2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-南京藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-南京藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Theproducersofinstantcoffeefoundtheirproductstronglyresistedinthemarketplacesdespitetheirmanifestadvantages.Furthermore,theadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasfargreaterthanthatforregularcoffee.Effortsweremadetofindthecauseoftheconsumers’seeminglyunreasonableresistancetotheproduct.Thereasongivenbymostpeoplewasdislikeforthetaste.Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbedeeperreasons,however.Thiswasconfirmedbyoneofmotivationresearch’sclassicstudies,oneoftencitedinthetrade.MasonHaire,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,constructedtwoshoppingliststhatwereidenticalexceptforoneitem.Thereweresixitemscommontobothlists:hamburger,carrots,bakingpowder,bread,cannedpeachesandpotatoes,withthebrandsofamountsspecified.Theseventhitem,inthefifthplaceonbothlists,read“1lb.MaxwellHousecoffee”ononelistand“Nescafeinstantcoffee”ontheother.Onelistwasgiventoeachpersoninagroupoffiftywomen,andtheotherlisttothoseinanothergroupofthesamesize.Thewomenwereaskedtostudytheirlistsandthentodescribe,asfarastheycould,thekindofwoman(“personalityandcharacter”)whowoulddrawupthatshoppinglist.Nearlyhalfofthosewhohadreceivedthelistincludinginstantcoffeedescribedahousewifewhowaslazyandapoorplanner.Ontheotherhand,onlyonewomanintheothergroupdescribedthehousewife,whohadincludedregularcoffeeonherlist,aslazy;onlysixofthatgroupsuggestedthatshewasapoorplanner.Eightwomenfeltthattheinstantcoffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife!Nooneintheothergroupdrewsuchaconclusionaboutthehousewifewhointendedtobuyregularcoffee.1.Thefactthatproducersfoundresistancetotheirproductdespitethefactthattheyspentmoreadvertisingmoneyoninstantthanregularcoffeeshowsthat（

）.2.Inthisinstance,thepurposeofmotivationresearchwastodiscover（

）.

3.Thisinvestigationindicatedthat（

）.

4.Ontheresultsofthistest,theproducersprobablyrevisedtheiradvertisingtoshowa（

）.

5.Impliedbutnotstated:（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.advertisingdoesnotassurefavorablesalesresultB.companiesspentmoremoneyonadvertisingthantheyshouldC.peoplepaylittleattentiontoadvertisingD.themoreoneadvertisesthebetterthesalespicture問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.whypeopledrinkcoffeeB.whyinstantcoffeedidnottastegoodC.whyregularcoffeewassuccessfulD.therealreasonwhypeoplewouldnotbuyinstantcoffee問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.50percentofhousewivesarelazyB.housewiveswhouseinstantcoffeearelazyC.manywomenbelievethatwiveswhouseinstantcoffeearelazyD.wiveswhouseregularcoffeearegoodplanners問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.lazyhousewifeusingregularcoffeeB.hardworkinghousewifeusinginstantcoffeeC.lazyhousewifeusinginstantcoffeeD.manobviouslyenjoyingthetasteofinstantcoffee問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Despiteitsadvantages,mostpeopledislikedinstantcoffeebecauseofitstasteB.TheadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasgreaterthanthatforregularcoffeeC.VeryoftenwedonotknowtherealreasonsfordoingthingsD.Tasteistheprincipalfactorindeterminingwhatwebuy2.單選題ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.SmallwonderAmericans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadulytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthoughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSummerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsallInternetstart-lipinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeover-fundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunder-fundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（

）.3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof

（

）.

4.IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare

（

）.

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.medicalresourcesareoftenwastedB.doctorsarchelplessagainstfataldiseasesC.sometreatmentsaretooaggressiveD.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.strongdisapprovalB.reservedconsentC.slightcontemptD.enthusiasticsupport問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.moreflexiblyB.moreextravagantlyC.morecautiouslyD.morereasonably問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slivesB.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthlivingC.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflifeD.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare3.翻譯題PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.南京擁有兩千四百多年建城史，是全國(guó)首批公布的歷史文化名城之一。全市有國(guó)家級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位27處，其中，明孝陵己被列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。600多年前建成的明城墻，現(xiàn)存25.091公里，是目前世界上保存最長(zhǎng)的古城墻。南京現(xiàn)有12個(gè)項(xiàng)目被列入國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)名錄，南京云錦、金陵刻經(jīng)被列入世界非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。農(nóng)歷八月十五是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的中秋節(jié)。八月十五恰在秋季的中間，故謂之中秋節(jié)。中秋之夜，月色皎潔，古人把圓月視為團(tuán)圓的象征。相傳我國(guó)古代帝王就有春天祭日、秋天祭月的禮制，在民間，每逢八月中秋，也有拜月或祭月的風(fēng)俗。月餅最初是用來(lái)祭奉月祌的祭品，后來(lái)人們逐漸把中秋賞月與品嘗月餅，作為家人團(tuán)圓的象征。月餅的制作從唐代以后越來(lái)越考究，精美的餅面圖案不但烘托了中秋佳節(jié)的祥和氣氛，而且也增加了節(jié)日的詩(shī)情畫(huà)意。4.翻譯題PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

自新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)，南京發(fā)生的巨大而深刻的變化令人歡欣鼓舞。從1949年4月23日開(kāi)始，人民真正成為這座古老城市的主人。人民在自己的土地上辛勤勞作，把古城南京裝扮得面貌一新，特別是近十幾年，改革開(kāi)放又給這座美麗的名城注入了新的活力，嶄新的工作、通達(dá)的運(yùn)輸、如畫(huà)的城市建設(shè)、興盛的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)、多彩的文化生活，都使這個(gè)具有古都特色的現(xiàn)代化城市煥發(fā)出勃勃英姿。南京，這座古老而又年輕的歷史文化名城，是多么可愛(ài)！“兒時(shí)”的可愛(ài)是“無(wú)知”。那時(shí)侯，件件都是“知”，你每天可以做大科學(xué)家和大哲學(xué)家，每天在發(fā)現(xiàn)什么新的現(xiàn)象，新的真理?，F(xiàn)在呢？什么都已經(jīng)知道了，熟悉了，每個(gè)人的臉都已經(jīng)看厭了。宇宙和社會(huì)是那么陳舊，無(wú)味，雖然它們其實(shí)比“兒時(shí)”新鮮得多了。我于是想念“兒時(shí)”，禱告“兒時(shí)'不能夠前進(jìn)的吋候，就愿意退后幾步,替自己恢復(fù)己經(jīng)走過(guò)的前途。請(qǐng)求“無(wú)知”回來(lái)，給我求知的快樂(lè)。5.單選題Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling.Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.1.Inthe2ndparagraph,thestatement“Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”suggestthat（

）.2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthelastparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfiftiesB.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties.C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s.D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimesaweek.C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily.D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.D.Travelingsalesmen.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.HumawaycontinuouslyB.Climaticallyalmostunnecessary.C.Artificially-cooledspace.D.Withmildtemperatures.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.NeutralB.CriticalC.ObjectiveD.Compromising6.單選題Massivechangesinalloftheworld'sdeeplycherishedspoilinghabitsareunderway.Whetherit'soneofLondon'sparksfullofpeopleplayingsoftball,andRussianstakinguprugby,ortheSuperbowlrivalingtheBritishFootballCupFinalasatelevisedspectatoreventinBritain,thepatternsofplayersandspectatorsarechangingbeyondrecognition.Wearewitnessingaglobalizationofourspoilingculture.Thatannualbicyclerace,theTourdeFrance,muchlovedbytheFrenchisagoodcaseinpoint.JustafewyearsbackitwasastrictlycontinentalaffairwithFrance,BelgiumandHolland,SpainandItalytakingpart.ButinrecentyearsithasbeendominatedbyColombianmountainclimbers,andAmericanandIrishriders.Thepeoplewhoreallymatterwelcometheshifttowardglobalization.Peugeot,MichelinandPanasonicaremulti-nationalcorporationsthatwantworldwidereturnsforthemillionstheyinvestinteams.Soitdoesthemliterallyaworldofgoodtoseethisunofficialworldchampionshipbecomejustthat.Thisisundoubtedlyaneconomic-basedrevolutionwearewitnessinghere,onemadepossiblebycommunicationstechnology,blitmadetohappenbecauseofmarketingconsiderations.SellthegameandyoucansellCocaColaorBudweiseraswell.TheskillfulwayinwhichAmericanfootballhasbeensoldtoEuropeisagoodexampleofhowallsportswilldevelop.Theaimofcourseisnotreallytospreadthesportforitsownsake,buttoincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthemajormoneymakingevents.TheeconomicsoftheSuperbowlarealreadyastronomical.WilliscatsatUS$125,gatereceiptsalongwereastaggering$10,000,000.Themostimportantstatisticoftheday,however,wasthe$100,000,000inTVadvertisingfees.Imaginehowmuchthatbecomeswhentheeyesoftheworldarewatching.Soitcameasaterribleshock,butnotreallyasasurprise,tolearnthatsomepeoplearenowsuggestingthatsoccerchangefrombeingagameoftwo45-minutchalves,tooneoffour25-minutequarters.Theideaisunashamedlytocapturemoreadvertisingrevenue,withoutgivinganythoughtfortheintegrityofasportwhichrelicsforitsessenceontheflowingnatureoftheaction.Moreover,assportsexpandintoworldmarkets,andasourchoiceofsportsasconsumersalsogrows,sowewilldemandtoseethattheyplayatahigherandhigherlevel.Inboxingwehavealreadyseennumerous,dubiousworldtitlecategoriesbecausepeoplewillnotpaytoseeanythinglessthana“WorldTitle”fight,andthismeansthatthetitlefightshavetobeheldindifferentcountriesaroundtheworld!1.Globalizationofsportingculturemeansthat（

）.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedtothemassivechanges?3.Asisusedinthepassage,"globalization"comesclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthesuggestiontochangesoccerintooneoffour25-minutequarters?5.Whyshouldthetitlefightsinboxingbeheldindifferentcountriesoftheworld?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.morepeoplearetakingupsports.B.traditionalspoilsaregettingpopular.C.manylocalsportsarebecominginternational.D.foreignersaremoreinterestedinlocalsports.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Goodeconomicreturns.B.Revivaloftraditionalgames.C.CommunicationstechnologyD.Marketingstrategies.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.‘‘commercialization’’B.“westernization”C.“speculation”D.“standardization”問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Favorable.B.Unclear.C.Reserved.D.Critical.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Becausetheyareveryexciting.B.Becausepeopledonotwanttopaytoseethem.C.Becausepeoplewanttoseethemostexcitinggames.D.Becausetheyarelessexciting7.單選題Cancerresearchersarelearningtoreadgeneslikeacrystalballtopredicthowpatientswillrespondtocancertherapy,whowillsuffertheworstsideeffectsandwhattreatmentsmaybebestforaparticularpatient.Foreseeingtheoutcomeoftreatment,andknowingwithcertaintywhichdrugsarebestforindividualpatients,havelongbeenthegoalsofcancerresearchers.Foratleast40years,oncologistshavepuzzledoverwhysomepatientsrespondsowelltochemotherapywhileothersobtainmodestbenefitsornoneatall.ThediscoverydecadesagothatlinkedachromosomeabnormalitytooneformofleukemiapavedthewayforthedevelopmentofthedrugGleevecbyDrukerandtheabilitytoidentifythepatientsmostlikelytobenefit.Morerecently,withthewealthofknowledgefromthehumanGenomeProject,researchershavebeenabletodevelopevenmorespecifictoolstocreategeneticprofilesoftumorsandmatchthoseprofileswiththerightdrugs.Thetoolsalsohelpdeterminewhichpatientsaremostlikelytoexperiencetheworstsideeffectsofspecifictypesofchemotherapyandguidethemtoothertreatments.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofChicagostudiedalterationsoftheUGT1A1gene,associatedwithanincreasedchanceofchemotherapysideeffects.MarkRatainandhisteamstudied61coloncancerpatientsreceivingirinotecanandlearnedthatpatientswithalterationsofthegenelabeledas7/7weremostlikelytosufferseverelossesofwhitebloodcells.Patientswiththe6/7alterationtypehadintermediatesideeffects,andpatientswiththe6/6typehadnone.ScientistsattheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalexaminedgenesthatnormallyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagetoDNAincellscalledXPDandXRCC1.Thenumberofvariationsinthesegenesindicateshowlongapatientislikelytosurvive.SaradaGurubhagavatulaandherteamstudiedvariationsofthesegenesin103patientsdiagnosedwithadvancednon-small-celllungcancer.Patientswithatotalofthreevariationsinthegenessurvivedamedianof6.8months;thosewithtwovariationssurvived11months;patientswithonevariationsurvived16.6months;andthosewithnovariationssurvived20.4months.Gurubhagavatulasaysthevariationscouldbeidentifiedandthosewiththeworstpredictedoutcomesputonchemotherapyregimensthatofferbetteroddsofsurvival.ScientistsatCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterandGenomicHealthInc.havedevelopedawaytotestlungtumorforgeneticprofilesassociatedwithresponsestothenewlungcancerdrugIressa.Thedrughasbeenshowntoshrinktumorsin10%to12%ofpatientswithadvancedlungcancer.DavidAgusatCedar-Sinaifoundapatternof185genesthatareturnedoffandoninamannerthatcorrelateswithresponsetoIressaortoalackofresponse.Whenusedcommercially,thetestwilltargetpatientsmostlikelytobenefitandwillallowpatientstomakeotherchoicesifthenegativeprofileisfound.1.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.2.TheachievementsfromHumanGenomeProjectenableresearchersto（

）.

3.Thepurposeoftheauthorinmentioningthethreeresearchesisto（

）.

4.Saradaandherteamareconvincedthat（

）.

5.Inthe3rdparagraph,theword"alteration"means（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.thesearchforeffectivecancertreatmentdrugsB.thegoalsofcancertreatmentC.thesuccessinreadinggenesD.thecancertreatmentbyexamination問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.diagnoseachromosomeabnormalitymoreaccurately.B.developcancertreatmentdrugslikeGleevec.C.administercancertreatmentwithlesssideeffect.D.comeupwithchemotherapyasaneffectivetoolforcancertreatment.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.makeacontrastiveanalysisofthem.B.illustratetheachievementsincancertherapy.C.presentthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.D.showhowalteredgenescancausecancer.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.researchongenesoffersthemgreaterpredictivepower.B.lungcanceriscausedbyvariationofgenes.C.patientscansurvivelungcancerbyalteringtheirgenes.D.chemotherapycansaveeventheworstlungcancerpatients.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.investigationsB.activitiesC.predictionsD.changes8.翻譯題PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

TheOlympicGamescanbetracedbacktotheancienttimes.TheGreekslikedallkindsofsports,becausesportsmadethebodystrong.ThegameswereheldeveryfouryearsandhundredsofthousandsofpeoplegatheredonvastflatlandstoappreciatethecompetitionbetweenathletesfromallpartsofGreece.Theeventsincludedrunning,wrestling,andhorseraces.Therewereeventsforbothadultsandchildren.Inmostofthegames,adultsandchildrenworelittleornoclothing.Instead,oilwasspreadoverthebody.Thetrophywasalaurelmadeofoliveleaves.Itwasthegreatesthonortobecrownedwithalaurel.Hardworkenablesmetosurvivethemostdifficulttimeinmylifeabroad,duringmyfirstfewemployments.However,afterIjoinedmycurrentcompany,myworkaholicwassoonchallengedbymyboss.WhenIcalledhimathomeafterofficehoursforbusinesspurpose,hepolitelyremindedmethathepreferredtalkingaboutworkwithmelaterintheoffice.Whentheholidayseasonapproached,healwaysaskedmetoschedulemyleavebeforehand.Hetalkedwithmeabouthisholidayandalsoenquiredaboutmine.Forhimleaveistheright,butalsoaneed.9.單選題Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker,Frito-Lay,thinksotherwise.“Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmericaownedbyPepsiCo,andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas.Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:first,aglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete,andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthatconsumers-especiallyyoungpeopleseeaspartofamodem,innovative（創(chuàng)新的）worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthatFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo（標(biāo)識(shí)）.Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschipswouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Later,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives.”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.1.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarketingthat（

）.2.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?3.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichLaybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat（

）.

4.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?5.Frito-Lay'sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.PotatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarketB.TheircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsalesC.Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany'spotatochipsD.Peopleallovertheworldenjoyeatingtheircompany'spotatochips問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Itsproductsusedtobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.B.Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.C.Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.D.Itneedstoturntotheworldmarketfordevelopment.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrandsB.localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrandsC.productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofitsD.productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.B.Topromotethecompany'sstrategyofglobalization.C.Tochangethecompany'slongheldmarketingimage.D.TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeopleB.willleadtoeconomicimperialismC.willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeopleD.won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips10.單選題Thefirstthingpeoplerememberaboutfailingatmathisthatitfeltlikesuddendeath.Whethertheincidentoccurredwhilelearning“wordproblems”insixgrade,orcopingwithequationsinhighschool,orfirstconfrontingcalculusandstatisticsincollege,failurecamesuddenlyandinaveryfrighteningway!Ifassumethatthecurriculumwasreasonable,andthatthenewideawasbutnextinaseriesoflearnableconcepts,thefeelingofutterdefeatwassimplynotrational;yet“mathanxious”collegestudentsandadultshaverevealedthatnomatterhowmuchtheteacherreassuredthem,theycouldnotovercomethatfeeling.Acommonmythaboutthenatureofmathematicalabilityholdsthatoneeitherhasordoesnothaveamathematicalmind.Mathematicalimaginationandanintuitivegraspofmathematicalprinciplesmaywellbeneededtodoadvancedresearch,butwhyshouldpeoplewhocandocollege-levelworkinothersubjectsnotbeabletodocollege-levelmathaswell?Ratesoflearningmayvary.Competencyundertimepressuremaydiffer.Certainlylowself-esteemwillgetintheway.Butwhereistheevidencethatastudentneedsa“mathematicalmind”inordertosucceedatlearningmath?Considertheeffectsofthismythology.Sinceonlyafewpeoplearesupposedtohavethismathematicalmind,partofwhatmakesussopassiveinthefaceofourdifficultiesinlearningmathematicsisthatwesuspectallthewhilewemaynotbeoneof“them”,andwespendourtimewaitingtofindoutwhenournon-mathematicalmindswillbeexposed.Sinceourlimitwilleventuallybereached,weseenopointinbeingmethodicalofinattendingtodetail.Wearegratefulwhenwesurvivefractions-wordproblemsorgeometry.Ifthatcertainmomentoffailurehasn’tstruckyet,itisonlytemporarilypostponed.Parents,especiallyparentsofgirls,oftenexpecttheirchildrentobenon-mathematical.Parentsareeitherpooratmathortheyfailedthemselves.Ineithercase,theyunwillinglyfostertheideathatamathematicalmindissomethingoneeitherhasordoesnothave.1.Accordingtothepassage,whoarelikelytoexperiencemathanxiety?2.Howwould“mathanxious”studentsprobablyreacttotheirfailureatmath?3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout“mathanxious”students?4.Theauthorbelievesthat（

）.5.Thepassagecouldbestbeentitledby（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Primaryschoolstudents.B.Highschoolstudents.C.Collegestudents.D.Alloftheabove.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Slowdowntheirlessons.B.Askmorequestionsthannecessary.C.GototheteacherforreassuranceD.Panicandacceptthedefeat.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.Theyrealizethatthefeelingofutterdefeatisirrational.B.Theyassumethatthecurriculumisnotreasonable.C.Theyfeelthenewideasaretoodifficultforthemtolearn.D.Theyregardthenewideasasonlysomethingtobeencounterednextinaseriesoflearnableconcepts.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.apersoneitherhasordoesnothaveamathematicalmindB.astudentneedsamathematicalmindtosucceedatlearningcollegelevelmathC.peopledoingadvancedresearchinmathusuallyhavewhatiscalleda“mathematicalmind”D.parentswhoarepooratmaththemselvesaremorelikelytoexpecttheirchildrentobenon-mathematical問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.MathAnxietyB.OvercomingMathAnxietyC.FailingtheMathExamD.MathAnxiousStudents11.翻譯題PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshavefiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiograph