高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1impressionn.印痕;印記;印象;感想常用結(jié)構(gòu)：haveanimpressionofsth./doingsth.對(做)某事有印象makeanimpressiononsb.給某人留下印象makenoimpressionon對……無影響/效果givesb.afavorableimpression給某人留下好印象animpressionofone’sfoot某人的腳印Yourperformancegavemeastrongimpression.你的表演給我留下了很深的印象。WhatIsaidmadenoimpressiononhim.我的話對他不起作用。聯(lián)想拓展impressv.留下印象impresssth.on/uponone’smind把……牢記在心上lackv.&n.缺乏;缺少的東西注意：lack作名詞時(shí)，后常接of。lack作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞，作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后常接for或in。lack不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：lacksth.缺少某物lackforsth.缺少;需要for/throughlackof...因缺乏……nolackof...不缺乏a/thelackof的缺乏Hedidn’tgotherebecausehelackedcourage.他沒去那里，因?yàn)樗狈τ職?。Theplantdiedforlackofwater.植物因缺水而死。Theylackedfornothing.他們無所需求。聯(lián)想拓展lackingadj.匱乏的;不足的;沒有的belackingin缺乏(品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等)sightn.視力;視覺;看見;光景，奇觀;名勝常用結(jié)構(gòu)：losesightof看不見;忘記;失去catchsightofsth./sb.看見某物/人atfirstsight初看之下;乍看起來at(the)sightof一看見就……outofsight看不見beinsight看得見，在眼前Outofsight,outofmind.眼不見,心不煩。LastsummerwehadseenthesightsofBeijing.去年夏天我們游覽了北京的名勝。Crusoewasfrightenedatthesightofaman’sfootprint.克魯索看到一行人的腳印，他非常害怕。requirevt.需要;要求;命令常用結(jié)構(gòu)：requirethat+主語+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形需要某人做某事requiresb.todosth.命令某人做某事requiresth.(ofsb.)要求(某人)某事Iwilldoeverythingthatisrequiredofme.凡是要求我的事，我都會(huì)辦到。ThesituationrequiresthatI(should)bethere.形勢需要我去那里。溫馨提示require后接賓語從句時(shí)，賓語從句必須用shoulddo的虛擬語氣，其中should可以省略。另外，表示“需要”，且是物作主語時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞?ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，可以等于不定式被動(dòng)形式;在這一點(diǎn)上，need和want用法相同。Thehouserequiresmending.Thehouserequirestobemended.房屋需要維修。Allcarsrequireservicingregularly.所有汽車都需要定期檢修。Theyrequiredhimtokeepitasecret.他們要求他對這事保密。assistvt.&vi.幫助;援助;參與;出席常用結(jié)構(gòu)：assistsb.in/withsth.幫助(某人)某事assistsb.indoingsth.幫助(某人)做某事assistsb.todosth.幫助(某人)做某事assistwith幫助(照料，做);在……上給予幫助Iamwillingtoassistyouwheneverthereisanopportunity.有機(jī)會(huì)我愿隨時(shí)幫你。I’mafraidIcan’tassistyou,youhavetogoandseethemanager.我恐怕幫不上忙，你得去找經(jīng)理。Theheadmasterassistswithalotofthingswhenfree.有空時(shí)校長會(huì)幫忙做很多事。高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)2表強(qiáng)調(diào)：still，indeed，ofcourse，afterall，aboveall，surely，certainly，undoubtedly，inanycase，anyway，infact，especially，obviously，clearly表比較like，unlike，similarly，inthesameway，equally，similarto表對比bycontrast，onthecontrary，while.，whereas，ontheotherhand，unlike，instead，but，differentfrom，however，otherwise，yet，theformer…thelatter，once…now，some…other，yearsago…today表列舉foronething…andforanother，like表舉例Forexample，forinstance，suchas，take…forexample，except[for]表時(shí)間Later，next，then，finally，atlast，eventually，meanwhile，fromnowon，fromthenon，atthesametime，forthetimebeing，intheend，immediately，inthemeantime，inthemeanwhile，recently，soon，nowandthen，during，nowadays，since，lately，afterwards，temporarily，earlier，now，afterawhile，when，while，before，after，until，assoonas，then，suddenly，inafewdays，inrecentyears，earlythismorning/year/century，allofsudden，themoment表順序First，second，third，firstly，secondly，thirdly，tobeginwith，firstofall，inthefirstplace，last，finally，eventually，intheend，atlast，next，aboveall，firstandmostimportant，meanwhile表解釋Inotherwords，infact，asamatteroffact，thatis，thatistosay，namely，表遞進(jìn)Whatismore，inaddition，and，alsobesides，too，moreover，furthermore，aswellas，aswell，again，additionally，whatisworse?表讓步Although，though，eventhough，afterall，inspiteof，evenif，表轉(zhuǎn)折However，ratherthen，insteadof，but，yet，ontheotherhand，unfortunately，despite表原因Forthisreason，for，nowthat，thanksto，assince，owingto，because，becauseof，dueto，表結(jié)果So，so/such…that，therefore，thus，asaresult，accordingly表Onthewhole，inconclusion，inaword，tosumup，inbrief，insummary，toconclude，tosummarize，inshort，ingeneral，generallyspeaking，aboveall，afterall高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)3主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在末尾。It作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較。It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)。Itis+名詞+從句Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是…Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸itis+形容詞+從句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…itis+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…it+過去分詞+從句Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實(shí)…主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況。if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。Itissaid，(reported)…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)Ithappens…，Itoccurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(right)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(wrong)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)What與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別。What引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語.賓語.表語，而that則不然。例如：Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。作動(dòng)詞的賓語。由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that通?？梢允÷?例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.由what，whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+賓語從句例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.作介詞的賓語。例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.作形容詞的賓語。例如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.That引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：Anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content等。也可以將此類詞后的that從句的看作原因狀語從句。It可以作為形式賓語。It不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth..后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞。這類動(dòng)詞有Allow，refuse，let，like，cause，force，admire，condemn，celebrate，dislike，love，help，take，forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.(right)Iadmirethattheywonthematch.(wrong)不可用that從句作直接賓語的動(dòng)詞。有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有Envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。例如：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.(right)Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.(wrong)否定的轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為Think，consider，wuppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.(我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。)表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be，look，remain，seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that常可省略。另外，常用的還有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeopleButthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclass