熱點(diǎn)03長(zhǎng)江流域酷熱天氣與抗旱-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)話題解讀關(guān)鍵能力強(qiáng)化專(zhuān)練

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)話題解讀+關(guān)鍵能力(題型)強(qiáng)化專(zhuān)練熱點(diǎn)03長(zhǎng)江流域酷熱天氣與抗旱今年7月以來(lái)，受持續(xù)高溫天氣影響，四川、重慶、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽六省市先后出現(xiàn)不同程度旱情，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和飲水安全造成一定影響。目前，長(zhǎng)江流域多省市都陸續(xù)啟動(dòng)相應(yīng)級(jí)別的抗旱應(yīng)急響應(yīng)。根據(jù)氣象水文預(yù)測(cè)，長(zhǎng)江流域大部分地區(qū)將持續(xù)高溫少雨天氣。6月中旬以來(lái)，長(zhǎng)江流域降水由偏多轉(zhuǎn)為偏少，其中，6月下旬偏少2成，7月偏少3成多，尤其是長(zhǎng)江下游干流及鄱陽(yáng)湖水系偏少5成左右，為近10年同期最少。長(zhǎng)江委水文局長(zhǎng)江水文情報(bào)預(yù)報(bào)中心水情室主任張?。寒?dāng)前，由于來(lái)水偏少，長(zhǎng)江上游大部分控制性水庫(kù)蓄水量偏少，長(zhǎng)江中下游干流水位也呈持續(xù)消退態(tài)勢(shì)，較歷史同期大幅偏低，如漢口、大通等主要站水位當(dāng)前偏低5—6米。據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，8月中下旬長(zhǎng)江流域降水仍將偏少，其中長(zhǎng)江中下游干流南部將明顯偏少。鑒于當(dāng)前旱情，水利部長(zhǎng)江委要求流域相關(guān)省市做好旱情監(jiān)測(cè)，及時(shí)發(fā)布預(yù)警，抓緊修訂完善應(yīng)急水量調(diào)度方案，有序做好抗旱水源儲(chǔ)備，同時(shí)強(qiáng)化水資源統(tǒng)一調(diào)度，加強(qiáng)水利工程和供水設(shè)施運(yùn)行管護(hù)和排查，做好抗旱應(yīng)急物資和隊(duì)伍準(zhǔn)備。據(jù)氣象水文預(yù)測(cè)，未來(lái)一周，包括湖北在內(nèi)的長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)可能出現(xiàn)夏伏旱。眼下，湖北全省的引調(diào)水工程正全線發(fā)力、抗擊旱情。目前，湖北全省約20%的地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了氣象干旱，湖北省水利部門(mén)除了調(diào)度水庫(kù)、泵站放水，還充分運(yùn)用鄂北水資源配置工程抗旱。湖北省水利廳鄂北局調(diào)度運(yùn)行部主任何永煜：目前整個(gè)調(diào)水量已經(jīng)達(dá)到了1.26億立方米，主要是向襄州、棗陽(yáng)、廣水這些縣市進(jìn)行供水。鄂北水資源配置工程是國(guó)家172項(xiàng)節(jié)水供水重大水利工程之一，今年正式全線試運(yùn)行。截至目前，已保障了從十堰丹江口到孝感大悟56萬(wàn)多人的飲用水以及沿線52.5萬(wàn)畝農(nóng)田灌溉用水。位于荊州市的引江濟(jì)漢工程也正加大調(diào)水力度，守護(hù)“湖北糧倉(cāng)”。目前，湖北全省水利工程每天引調(diào)水近2億立方米，其中沿長(zhǎng)江、漢江泵站日均引水5700萬(wàn)立方米。按照先生活、后生產(chǎn)、再生態(tài)的原則，千方百計(jì)滿足群眾生活飲水和農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水需求。自7月4日以來(lái)，重慶持續(xù)高溫，多地氣溫達(dá)40攝氏度以上，導(dǎo)致重慶33個(gè)區(qū)縣土壤干旱，當(dāng)?shù)囟啻氩⑴e抗旱保供水。在重慶永川區(qū)五間鎮(zhèn)，持續(xù)的高溫給當(dāng)?shù)?000多畝蔬菜帶來(lái)了不利影響。當(dāng)?shù)赝ㄟ^(guò)微灌、微噴、遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)等設(shè)備，對(duì)蔬菜增濕、降溫，改善田間小氣候。在秀山縣龍鳳壩鎮(zhèn)小蘭村，多個(gè)飲用水源點(diǎn)斷流，當(dāng)?shù)夭扇∩嫌嗡畮?kù)放水、組織群眾尋找新水源點(diǎn)和組織義務(wù)送水隊(duì)送水等方式，多措并舉解決人畜飲水需求。連日來(lái)，受持續(xù)晴熱少雨等天氣因素影響，江西鄱陽(yáng)湖水位繼續(xù)下降。截至昨天(8月12日)17時(shí)，鄱陽(yáng)湖標(biāo)志性水文站星子站水位降至10.67米，比去年同期低4.31米，湖區(qū)水體面積縮水至978平方公里。此外，撫州、吉安等29個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))出現(xiàn)重度及以上氣象干旱，預(yù)計(jì)今天，江西省中度及以上氣象干旱范圍將擴(kuò)大至68個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))，國(guó)家防總針對(duì)江西已啟動(dòng)抗旱應(yīng)急響應(yīng)，確保人飲安全，努力保障工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)用水需求。今年7月以來(lái)，受長(zhǎng)江上游來(lái)水減少和持續(xù)高溫少雨天氣影響，洞庭湖水位連續(xù)回落40余天，跌破24.50米的枯水水位。8月11日，在位于湖南岳陽(yáng)的洞庭湖城陵磯水文站，15根記錄水位的標(biāo)尺已有13根裸露在外，水文部門(mén)監(jiān)測(cè)到的數(shù)據(jù)顯示：當(dāng)日上午8時(shí)，洞庭湖城陵磯站水位為24.12米，較歷年同期偏低4.28米，預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)一周，在無(wú)有效降雨影響下，洞庭湖城陵磯站水位將繼續(xù)保持下降趨勢(shì)，并造成洞庭湖北部部分支流和干渠出現(xiàn)斷流現(xiàn)象。為應(yīng)對(duì)旱情，岳陽(yáng)市派出400名水利干部下到抗旱一線，指導(dǎo)群眾抗旱自救。為保障洞庭湖區(qū)居民正常生產(chǎn)生活，岳陽(yáng)市相關(guān)部門(mén)采取開(kāi)閘放水、取水補(bǔ)水等措施緩解旱情。(央視網(wǎng)|2022年08月13日)I.相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1.伏旱summerdrought【背景：SoaringtemperaturesandlittlerainfallhaveworsenedthedroughtintheNingxiaHuiandInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegions,aswellastheprovincesofGansu,GuizhouandHunan。(高溫和少雨天氣使寧夏回族自治區(qū)、內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)，以及甘肅、貴州和湖南等省的旱情進(jìn)一步加劇。)】2.酷熱sizzling/severeheat3.烈日/驕陽(yáng)scorchingsun4.炎炎夏日blisteringsummerday5.灼熱的太陽(yáng)torridsun6.濕熱難耐的天氣sultryweather7.升溫heatup8.悶熱stiflinglyhot9.濕熱hotandhumid10.干熱hotanddry11.連續(xù)高溫天氣hotspell12.高溫病heat-relatedillnesses13.抗熱的/耐熱的heat-resistant14.桑拿天saunadays15.汗流浹背bebathed/soakedwithsweat16.高溫預(yù)警heatalert17.消暑beattheheat18.避暑escapetheheat19.中暑getheat-stroke/sunstroke20.曬傷/曬黑sunburn/gottan21.水資源短缺watershortage22.抗旱droughtrelief23.人工降雨artificialprecipitationoperations24.氣象部門(mén)meteorologicaldepartments25.熱浪heatwave26.避暑勝地summerresort27.避暑藥apreventiveagainstsunstroke28.最高溫度maximumtemperatures29.絕對(duì)溫度absolutetemperature30.室溫/常溫roomtemperature31.抗熱的/耐熱的heat-resistant32.乘涼enjoythecoolair33.空調(diào)airconditioning34.汗流浹背bebathed/soakedwithsweat35.急救emergencytreatments36.用電需求powerdemands37.應(yīng)急供電計(jì)劃emergencypower-supplyplan38.高溫黃色預(yù)警yellowalertforhightemperatures/yellow-codedheatalert39.冰塊icecubes40.攝氏度degreeCelsius41.華氏度degreeFahrenheit42.室外活動(dòng)outdooractivities43.在陰涼處intheshade44.臨時(shí)避暑站temporarysheltersforpeopletoescapetheheat45.國(guó)家氣象中心NationalMeteorologicalCenterII.關(guān)于“天熱”的各種表達(dá)1.dogdays.三伏天。它是指夏天最熱的那些天。Ican'tstandthedogdaysofsummerwhicharereallyunbearable.我受不了三伏天了，實(shí)在太難受了。2.Thesunwasblazing.太陽(yáng)正猛烈燃燒。BearGrylls,hewaslike“thesunisblazing,ihavegottofindsomewater”.貝爺當(dāng)時(shí)說(shuō)，太陽(yáng)正熊熊燃燒，我必須找到水喝。3.fryeggsonthesidewalk.打個(gè)雞蛋在路面上都熟了。Anna：Andy,youcouldfryeggsonthesidewalktoday.安迪，天氣太熱了。Andy：Yeah,whatahotday.Ican'tgoadaywithoutanAC.是啊，熱的受不了，我沒(méi)有空調(diào)都沒(méi)法活。4.Iamleaking.熱得我都在滴水了。Iamleakingandicoulddowithacoldcoke.熱得我大汗淋漓，真想馬上要一杯凍可樂(lè)。5.Itisashotasinasauna.熱得像在蒸桑拿！一、閱讀理解1Terribleweathereventsareharmingtheplanet,andexpertswarnofevengreaterresultstocome.TheseaicelossandtheArcticicemelting(融化)causedbyclimatechangehaveincreasedmuchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavepusheddownthenumberofpolarbearsandsealswhilepolarbearsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals.AccordingtothedatafromtheWMO,temperaturesontheAntarctica(南極洲)justhit18.3℃,whichishigherthantherecordof17.59℃inMarch,2015.Moreover,temperaturesinthisareahavewarmedabout3℃overthelast50years.Althoughsuchtemperaturesmightbeconsideredpleasantforapicnicorahikingtrip,thisistheAntarcticawearetalkingabout.Itishometothemostinhospitableenvironmentontheplanetbecauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace.Infact,theaveragetemperatureofthecontinent’scentralareais-57℃.Besides,manyplacesareexperiencingtheextremeweatherthissummer.Australiaisundergoingitsworstdrought(干旱)sincethe1930s,leavingbushfiresburningsolongandcausingmanydeaths.MeanwhileinEurope,cropsinthenorthwestaresufferingthedriestweatherinthepast80years.RecentlyWestTexasinAmericahasalsogonethroughitsworstdroughtinmorethan70years,whilefloodshavehitEasternandSouthernChina.“Climatechangeisbadforushumanbeings,whichcausesdirecthealthproblems.I’mafraidtherewillbemorecommoneventsliketheonethat30,000to50,000personsdiedinEuropein2003duetotheheatwavethere,”P(pán)rofessorSchwartzsaid.“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesandlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”1.Whatdoesn’tbringdownthenumberofpolarbearsaccordingtothispassage?A.Hunting. B.Climatechange. C.Theseaiceloss. D.TheArcticicemelting.2.Whatcanwegetfromthispassage?A.TheAntarcticaispleasantforahikingtrip.B.ExtremeweatherledtowildfiresburninginEurope.C.Climatechangewillcauseairpollutionanddiseases.D.ThetemperaturesontheAntarcticahitthehighestinMarch,2015.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inhospitable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Friendlytolive. B.Unfittolive. C.Comfortabletolive. D.Unhealthytolive.4.Whichplacedidn’texperiencedroughtthissummer?A.America. B.China. C.Australia. D.Europe.5.Whatisthemainideaforthispassage?A.Thewholeplanetisdrieranddrier.B.TheAntarcticaiswarmerandwarmer.C.Climatechangeisgettingworseandworse.D.Thenumberofpolarbearsissmallerandsmaller.2EveryyearonMarch22,WorldWaterDayfocusespeople’sattentionontheimportanceofwateracrosstheworld.In2018,thethemeis“NatureforWater”.Thisyear’stheme,“NatureforWater”,focusesonhownature-basedsolutions(NBS)canbeusedtohelpfixthewaterproblemsfacingmanypeopleandecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))atthepresenttime.Nature-basedsolutionsarewaysofmanagingplants,soilsandwetlands,includingriversandlakes,tohelpwiththemanagementofwateravailabilityandquality.Theywillnotsolvetheproblemofdrought(干旱)butshouldprovideeffectivewaysforimprovingwaterqualityandincreasingwatersupplies.AnythingthatincludespositivelyalteringnatureisanNBS.●Bringingbackforests,grasslandsandnaturalwetlandsBybringingbacknaturalecosystems,wecanhelptorebalancewaterlevelsaroundtheworld,benefittingbothhumansandecosystems;●ConnectingriverstofloodplainsagainIfproperlymanaged,naturalfloodplainscanprovidehelptowildlife,fishandpeoplebygivingthembothspaceandcleanwater;●BuildingsanddamsInverydryareas,suchasZimbabwe,sanddamsareusedtoincreasetheamountofwaterthatcanbestored,meaningthatfarmerscangrowmorecropsandpeoplecanhaveenoughdrinkingwater;●LandscaperestorationExcessivelogging(過(guò)度砍伐)inAlwar,India,hascausedextremelyseriousdroughts.Thegovernmenthasfocusedontheregenerationofforestsandsoils,whichhasnotonlyhelpedtheriverstorefillbutalsowildlife,suchasantelopesandleopards,toreturntothearea.6.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenature-basedsolutions?A.Theywillsuccessfullysolvetheproblemofdrought.B.Theymakeplants,soilsandwetlandstotallydifferent.C.Theycanimprovewaterqualityandincreasewatersupplies.D.Theycanhelpuslearnwhypeopleinhistoryfacedwaterproblems.7.Theunderlinedword“altering”isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.changing B.creating C.increasing D.breaking8.Whyisitimportanttobringbacknaturalecosystems?A.Becausetheygivespacetobothwildlifeandfish.B.Becausetheyhelpincreasewaterlevelsaroundtheworld.C.Becausetheycansupplycleanwatertobothanimalsandhumans.D.BecausetheyhelpbringwaterlevelsaroundtheEarthbackintobalance.9.Thisarticleismostlikelya(n)________.A.advertisement B.speech C.newspaperarticle D.interview3EverymorningHannahGriffithsandherworkmateswalkedintotherainforestintheMaliauBasininBormeo,wheretheyhadsetupasetofexperimentstolookattheecologicaleffectsofsmallcreatures:termites.TermitesgetabumrapinUSA.Theyarethoughttomakethelossofbillionsofdollarseachyearbecausetheybiteupahugenumberofwoods.Andtheyareresponsibleforsomethinglike2%ofglobalcarbonemissions,simplybecauseoftheirhugepopulationsandtheirlikeforbitingthroughsomespecialmaterials.Peoplehatethemandaretryingtokillthem.Buttheyplayakeyroleinmanynaturalecosystems.Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatintropicalforests,termiteseatupfallenleavesanddeadwood.Theyhelpkeepthefallenmaterialundercontrol.Theyletnutrientsfromthedeadmaterialbackintothesystemtobeusedbyotherplants,insects,andanimals.Butscientistsdidn’tknowexactlyhowimportanttheinsectswereinkeepingtheforesthealthyandfunctional,sotheyremovedtermitesfromaparticularplaceintheforestandsawwhatwouldhappen.HannahGriffithsandherworkmatesstartedtheirexperiment.Itchancedthattheforestwashitbyanextremedroughtatthattime.Duringthenon-droughtyears,theysawtherewaswasn’tmuchdifferencebetweenthenormalplacesandtheoneswherethey’dremovedthetermites.butduringthedrought,theeffectswereeasytosee.Whattheyfoundwasunexpected:inthetermite-richareas,thesoilstayedslightlywet,moretreessprouted,andthesystemwasstillfullofactivityduringthelong,dryperiod.ForGriffiths,shethoughtthattheycouldpickouttherealimportanceoftermitestothesystemonlybecausetheyaccidentallystudiedtermitesduringthedrought.Shepointedout,An“Andthatringsalarmbellsinmyhead,”shesaid,“becauseitmakesmethink:whatelsedon’tweknow?Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,whatwillhappen?Andwhatifaspeciesdiesout?”10.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“bumrap”underlinedinParagraph2?A.badimpression B.goodimage C.positiveinfluence D.speciallike11.Whathavescientistslearnedabouttermites?A.Theydoseriousharmtotropicalrainforests.B.Theyspeedupthelossofnutrientsintherainforest.C.Theyactasfoodforotherplants,insectsandanimals.D.Theydosomethinggoodtotheecosystemtheylivein.12.FromthefindingofGriffiths’experiment,wecaninferthattermites________A.helprainforestssurvivethedroughtB.enjoyentingtreesduringthedroughtC.preferdroughtyearstonon-droughtonesD.benefitmorefromtheforestduringthedrought13.Griffithsmightwanttotellus________A.termitesarenowindangerB.termitesdamagebiologicalcommunitiesC.weshouldthinktwicebeforedamagingaspeciesD.weshouldstudythedroughttoimprovethesystem4Terribleweathereventsareharmingtheplanet(星球，地球),andexpertswarnofevengreaterresultstocome.TheseaicelossandtheArctic(北極的)icemelting(融化)causedbyclimatechangehaveincreasedmuchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavepusheddownthenumberofpolarbears(北極熊)andsealswhilepolarbearsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals(海豹).AccordingtothedatafromtheWMO,temperaturesontheAntarctica(南極洲)justhit18.3℃,whichishigherthantherecordof17.59℃inMarch,2015.Moreover,temperaturesinthisareahavewarmedabout3℃overthelast50years.Althoughsuchtemperaturesmightbeconsideredpleasantforapicnicorahikingtrip,thisistheAntarcticawearetalkingabout.Itishometothemostinhospitableenvironmentontheplanetbecauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace.Infact,theaveragetemperatureofthecontinent’scentralareais-57℃.Besides,manyplacesareexperiencingtheextremeweatherthissummer.Australiaisundergoingitsworstdrought(干旱)sincethe1930s,leavingbushfires(叢林大火)burningsolongandcausingmanydeaths.MeanwhileinEurope,cropsinthenorthwestaresufferingthedriestweatherinthepast80years.RecentlyWestTexasinAmericahasalsogonethroughitsworstdroughtinmorethan70years,whilefloodshavehitEasternandSouthernChina.“Climatechangeisbadforushumanbeings,whichcausesdirecthealthproblems.I’mafraidtherewillbemorecommoneventsliketheonethat30,000to50,000personsdiedinEuropein2003duetotheheatwavethere,”P(pán)rofessorSchwartzsaid.“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesandlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”14.Whatdoesn’tbringdownthenumberofpolarbearsaccordingtothispassage?A.Hunting. B.Climatechange.C.Theseaiceloss. D.TheArcticicemelting.15.Whatcanyougetinthispassage?A.TheAntarcticaispleasantforahikingtrip.B.ExtremeweatherledtowildfiresburninginEurope.C.Climatechangewillcauseairpollutionanddiseases.D.ThetemperaturesontheAntarcticahitthehighestinMarch,2015.16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inhospitable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Comfortabletolive B.FriendlytoliveC.Unhealthytolive D.Unfittolive17.Whatisthemainideaforthispassage?A.Thewholeplanetisdrieranddrier.B.TheAntarcticaiswarmerandwarmer.C.Climatechangeisgettingworseandworse.D.Thenumberofpolarbearsissmallerandsmaller.5Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼蟲(chóng)).Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdroughtintheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(蝦)thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouth-westoftheUnitedStatewhereshadetemperaturesofover50℃areoftenrecorded.TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch.Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimeterlongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetertoalengthofabout1.5centimeters.Throughoutthetimewhentheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythe12thday,however,whentheyareabout3centimeterslong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthe13thdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake;inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryear,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.18.WhichofthefollowingisthemostdistinctivefeatureofMojaveshrimps?A.Theyliveabriefandtoughlife.B.Theyfeedonplantandanimalorganisms.C.Theireggscansurviveyearsofdrought.D.Theylaytheireggsinthemud.19.Theword“dormant”(inPara4)mostprobablymeans________.A.inactive B.strong C.alert D.soft20.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Appearanceandsizeareimportantfactorsforlifetosurviveinthedesert.B.Aspeciesmustbeabletomultiplyquicklyinordertosurviveinthedesert.C.Forsomespeciesonelifecycleinayearisenoughtosurvivethedesertdrought.D.Somespeciesdevelopauniquelifepatterntosurviveinsevereconditions.21.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?A.TheeggsofMojaveshrimpsareassmallasthegrainsofseeds.B.Thewholecycleofgrowthoftheshrimpsisaraceagainsttime.C.Itisdifficulttobelievethattheseshrimpscansurvivedroughtsinthedesert.D.Theamountoftrainhasastrongimpactonthenumberoftheshrimps.22.Thepassagemainlydealswith________.A.thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimpsB.thesurvivalofdesertshrimpsC.thecreatureslivingintheMojavedesertD.theimportanceofwatertolifeinthedesert6GeneralTreatmenttoBurnsMovetheinjuredawayfromtheheatfirst.Checkthebreathingaswellasthesizeanddepthofburns.Washtheburntareawithrunningwatertoreducepain.Coverthewoundwithasterilized(消毒的)dressing.Heatstroke(中暑)Toavoidheatstroke,youshouldstoptiringactivitiesinhotweather.Ifyoustillgooutdoors,youshould:wearlightloose-fitting(寬松的)clothing.restinacoolplaceasoftenaspossible.drinkboiledwaterorfruitjuice.avoiddrinkssuchasmilk,wineandbeer.FirstAidtrainingSomepeoplegothroughtraininginordertoprovidefirstaidinpublicorathome,orotherplaceswherepeoplegettogether.Peopleperformingafirstaidroleareoftenexpectedtohaveahighleveloffirstaidtrainingandareoftenuniformed.Therearesomeorganizationsgivingfirstaidcoursesrecognizedbythelocalgovernment,suchastheRedCross.Whenyou’reatschoolorinanyplace,keepingsafeisthemostimportantthingforyoutodo.Firstaidistheimmediatecaregiventoapersonwhohasbeeninjuredorsuddenlyill,includingself-helpandhomecareifdoctorscan’tappearintime.Firstaidknowledgemeanslifeordeathduringanemergency(緊急的)situationsothatgreatestpossiblegoodmaybedoneforthegreatestnumberofpeople.23.Whendoweneedtogivefirstaid?A.Whendoctorsarrive. B.Beforedoctorsarrive.C.Afterdoctorsarrive. D.Whenpatientsareinthehospital.24.Ifsomeone’sarmisburntbyfire,youshould________.A.cuttheburntareaoffhisarm B.covertheburntareawithsometoothpasteC.avoidmovinghimawayfromtheheat D.puttheburntareaundersomerunningwater25.Whatmaycauseheatstrokeonahotday?A.Stayinginacoolplace. B.Drinkingboiledwaterorfruitjuice.C.Doingtiringoutdooractivities. D.Wearinglightloose-fittingclothing.26.Wherecanpeoplehavefirstaidcoursesaccordingtothepassage?A. B.C. D.27.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Totellreadershowtogivefirstaid.B.Totellreadershowtoavoidheatstroke.C.Tointroducesomefirstaidtrainingcoursesandschools.D.Topraiseanorganizationthatisrelatedtofirstaidtraining.7Climate(氣候)changewillnotonlyincreasetheworld’saverage(平均)temperature,anditwillalsoincreasetheheatwaves(熱浪)thatareharmingpeopleandwildlifeevennow.Summertimeisquicklybecomingadangerousseasonforalllifeontheearth.Heatwaveshavealreadyproducedattractivedeathsinanimals.Heatstroke(中暑)fromsuche-ventsisalsoapresentdangerforpeople,especiallytheold.Heatwavescanalsohavemoreeffectsonthebodiesofanimals.Ifwildanimalsareexperiencingterriblyhightemperatures,althoughyouwon’tseedeath,youmightseechangesintheirbodiesthatshowthey’regettingclosetodeath.Bystudyingresponseslikethese,scientistscouldgetanearlywarningsignbeforeheatwavesstarttoproducemoreseriousresults.Someresearchdealswiththesekindsofresponsestomakepredictionsabouthowclimatechangewillhaveaninfluenceonhumans,animalsandecosystems.Asforwhenthiskindofeventswillhappenandjusthowterriblethey’llbe,predictionsaredifferent.Wecan’tsayit’sgoingtohappennextyear.ButifwecontinuegivingoffCO2likethis,bytheendofthiscentury,we’regoingtoseeheatwavesthatwillbemorepowerfulthanthosethathavekilledlargenumbersofpeopleandwildlife.Ascarbondioxide(CO2)andothergreenhousegases(氣體)keepinheatandraisetheearth’saveragetemperature,theheatwaveswillcomemoreoften.Climatechangeishavingagreatinfluenceontheearth.Scientistsarenowcallingforactiontodealwiththebadinfluenceofheatwavesontheplanet.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Heatwavescanhelpdealwithclimatechange.B.Temperatureincreaseisrelatedtoclimatechange.C.Wildlifewon’tbeharmedbyheatwaves.29.Theunderlinedword“responses”means________inChinese.A.理論 B.動(dòng)機(jī) C.反應(yīng)30.Itcanbeinferredthatheatwavesinthefuturewill________.A.protectthepartsoftheearthwherehumansarelivingB.killmorepeopleandwildlifeifwedon’ttakeanyactionC.havenoinfluenceonhumans,animalsorecosystems31.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Heatstroke(中暑)isapresentdangerforpeopleexcepttheold.B.Itwillbeeasierforhumansandanimalstoliveintheterriblyhotsummer.C.Predictionsabouttheinfluenceofclimatechangearevarious.32.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheInfluenceofClimate(氣候)Change.B.TheLivingAnimalsontheEarth.C.TheWaytoStoptheHeatwaves.二、完形填空Abottleofwatermaynotseemlikemuchtoyou,butthousandsofbottleswillbeofgreathelpforpeoplewholiveindrought-hit(遭受旱災(zāi))areasinChina.Lastautumn,therewas___33___raininSouthwestChina.Someplaces,especiallyinYunnan,Guangxi,Sichuan,Guizhou,___34___aseriousdrought.Cropsdied,thelandcracked(裂開(kāi)),andwellandriversdriedup.Morethan20millionpeoplearehaving___35___infindingsafedrinkingwater.Afterlearningaboutthedrought,manypeoplearoundthecountry___36___water,moneyandotherthingstohelp.Lastweek,theCommunistYouthLeague(共青團(tuán)員)andYoungPioneers___37___eachstudenttogiveonebottleofwatertothedrought-hitareas.Studentsinprimaryschoolandmiddleschools___38___joinedtheactivity.InYuhuaPrimarySchoolinXi’an,900studentsboughtover1,000bottlesofwaterwiththeirpocketmoney.Theyalsowrotetheir___39___onthebottles,“Ihopeyougetmorerainthere.Ihopeyouarehappy.”Abottleofwaterisn’tmuch,butthousandsofbottleswillbevery___40___.Theseriousdroughthasalsomadestudents___41___theimportanceofsavingwater.“Thechildrenindrought-hitareaswon’thaveenoughdrinkingwaterunlesswedosomethingtohelp,”saidonestudent.“Idecidetotakea___42___twiceaweektosavewater,”hesaid.33.A.much B.little C.small D.low34.A.solved B.experienced C.managed D.mentioned35.A.fun B.time C.trouble D.joy36.A.gaveaway B.gaveup C.gavein D.gaveoff37.A.setup B.heldup C.carriedon D.calledon38.A.slowly B.probably C.quickly D.hardly39.A.plans B.notes C.changes D.wishes40.A.helpful B.beautiful C.careful D.hopeful41.A.think B.realize C.promise D.regard42.A.message B.break C.walk D.shower三、短文綜合填空閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境、音標(biāo)或單詞等提示，在每個(gè)空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使短文意思完整、行文連貫。Alongtimeago,therelivedaboynamedRodneyinthecountryside.Hewasvery___43___/?h?pi/withhisfamily.Buthishappinesscouldnotlast___44___alongtime.Rodneyandhisvillagersfacedadrought（干旱）.Theywaitedforrains____45____theskywasclear.Alltheplants,andevenanimalsstarteddying.Everyone___46___(be)worriedaboutit.Onenight,duringameetwithothervillagers,Rodneysaid,“Friends,weallheardstoriesfromourgrandparentsaboutanundergroundriver（地下河）____47____(run)throughourvillage.Whydon’twedig（挖）andsee?”Thevillagersstarteddiggingtogether.Theydugsohard____48____someofthemforgottosleep.Buttherewasstillnowater.They____49____/felt/sosad.Rodneykeptondigging.Hesaid,“Godishelpingandguidingmyway.”O(jiān)neday,whenhedugdeepenough,Rodneysawwater.Hisspirit（精神）ofnotgivingupsavedthewholevillage.“Nevergiveupso____50____(easy),”Rodneytoldallthevillagers.Fromthenon,theyarenever____51____/??:t/ofwater.Andwheneverthereare____52____(problem),allthevillagerswillworktogetherandhelpeachother.四、書(shū)面表達(dá)53.同學(xué)們，目前西南旱情十分嚴(yán)重，大家都非常關(guān)心災(zāi)區(qū)人民的生活情況。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇80詞以上的短文（開(kāi)頭句已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)），內(nèi)容包括：1.簡(jiǎn)單描述目前災(zāi)區(qū)的旱情（如：雨水不足、飲用水缺乏、樹(shù)木枯死、河流干涸，等等）；2.人們已經(jīng)為災(zāi)區(qū)人民所做的事情；3.對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)的同齡朋友們說(shuō)幾句話。參考詞匯：lackof（缺乏）Asweknow,thesouthwestofChinaissufferingfromseriousdrought(干旱)now.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案一、1【答案與解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了氣候變化正在危害著地球，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致一系列威脅人類(lèi)生存與健康的問(wèn)題。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheseaicelossandtheArcticicemelting(融化)causedbyclimatechangehaveincreasedmuchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavepusheddownthenumberofpolarbearsandsealswhilepolarbearsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals.”可知，氣候變化造成海上浮冰和北極冰川融化，而北極熊是靠海冰捕食海豹的，所以造成北極熊數(shù)量減少的原因不包括捕食，故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesandlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”可知，氣候變化將導(dǎo)致更多的空氣污染，疾病和水的缺乏等等，故選C。3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“becauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace”可知，因?yàn)樗鼞?yīng)該是一個(gè)非常寒冷的地方，所以inhospitable在這里的意思是“不適宜居住的”，故選B。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段全段可知，澳大利亞、歐洲以及美國(guó)的西德克薩斯州都遭受了嚴(yán)重的干旱，而中國(guó)的東部和南部遭受了洪水，故選B。5.主旨大意題。本文主要講的是氣候變化對(duì)世界各地以及人類(lèi)造成的危害，選項(xiàng)C“氣候變化越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重”符合主題，故選C。2【答案與解析】本文主要介紹了2018年世界水日的主題以及解決水資源問(wèn)題的方法。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theywillnotsolvetheproblemofdrought(干旱)butshouldprovideeffectivewaysforimprovingwaterqualityandincreasingwatersupplies.”可知，它們能改善水質(zhì)，并且增加供水。故選C。7.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“Bringingbackforests,grasslandsandnaturalwetlands；Connectingriverstofloodplainsagain；Buildingsanddams；Landscaperestoration”可知，下文中提出的方法均是對(duì)大自然有益處的一些改變，所以劃線部分“altering”與“changing”意思相近。故選A。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Bybringingbacknaturalecosystems,wecanhelptorebalancewaterlevelsaroundtheworld,benefittingbothhumansandecosystems”可知，因?yàn)樗鼈儙椭厍蛑車(chē)乃换謴?fù)平衡，造福于人類(lèi)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，所以恢復(fù)生態(tài)平衡很重要。故選D。9.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要內(nèi)容與“世界水日”有關(guān)，所以這篇文章很可能是來(lái)自報(bào)紙的一篇文章。故選C。3【答案與解析】本文主要介紹了白蟻因?yàn)槊磕暝诿绹?guó)吞噬數(shù)十億美元的房產(chǎn)而登上新聞?lì)^條，它們的碳排放量約占全球的2%，人們想要?dú)⑺浪鼈儭５?/p>