungcancerinthecitythananythingelse.Followingbreast（乳房，胸）cancer,

ithasthesecond-highestincidence（發(fā)生\發(fā)生率））rate.

“Anunhealthylifestyleisaveryimportantreasonforlungcancer,“saidDr

HeYuminfromShanghaiMinshenTraditionalChineseMedicineTumorDiagnosis（診斷）

andTreatmentCenter.

Hefollowed2,276lungcancerpatientsforfiveyears.Amongthem,1,483were

male.

Smokingcauses70percentofcasesamongmenwhileonly18percentoffemale

patientsdevelopedcancerfromsmokingorinhaling（吸入）second-handsmoke,

accordingtothereport.

However,morethan60percentofwomenwiththediseasehadlongterm,close

contactwithstrongoilfumesfromcookingandcomplainedaboutirritated（使疼

痛,刺激）eyesandthroat.

About32percentofwomenfried油煎）foodsinboilingoilinunventilated

（使不通風(fēng)）kitchensandabout25percentofwomen'sbedroomswereadjacent（臨

近的）tothekitchen.

However,localwomenweresurprisedtolearncookingoilfumescouldleadto

cancer.Someclaimedtheymaychangefoodpreparationmethods.

“UnlessmyfamilyandIdon，teatathomeeveryday,Imuststayinthekitchen

tocook,“saidXuLi,a45-year-oldlocalwoman."Iknowthefumesarebadforthe

skin,butitisthefirsttimeIheardthatitcanresultinlungcancer.Ihave

alreadystartedfryingless.”

Doctorssaidwomen，slungcancerhadfewlinkstopersonalhealthandphysical

condition,butwascloselyrelatedtofamilycancerhistory,unhealthydietary

（飲食的）habitsandweakimmune（免疫的）systems.

Otherexpertsagreedwithhe.

“Smokingisbyfarthebiggestcauseof1ungcancerformen,“saidDrTanBinyong,

honorary（名譽(yù)上的;榮譽(yù)的）presidentoftheRespiratory（呼吸的）DiseaseInstitute

atFudanUniversity，sMedicalCollege."It'struethatsecond-handsmokeandcooking

fumesarethemaincausesamongwomen.

He'sresearchalsowarnedpeoplenottostandnearofstalls（貨攤）selling

friedfoodsduetothepoorqualityofoilsused.

Thechanceofcatchinglungcanceristhreetimeshigherifexposedtothefume

foralongtime,expertssaid.

1.Whatanewtendencyinlungcancerisconcludedbytheresearchers?

AMenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanwomen.

BWomenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanmen.

CPatientswithlungcancerbecomeolder,especiallymales.

DPatientswithlungcancerbecomeyounger,especiallyfemales.

2.Whichofthefollowingdiseasesisthemostcommonamongthelocalresidentsin

Shanghai?

AHeartdisease.BBreastcancer.CInfectiousdiseases.DLungcancer.

3.Whatsymptomsmaybe'complainedofbymostwomenwithlungcancerafterlong

term,closecontactwithcookingoilfumes?

AIrritatedeyesandthroat.BSeverepaininbothlungs.

CContinuouscoughandheadache.DDifficultyinbreathin9.

4.Whatwasthelocalwomen'sreactionwhentheylearnedthatcookingoi1fumescould

leadtocancer?

AHappy.BSurprised.CAngry.DCareless

5.Whichofthefollowinghasrelativelylittleconnectionwithwomen*slungcancer?

AFamilycancerhistory.BUnhealthydietaryhabits.

CWeakimmunesystems.DPersonalhealthandphysicalcondition.

答案與題解：

1.D2.B3.A4.B5.D

*第十八篇

ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics

Iddobrisk（輕快的;

/AssociateProfessorDr.FlemmingDelaoftheMuscleResearchCentersaidthe

testsdemonstratedthattheexercisingdiabeticshadjustashighinsulin

utilisation（利用，使用）asthehealthynon-exercisingpersons.

“Thismeansthattheinsulinworksjustaswellforbothgroups.Physical

exercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabetes,butitcanelinrinatealmostaIJtheir

symptoms.Atthesametimeitcanpuloffthepointatwhichtheyhavetobegintaking

insulinorperhapscompletelyavoidinsulintreatment,“Delawasquotedassaying

（格言）.

Insulinisahormone（激索）producedbythepancreas（胰（腺））,control!ing

sugarinthebodyandusedagainstdiabetes.

DelasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonIyexerciseto

thepointwheretheybegintoworkupasweat,butthattheactivityhastobe

maintainedsinceitwearsoffafterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.

Mostdiabeticsrealisethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunaware

oftheimportanceofexercise,Delaadded.

1.HowcouldmostelderlytypeIIdiabeticsstoptakinginsulin?

ABytakingmoresaItthanusual.

BBytakinglesssaItthanusual.

CBydoingbriskexerciseforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweek.

DBygoingclimbing,swimmingorboxingeveryday.

2.Physicalexorcisemayincreasethebodyabilitytomi1iseinsu1inby

A70percent.B30percent.C60percent.Donlyafewpercent.

3.ThesubjectsoftheresearchtestsconductedattheCopenhagenCentra1Hospital

included

Aelderlynon-diabeticmen.Beldei'lytypeIIdiabeticmen.

Cbothsexesofallages.DbothAandB.

4.Towhatadegreehavediebeticstoexerciseinordertoachievethedesiredeffect?

ATothedegreewheretheybegintosweat.

BTothedegreewheretheyfee）exhausted.

CTothepointwhentheyfeelthirsty.

DTothepointwhentheyhavetotakeinsulin.

5.AccordingtoDela,amongmostdiabeticstheimportanceofexerciseisthe

importentanceofwatchingtheirdiet.

AaspoorlyunderstoodasBaswellunderstoodas

ClessunderstoodthanDbetterunderstoodthantheimportance

答案與題解：

1.C2.B3.D4.A5.C

*第二十四篇

PreventingChildMaltreatment

ChildmaItreatment（虐待）isaglobalprob1emwithseriouslife-long

consequences（結(jié)局，結(jié)果）.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalence

（流行）ofchi1dmaltreatment.Dataformanycountries,especiallylow-and

middle-incomecountries,arelacking.

Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Currentestimatesvary

widelydependingonthecoiuitryandthemethodofresearchused.Nonetheless,

internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximate!y（大約，大概）20%ofwomenand

5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexual1yabused（濫用：虐待）aschi1dron.Whi1o25

—50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,manychildren

aresubjecttoemotionalabuse（sometimesreferredtoaspsychologicalabuse）.

Everyyear,thereareanestimated31,000homicide（殺人）deathsinchildren

under15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentoftheproblem,asasignifleant

proportionofdeathsduetochiIdma11realinentareincorrectlyattributed（歸因

于）toFaiIs,burnsanddrowning.

ChildnialtreatmentcausessufferingtochiIdrenandfamiliesandcanhave

1ong-termconsequences.Maltreatmentcausesstressthatisassociatedwith

disruption（擾亂）inearlybraindevelopment.Extremestresscanimpair（損害）

thedevelopmentofthenervousandimmunesystems.Consequently,asadults,

malti'eatedchiIdrenareatincreasedriskfeirbehavioural,physicalandmental

healthproblems.Vi（通過）thebehaviouralandmentalhealthconsequences,

maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancel,,suicideandsexually

transmitted（傳染，傳播）infections.

BeyondthehealthconsequencesofchiIdmaltreatment,thereisaneconomic

impact,includingcostsofhospitaiization,mentalhealthtreatment,chiIdwe1fare,

andlonger-termhealthcosts.

Anumberofriskfactorsforchildmaltreatmenthavebeenidentified.These

riskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocialandcu1tura1contexts,butprovidean

overviewwhenattemptingtounderstandthecausesofchildmaltreatment.

Itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsandarenevertoblame

formaltreatment.AnumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchiIdmayincrease

the1ikelihood（可能性）ofbeingmaltresiled,suchasbeingeitherunderfouryears

oldoranadolescent（青春期之男孩或女孩兒），beingunwanted,orfailingtofulFi11

theexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneed,cryingpersistently（堅(jiān)持地，

持續(xù)1也）orhcivingabnorma1physicalfeatures.

1.ThedifficultsituationintheglobalestimatesofthechiIdmaltreatmentisdue

totheio11owingIactorsEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.

Achildmaltreatmentisaglobalproblem

Bthereisnoexactdataaboutlow-andmid-incomecounlr.ies

Cthereisashortageoftheprofessionaldatacollectors

Ddifferentscientistsusedifferentresearchmethods

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A20%ofwomengotsexuallyabusedintheirchiIdhood.

B25—50%ofal1chiIdrenworereportedtohavebeenphysicallyabused.

C25_50%ofchi1drenwerepsychologicallyjabused.

D60—75%ofchiIdrenwereneglectedbytheirpai'ents.

3.Manyhomicidedeathsinchildrenunder15arewronglycategorizedintothe

followingtypesEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.

AdrowninginswimmingBdiarrheaCburnsDfalls

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychild

maltreatment?

AThechildwillbehavebad!yinhismemoryofhischiIdhoodwhenhegrowsup.

BChildmaltreatmenthurtshisnei'vousandimmunesystems.

CChildmaltreatmentdamageshisearlybraindevelopment.

DThechiIdiseasilyaffectedbymanydiseasesinhisadulthood.

5.Themaltreatedchi1drenoftenbearal1thefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT

accordingtothepassage.

Atheyfrequentlyandeasilycry

Btheyareininfant*sorinadolescentperiod

Ctheyareoftenneglectedbytheirparentsorfriends

Dtheyoftentrytheirbesttomeettherequirementsfromtheirparents

答案與題解：

1.C2.B3.B4.A5.I）

+第三十四篇

BeAlerttoAntimicrobialResistance

Theabi1ityof,micro-organismstofindwaystoevade（逃避，避開）theaction

ofthe?drugsusedtocure?theinfectionstheycauseisincreasinglyrecognizedas

ag1oba1pub1ichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedevelopedmechanismswhichmake

themresistanttomanyoftheantibioticsnorma11yused1'ortheirtreatment

（multidrugresistantbacteria）.sopose（提出）particulardifficulties,asthere

maybefewornoalternative（n/供選擇的）optionsfortherapy.Theyconstitutea

growingandglobalpublichealthproblem.WHOsuggeststhatcountriesshouldbe

preparedtoimplemenl（實(shí)現(xiàn)，實(shí)施）hospitaiinI'ectioncontrolmeasurestolimitthe

spreadofmu11i-drugresistantstrains（種類）andtoreinforce（加強(qiáng)力量）national

policyonprudent（慎重的，譚慎的）useofantibiotics,reducingthegenerationof

antibioticresistantbacteria.

AnarticlepunishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseaseson11August2010

identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighlyresistant

toalmostal]antibiotics.Thearticle“hasdrawnattentiontotheissueof

AMR（antimicrobialresistance）,and,inparticular,hasraisedawarenessof

infectionscausedbymuIti-drugresistantbacteria.

WhilemuIti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinuetoappear,

thisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoring（監(jiān)控）andfurtherstudytounderstandthe

extentandmodesoftransmission,andtodefinethemosteffectivemeasuresfor

control.

Thosecalledupontobealerttothepi'oblemofantimicrobialresistanceand

takeappropriateactionincludeconsumers,nuinagersofhospita,ls,patients,asweII

asnationeilgovernments,thepharmaceuticalindustry,andinternationalagencies.

WHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontrolandpreventionefforts

inthefollowingareeislikesurveiHance監(jiān)管）forantimicrobialresistance;

rational（合理的，有理性的）antibioticuse,includingeducationofhealthcare

workersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics;introducingor

enforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingof<intibioticswithout

prescription：andstrictadherence固守）toinfectionpi-eventionandcontrol

measures,includingtheuseofhand-washingmeasures,particularlyinhealthcare

facilities.

Successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshasbeendocumented

（證明，支持）inmanycountries,andtheexistingandwell-knowninfectionprevention

andcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreducetransmissionofmulti-drugresistcint

organismsiI'systemalica11yimpIemented.

WHOwillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevant（相關(guān)的）policies,

andtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobia]resistance.

Antimicrobialresistancewil1bethethemeofWHO,sWorldHealthDay2011.

練習(xí)：

1.Whyistheuseofantibioticsarousinggloballyincreasinginterest?

AThemisuseoftheantibioticshascausedstrongerbacteriaresistanceandno

newdrugsagainstthebacteriaareavailableatpresent.

BThemicro-organismsdevelopmuchfasterthanthepast,sotheresearchersare

moreintorested.

CTheantibioticsformulti-drugresistantbacteriaarehigh1ypricedcindthere

willbeabigmarketforthedrugindustry.

DTheantibioticshasbeenfoundmorepowerfulforthetreatmentofthemulti-drug

resistantbacteria.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofthearticlepublishedinTheLancetInfectious

Diseases?

ATheissueofAMRledthescientiststobealerttothenewhumangene.

BAnewdrugwillbesoonavailableforanymulti-drugresistantbacteria.

CAnewstrainhasbeenfoundtobehighlyresistanttoalmostal1antibiotics.

DAMRcirousedtheawarenessofthescientiststotheinfectionscausedbythe

antibiotics.

3.VImoofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassagetotakecautiousandproper

actionabouttheAMR?

AThosewhouseantibiotics.

BThosewhosellantibiotics.

CThosewhoproduceantibiotics.

DThosewhostudyinuniversities.

4.Al1thefollowingrecommendationstothegovernmentsfromWHOistrueEXCEPT

Aeducationtotheusersofantibiotics.

Bcontrolonuseofcintibioticsinhealthfacilities.

Cintroductionofnewregulationsonthesaleofantibiotics.

D1iraitonthehospitalstostoremoreantibioticdrugsthantheycanuse.

衛(wèi)生類完形填空新增文章

第二篇

Influenza

Influenza（流行性感冒）hasbeenwithusalongtime.According]someGreek

writersonmedicalhistory,theoutbreakof412B.C.wasofinfluenza.Thesamehas

beensuggestedofthesicknessthatsweptthrough1theGreekarmy2Syracuse

in395B.C.Fluisadiseasethatmovesmostquicklyamongpeople3incrowded

conditions,hence,itis1ikelytoattackarmies.

Duringthenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespread4of

influenza.Thelastofthefive5in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestory

ofinfluenzainourtime.Likethe6startedinAsia.

Formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreak,influenzahadsteadily7and

wasbelievedtobedyingout.2Anewgroupofoutbreakswasintroducedbythegreat

outbreakof1889-1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyflu8aconstant

threat.

InApri11918flubrokeout3amongAmericantroopsstationedinFrance.

Itquicklyspreadthroughallthearmiesbutcausedrelatively9deaths.Four

monthslater,10asecondoutbreakstartedwhichprovedtobeakiller.It

killednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalso11youngadults.Itwent

through4everycountryintheworld,onlyafewdistantislandsintheSouthAtlantic

andthePacificremaining12Itbroughtthelifeofwholecountries13,

foodsuppliesstoppedandworklosswasverygreat.Beforethegreatoutbreakended,

it14atleast15millionpeople.Thereaftertherehavebeenseveralgreat

outbreaksthroughouttheworld.Itisthus15thatinfluenzaisaterrible

infectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.

詞匯:

Influenza流行性感冒

Outbreak爆發(fā)

Syracusen.敘拉古（意大利西西里島東南部一海港）

Widespread普遍的，散布很廣的

steadilyadv.穩(wěn)定地

quartern.四分之一

constant妨經(jīng)常發(fā)生的

troop(常用復(fù)數(shù))軍隊(duì)，部隊(duì)

stationvt.駐扎，

Atlanticadj”.大西洋的；n.(theAtlantic)大西洋

Pacificadj.太平洋的；n.(thePacific)太平洋

Thereafteradv.此后，其后

注釋：

1.sweepthrough：席卷，橫掃

2.dieout：消失，不復(fù)存在

3.breakout：突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)

4.gothrough：走遍

練習(xí):

1.AatBtoCinDfrom

2.AbeingattackedBhavingbeenattackedCattackedDattacking

3.AsittingBstandingClivingDappearing

4.AoutbreaksBincidentsCaccidentsDcases

5.AchangedBhappenedCariseDdescend

6.AitBtheyCwhichDthose

7.A?enlargedBstrengthenedCdecreasedDincreased

8.A'wasnolongerBwentoutofCceasedtobeDreamained

9.AfewBmanyCcountlessDinnumerable

10.AinadditionBhoweverCthereforeDmoreover

11.AweakBdisabledCsickDhealthy

12.AtouchingBtouchedCuntouchedDhavingtouched

13.AstopBstoppingCstoppedDtostop

14.AkilledBhaskilledChadkilledDhasbeenkilling

15.AclearBstrageCuncertainI)questionable

答案與題解：

1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B6.A7.C8.D9.A10.B11.D12.C

13.D14.C15.A

Exercise

onlypleasantbut.beneficial.

Howmuchandwhatkindofexerciseoneshould4meritscareful

consideration.Thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrill（激

動(dòng)）withtheexhilaration（高興；振奮）ofstrenuous（緊張的；費(fèi)力的）sports.They

fatiguetothe5ofexhaustion（筋疲力盡）butrecoverpromptly（迅速地）witha

periodofrest.Butnotsowith6ofmiddleageandbeyond.Forthemmodoration（i￡

度，適中）is7vitalimportance.Justhowmuchexerciseapersonofagivenage

cansafelytakeisaquestion8toanswer.Individualvariability（變異性，可

變性）is9greattopermitofgeneralization（一般化,普遍化）.Agameoftennis

maybeperi'ectIysafeforonepersonoffortybut『olly（愚蠢，蠢事）foranother.The

safe1imitforexercise1（）ontheconditionoftheheart,theconditionofthe

muscles,thetypeofexercise,andtheregularity（規(guī)律性）withwhichitistaken.Two

generalsuggestions,however,will11assoundadviceforanyone.Thefirstis

thcittheconditionoftheheartandgeneralhealthshouldbe12periodically

期地）bycareful,thoroughphysicalexaminations.The13isthatexerciseshould

bekeptbelowthepointofphysicalexhaustion.

Whattypeofexerciseoneshould14_dependsuponone*sphysical

condition.Youngpeoplecansafelyenjoyvigorous（精力充沛的，有力的）

competitive（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的,比賽的）sports?butmostolderpersonsdobettertolimit

themselvestolessstrenuousactivities.Walking,swinuning,skating（滑冰）areamong

thesportsthatonecanenjoyandsafelyparticipate15throughout

lif（?.RegularityisimportantFoneistogetthemostenjoyment（享受，歡樂，愉

快）andbenefitoutofexercis<

1.AforBtoCatDof

2.AheavinessBhighnessCamountDnumber

3.AwhichBwhereCwhenDwhy

4.AcarryBmakeCbringDtake

5.ApointBplaceCleftDreverse

6.AtheseBthisCthoseDthat

7.AagainstBbelowConDof

8.AeasyBhardCimpossibleDunnecessary

9.AveryBtooCconstantlyDconsiderably

10.AdependsBbasesCactsDcarries

11.AreferBregardCserveDtreat

12.AdelayedBdefendedCdesigned1）determined

13.AotherBanotherConeDsame

14.AendureBchooseCrebuildDproduce

15.AwithBfromCinDon

答案與題解：

1.B2.C3.A4.I）5.A6.C7.D8.B9.B10.A11.C12.D

13.A14.B15.C

*笫八篇

FoodSafetyandFoodborneIllness

Foodsafetyisanincreasinglyimportantpublichealthissue.Governmentsall

overtheworldareintensifyingtheireffortstoimprovefoodsafety.Theseefforts

areinresponseIanincreasingnumberoffoodsafetyproblemsand2

consumerconcerns.

Foodborneillnessesare3asdiseases,usuallyeitherinfectiousor

toxic（有毒的：因中毒引起的）innature,causedbyagentsthatenterthebodythrough

theingestion（攝?。﹐ffood.Everypersonis4riskoffoodborneillness.

Eoodbornediseasesareawidespreadandgrowingpublichealthproblem,bothin

developed5developingcountries.TheglobciI6offoodbornediseaseis

difficultloestiniaie,butithasbeenreportedthatin200578millionpeople

diedfromdiarrhoealdiseases.Agreat8ofthesecasescanbeattributed（!t|

因于）tocontaminationoffoodanddrinkingwater.9,diarrhoeaisamajor

causeofmalnutritionininfantsandyoungchildren.

Inindustrializedcountries,thepercentageofIhepopulationsufferingfrom

foodbornediseaseseachyearhasbeenreportedtobe101（）30%.IntheUnited

StatesofAmerica（USA）,forexample,around76mi1Iioncasesoffoodbornediseases,

11325,000hospitalizationsand5,000deaths,areestimatedtooccureach

year.

Whilelesswelldocumented,developingcountriesbearthebrunt（首節(jié)其沖）of

theproblemduetothepresenceofawid。12offoodbornediseases,including

thosecausedbyparasiles.Thehigh13ofdiarrhoealdiseasesinmanydeveloping

countriessuggestsmajorunderlyingfoodsafetyproblems.

Inpartnership1-1otherstakeholders（參與人，參與方），WHOisdeveloping

policiesthatwillfurtherpromotethesafetyoffood.Thesepoliciescoverthe

entirefoodchainfromproductiontoconsumption（消費(fèi)，消耗）andwill15

differenttypesofexpertise（專門知識(shí)或技能）.

1.AtoBagainstCwithI）towards

2.AraisingBarisingCrisingDrosen

3.AdeclaredBdefinedCderivedDdemanded

4.AwithBwithinCatDin

5.AorBwithCofDand

6.AincidentBincidenceCaccidentDinstance

7.AlonelyBaloneCalonelyDlone

8.AsizeBpositionCproportionDamounI

9.ANevertheless13HoweverCWhateverDAdditioncilly

10.AuptoBdowntoCuptowardsDdowntowards

11.AresultingfromBresultinginCresultedfromDresultedin

12.ArangeBdistanceCorderDarrangement

13.Aprevai1ingBspreadingCprevalentDprevalence

14.AofBforCfromDwit.h

15.AmakeuseofBtakeuseofCmakeuseDtakeuse

答案IJ題解：

1.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.B7.B8.C9.D10.A11.B12.A

13.D14.D15.A

+第十二篇

PandemicH1N12009

Themostactiveareasofpandemic（在廣大地區(qū)流行的（疾?。﹊nfluenza

transmission（傳播）currently（時(shí)下地，當(dāng)今地）areincentralandeastern

Europe.Eocalincreasesinratsduringrecentweekswerereportedinatleasttwo

easternEuropeancountries.Ahighintensity（強(qiáng)度）ofrespiralorydiseasesactivity

Ic