托福聽力書eva2015年6月版

題量，時間，分數（C-L-L&C-L-5/2-3min/6/4-6min/60-90SCALESCORE 1.1.分類結構2.2.3.對比&Comparing4.Chronological5.Causes&問題1WhydoesthestudentgotoseetheGist2Accordingtotheprofessor,whatinformationshouldtheincludeinherstatementofDetail3WhatdoestheprofessorconsiderunusualabouttheDetail4Whydoesthe lastoryabouthisfriendwhowentmedicalDetail5Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutthepeoplewhoadmitstudentsgraduate6WhatarethestudentsmainlyGist7ListenagainandthenanswertheWhydoesthewomansay8Accordingtotheconversation,whyaretransposessometimes“jumDetail9Accordingtotheconversation,whataretwowaysinwhichcellsgetDetailWhatcanbeinferredaboutthegenesdiscussedinWhatisthetalkmainlyGistWhatistheprofessor’spointofviewconcerningthemethodofDetailAccordingtotheprofessor,whataretwoproblemsassociatedremovingwterfromanundergroundDetailListenagainandthenanswertheWhydoestheprofessorsayWhatisakeyfeatureofasustainablewaterDetailWhatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutwatersystemsmanagedby“safeyield”Whydoestheprofessortalk to’sdescriptionofGistListenagainandthenanswertheWhydoestheprofessorimplyaboutto’sethicalListenagainandthenanswertheWhydoestheprofessoraskWhataretwopointsthat to’sviewsaboutDetailBasedoninformationinthelecture,indicatewhetherthebelowabouthumanemotionreflectbeliefsheldbyAccording to,whatisthemaincharacteristicofagoodor?DetailWhatisthemaintopicoftheGistAccordingtotheprofessor,whydidonescientistgrowaryentDetailListenagainandthenanswertheWhydoestheprofessorsayTheprofessormentionshousentsthatreceivetoomuchwater.doesshementionDetailListenagainandthenanswertheWhydoestheprofessorintendtoexAccordingtotheprofessor,whatsimilarityistherebetweenandryeDetailWhatisthelecturemainlyGistWhydoestheprofessortalkabouta thatworkindifferentDetailListenagainandthenanswertheWhydoestheprofessorsayWhatisanexampleofaviolationofthe“unityofDetailAccordingtotheprofessor,wheremighttherebe inorganizationalstructurebasedonbothprojectsandDetailIndicatewhethereachsentencebelowdescribesfunctionalorproject ceacheckmarkinthecorrectGistquestion:Detailquestion:Attitudequestion:Itrequiresthelistenertounderstandcriticalvocabularyphrasesorfactsfromseveralpointsinatextandtointerprettoidentifythekeypointsofthetext.Questionsthattestunderstandingthegistmayrequireyoutogeneralizeorsynthesizeinformationinwhatyouhear.Whatarethestudentsmainlydiscussing?ETSWhatisthemaintopicofthetalk?ETSWhatisthelecturemainlyabout?Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?WhatistheprofessormainlytodaywearegoingtobetalkingI’dliketobeginmylecturebylet’sfocuslet’snowtakealookhowarecompaniestypicallyDoyourememberwhattheyHowcanyouunderstandWhydoeshumanbeingconsiderit練：Thelisteningpassagewillbeginlikethis:“Listentopartofalectureinanastronomyclass”.Payattentiontothenameofthiscourse.Listentopartofalecturein 練習二：Listento10sentencesandtakedownthetopicIhaveseveralslides ,fromthefifteenthSolasttimewewerediscussing, .Todaywearegoingtolook Well,today’slectureis Ifyoureadthechapter,theone ,thenyouhavesomebackgroundfortoday’sI’mgoingtoshareadifferentapproachwithyoutoday Ok,let’sbeginourdiscussion …thenlet’sgetonwithourdiscussion Fromyoursyllabus,youknowthattodaywearetalking Let’saskourselvesthissimplequestion:howdoes makeyouAllright.We’vebeentalking ,nowlet’sturnourattention 正確選項標志詞：history,development,background,information,growth,origin,features,characteristics,invention,creation,innovation,evolution,era,trend,comparison,classification等Toogeneral:anideathatisbeyondthefocusoftheconversationorlecturetoospecific:asupportingdetailinsteadofamainideainaccurate:nottrue,oronlypartiallytrue,accordingtothespeakersirrelevant:aboutsomethingthatthespeakersdon’tmentionrequirethelistenertounderstandandrememberexplicitdetailsorfactsthatareimportantasanexnationoranexampleofthemainidea.Thesedetailsaretypicallyrelated,directlyorindirectly,tothegistofthetext,byprovidingelaboration,examplesorothersupport.Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?Accordingtotheconversation,whataretwowaysinwhichbacteriacellsgetgenes?Whydoestheprofessortalkaboutto’sdescriptionofsociety? thequestiontypeofteninvolvesreyingaportionofthelisteningWhatdoestheprofessorimplywhenhesaysthis:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheprofessor’sresponsetothestudent?Whatisthepurposeofthewoman’sresponse?WhydoesthestudentsaytodoEg.5.Whydoesthewomansaythis:Tomakesuresheunderstandswhattheman’sproblemToencouragethemantoreturnthebooktothelibraryTocheckwhetherthemanhasalreadyreturnedtheToseeifthemanisfamiliarwiththelibrary’sExnation:Simplyput/Let’sputinthisway/IthinkIshould/youConclusion:nowtosum/wrapupmySuggestion:youshouldhavedonesomethingInspiration:comeon,youaresupposedtoknowEmphasis:pleasebearinmindthat…/RhetoricalCorrectingmistake:waitaminute/Imadeaslipof題目的出題原理：Eg5WhydoestheprofessormentionToexinwhatisthefunctionofToillustratethetheoryTocontrasttheideasbetweenCandToprovethatC1isapracticalyoumaybeaskedaquestionaboutthespeaker’sfeelings,likesanddislikes,orreasonforanxietyoramusement.Alsoincludedinthiscategoryarequestionsaboutaspeaker’sdegreeofcertainty:isthespeakerreferencingasourceorgivinga alopinion?Arethefactspresentedgenerallyacceptedoraretheydisputed?Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudent?Whatistheprofessor’sattitudetoward…?Whatistheprofessor’sopinionof…?WhatcanbeinferredaboutthestudentwhenshesaysWhatdoesthewomanmeanwhenshesaysAwful:woops!Uh-uh!Oh,no!Oh,dear!Oh,Remind:Idon’tthinkyouwilldo/Iwaswonderingifyouwilldosomething/Idon’timagineifyoudo…/youhaven’tdonesomething,haveyou?Pity:whatashame/that’stoobad./I’msorrytohearthat/toughEulogy:Fabulous=Fab;Magnificent=Magnif;Glamorous=Glam;Excellent;Terrific;Awesome;Amazing;Fantastic;Incredible;Outstanding;Superb;Charming;GoodjobSurprise:Gee!Jesus!Mydear!Boy!JesusChrist!Man!Oh,myGod!Gosh!Oh,my!What!DearTactfulrefuse:Soundsgreat,but/Soundslikefun,but/that’stempting,but/IwishIcould,but/I’dloveto,but/I’dreallyliketo,but/Iwould(ifIcould),but/Imeantto,but/Ihavebeenmeaningto(dosomething),but/Ishouldhave,but…inunderstandingorganizationquestionsyoumaybeaskedabouttheoverallorganizationofthelisteningpassage,oryoumaybeaskedabouttherelationshipbetweentwoportionsofthelisteningpassage.HowistheinformationinthelectureHowdoestheprofessorclarifythepointshemakesaboutCause&Because,then,consequently,asaresult1980s,20century,then,afterthat,finallyBycontrast,ontheotherhand,inthecontraryForinstance,Let'ssay...,TakesthasanexampleClassification/Sth.includes4factors,Firstly...Secondly YouusuallyhavetoreachaconclusionbasedonfactspresentedinthelisteningWhatcanbeinferredabout…?Whatdoestheprofessorimplyabout…?Whatwillthestudentsdointhe注意出現(xiàn)的觀點性語言：inmyopinion,asfarasI’mconcerned,ally,payattention,frommypointofOperation StudyGuide DELTA新托福DELTA新托福BARRON新托 NBarron相近，感覺上略難一Longman教程——新TOEFL10個單元的題材加最后的一些?！禩OEFL《TOEFLnotatall：Themeetingyesterdaywasn’tatallforIwasfoundonthegroundbythefountainaboutafieldofasummerNotatRushThisdictionaryisnotexactlywhatIwantedbutitwillSomemoney,bikeBeonAnappleadaykeepsthedoctorHIlenthimaLarryistakingalotofart,isn’tThestuffthenursegavemeseemedtohaveImusthaveleftmykeysatmysister’sShelearnedtousethecomputeronher【t】+【j】=【ch】：meetyou,hurtyou,thatExample:won’tyou,don’tyou,didn’tyou,haven’tyou,hadn’tyou,wouldn’tyou,weren’tyou,lastyear,nextyear,notyet,didyou,hadyou,wouldyou,Iadviceyou,Iuseyour,how’syourSitdown,goodnight,-thiscalculatorisn’tworking-Ithinkyou’vegotthebatteryinupsideIam=I’m,youhave=you’ve,howis=how’s,thatwould=OfficialguideP199：OK.Sowe’vetalkedaboutsomedifferenttypesofrootsystemsofnts,andI’veshownyousomeprettyslides,butnowIwanttotalkabouttheextentoftherotsystem-theoverallsizeoftherootsystem…theGotta,stayathome,doitforfun,come ,gointhehouse,acupofcoffee,thetraintoPhoneuswhenyou I’velostmyPleasegivemesomecreamandEitherTomorPetercanIdea,Theyweren’tatthedormlastTheywenttotheTheydidn’tgotothe-Thesnowisreallycomingdown,isn’t-Rarelydowehavesomuchsnowin-WhatdoesthemanitistypicalDecemberweatherforthissuchalargeamountofsnowisunusualforthisGlass,class,Hot,box,,,,,,Method- panion,library-librarian,geography-geographical,ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic,declare-declaration,economy-economic-economical,invite-invitation,technology-technological,type-typical縮寫問題 ChemIntro.CourseintroductorycourseDemodemonstrationMemo=memorandum備忘 Info.=Information信Expo=exposition博覽 Chem.=chemistry化Comm.=commerce商 Tech=technology技Ad.=advertisement Dorm=dormitory寢室M.A.=MasterofArts文學M.S.=MasterofScience理B.A.=BachelorofArts文學 B.S.=BachelorofScience理學alga=algebra代數學、代 anat=anatomy解剖學、解architarchitecture建筑學、建筑aritharithmeticastron=astronomy天文學、天 fin=finance財政學、財geol=geology地質學、地 gram= r文 hist=history歷史、 mech=mechanics機械學、機 med=medical醫(yī)學、met=meteorology氣象學、氣 myth=mythology神phil=philosophy哲 phon=phonetics語言學、語photo=photography攝影術、攝 phys=physics物理學、物physiol=physiology生理學、生 pol=politics政治學、政＞:surpass,＜:less＝:equalto,thesame≠:↑:increase,promote,enhance,↓:decrease,fall,＋:plus,add,besides,－:minus,deduct,→:resultin,lead←:originatefrom,dateback√:correct,good,positive,×:wrong,bad,mistaken,☆:outstanding,∵:because,owingto,thanksto,since,∴:therefore,consequently,asaresult,so,∑:total,γ: BL:PRBL，RSBL， G: N:OPTN， Z:RCGNZ， FL: LS: T: L:Howtocatchthetopic：Today,Iwillbetalkingabout…Iwillbediscussing…I’mheretotalkI’vegotsomequestionsaboutIwonderifyoucannow，today，thistime/periodLet’sstartto….TheprofessorslowsdownwhenthetopicalwordscomeHowtoyzetheCause&Because,then,consequently,asaresult...Chronologicalsequence1980s,20century,then,afterthat,finally...Bycontrast,ontheotherhand,inthecontrary...Forinstance,Let'ssay...,Takesthasanexample...Classification/categorizingSth.includes4factors,Firstly...Secondly– 新托 場景匯總之CONVERSATION TPO2TPO4TPO5TPO6TPO7TPO9TPO12TPO13TPO17TPO22TPO1TPO4TPO7TPO9TPO10TPO14TPO20TPO24TPO1TPO8TPO10TPO15TPO19TPO23TPO24TPO3TPO6TPO11TPO15TPO17TPO20TPO23TPO3TPO5TPO8TPO18TPO21TPO2TPO11TPO14TPO16TPO21TPO12TPO16TPO19TPO22TPO13&相關事務+ Report,officehour,submit,ondisk,hardcopy,softcopy,computer,print,computerProject,tonof,cover,re-write,researchdata,information,input,Termpaper,grade,complicated,terriblemistake,editedversion,overtired,stressed,rushingagainsttheclock,mark,draft,print,finalpaper,maintainingaverage,application,drop,re-take,due,extention,discuss,checkback,re-reading,submissionInformation,examschedule,term,date,book,department,invigilator,signup,sheet,bulletinboard,facultylounge,square,draft,dean,review,drawup,manually,consult,registerPhysiology100,sophomore,secondyearcourse,firstyearstudent,transfer,beginmyfirstlecture,introduce,complete,approach,lawsofphysicsandchemistry,processoflife,vital,philosophicalapproach,scientificexperimentationFinalexam,midterm,multiplechoicequestion,essayquestion,comprehensiveexam,thesubject,review,textbook,classnote,thefinalwillcountfor50%ofyourgrade,researchproject,runintoproblemsSchoolbulletin,requiredwritingcourse,firstyearstudent,thirdyearstuent,researchpaper,signup,covertheentireprocessofwritingaresearchpaper,selectingtopic,finalformat,presentation,handin,assignment,finalgradeClassmeeting,lecture,differentconcept,handin,issue,revision,Researchpaper,due,proposedtopics,makecomment,themostfrequentproblem,broad,preliminaryoutline,schedule,available,appointment,finaloutline,nomorethantwopageslong,thesisstatement,precisestatement,conclusion Consecutivesummer,communitycenter,seminar,workshop,beginningstudents,advancedstudents,lastfourweeks,creditisawarded,文章的：Whydoesthewomacometoseetheman?Whatisthetopicoftheconversation?Whatisthemainsubjectof文章結尾的延伸：WhatistheteachergoingtodonextWhatisthestudentgoingtodonextWhatdoesthestudentfeelattheendoftheconversation?Course,semester,summersession,elective,birdcourse,splendor,lecturehall,lab,toughdecision,pick,choose,grade,relaxed,paper,finalexam,advice,signupEnquiry,creditcourse,off-campus,program,remote,access,internet,degree,distanceeducation,diploma,requirement,format,printmaterials,audio-tapes, econferencing,deliver,cost,fixeddate,history490Drop,fail,math101,rough,test,medUseyouradvice,dopremed,introductorycourse,non-sciencemajor,beweakin,dopoorlyin,meetatthesametime,moderndramaSemester,enrollin,graduatecourse,qualified,hardtimekeepup,favoriteinterest,challenging,easySignature,schedulecard,advisor’sapproval,quiteaheavyload,dropthecourse,Signupforanoncreditcourse,intermediatelevel,grade,regular Hardcourse,rehearsal,extratime,oncea學生的理由：whywasthemanlatefor所缺課程的：whatisthetopicoftheprofessor’sleturewhichthemanhas結尾的保證：whatdoesthemanpromisetofeelgood,cover,lecture,pointout,chapter,textbook,part,divide,project,focus,due,showup,note,transcribe,oversleep,talktroublewithmycar,lectureseries,attend,學生轉學轉專業(yè)的理由？whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?Whydoestheprofessorconsiderunusualaboutthestudent’sbackground?Publicuniversity,privateuniversity,communitycollege,reputation,classsize, alattention,individualattention,inct,groupdiscussion,tuition,expense,cost,afford,affordable,location,environment,largecity,smalltown,collegetown,topstudent,application,experience,special（1）課程的專門用Labinstructor,labexperience,setup,equipment,result,grade,labnotebook,properprecautions,protectivegoggles,toxiceffectofchemicals,labprocedure,heavymetal（1）大學館的基本制Library,chekout,spreadout,focus,jam,spot,crowd,comfy,farDue,finish,renew,check,librarycard,late,mixedup,request,fine,overdue,pay,process,sign,suspend,Librarian,facilities,referenceroom,referencematerial,dictionary,bibliography,li tureguide, ephonebook,periodicalroom,newspaper,magazine,academicjournal,currentissue,olderissue,cardcatalog,listedbytitle,byauthorandbytopic,callnumberreturn,shelves,checkout,reservebook,overnighpaperbacksection,exitgate,check獎學金授予的資格：Whatcanbeinferredaoutthequalificationstoapplyfor獎學金的：WhatisthestudentmostlikelytodoafterthisScholarship,bursary,department,information,financialaid,monetary,grant,determine,committee,donor,applyfor,financially,inneed,consider,out-of-town,requirement,website,on-line,submit,official, ,inscholarship,available,maintain,average,mark,applyfor,applicant,committee,honor,award,exam,candidate,weight,guarantee,gradepointaverage(GPA),percent,website,address,rigorous,extra-curricular,hardship,achievement,letterof mendation,fill,timeconsumingjob, mend,eligibility,enrolment 中包括的資料查找：Whatinformationwillthemanincludeinhis老師 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Report,subject,catalog,publishedsource,gatherInformation,giarize,failinggrade,gather,note,assimilatetheinformationthoroughly,paraphrase,capturethemianidea,quotedirectly,finalizetheresearchpaperDraft,passitoutinourclasses,clearuptheWhen?Who?How?Why?List,supply,onsite,kit,notebook,axe,glove,instrument,measure,clean,cancel,weather,clothes,outside,food,snack,transportation,transport,digSpringcyclingseason,regularhobby,physicalfitnessroutine,bicyclist,expertSkipatrol,skipatroller,Physicaleducationclass,rockclimbing,rope,belt,buckle,safetyequipment,climbingBreak,racket,reserveaRockconcert,vacation,打Summerbreak,work,job,offer,excellentopportunity,practice,wonderful,dilemma,difficultdecision,n,volunteer,NGO,chance,share,interesting,spend,accept,program,interview, ,application,applyfor,money,adviceTough,exam,stressed,dread,cramthenight,part-time,money,board,balance,hitthebook,energy,tired,sleep,consolation,getthrough,fun,fondnessLaboratoryassistant,filloutanapplication,fitintomyVarietyofjobopportunities,responsiblefor,volunteer,service,postionsareopen,linkofservice,careertraining,programavailable,demandphysicalendurance,receivenosalary,payforlivingexpense,housingandfoodallowance,additionalinformationInternshipprogram,advancednning,careeropportunities,workingexperience,shorttermexperience,permanentemployment,full-time,academiccredit,supervise,handout,careeradvisoryservice,livingexpence活動的目的：WhatisthemainreasonforthewomantoparticipatethisRun,marathon,motivator,backintoshape,inspire,runningbuddies,positive,sponsor,tonsofmoney,Registration,time,determine,firstyearstudent,mail,designateddate,specifictime,admissionletter,continuingstudents,average,previous,session,pay,creditcard,bank,ler,confirmationslip,inRegistration,date,newlyadmittedstudent,undergraduate,junior,sophomore,returningstudent,senior,check,payattention,time,register,designatedtime,pay,fee,financialaid,financialofficer,sponsor,authorizationletter,on-lineMove,accent,pod,internationalgroup,major,lucky,excellent,booklet,regulation,rule,conductive,quiet,self-d,problem,allow,smoke,cook,plug,dryer,voltage,alarm,kitchen,leftover,clean-upday,hotwater,meter,washroom,laundryfacility,basement,conservingenergy,loungearea,heat,air-conditioning,atoragearea,permit,hallway,communityspace,priornotification,safe,valuable,housekeeper,vacuumcleaner,lock,key,check,firepreventionequipment,cover,overnightvisitor,arrange,inadvance,religiouspropaganda,dorm,furnishing,parkHousingoffice,livingoffcampus,cost,rent,utilities,needacartocommute,noisy,peaceandWinterbreak,dean,vacationarrangement,filluptheforms,heatingcost, Diagnose,patient’sillness,painful,technologicaladvance,bloodandtissuesample,diagnostictechniques,detectdiseases,variationsintemperature,Xrays,sideeffect, fortable,endurepain,healthcareMedicalclinicandinfirmary,nursingstaff,getsick,areallybadcold,developterriblecoughs,p onia,stayintheinfirmary,don’tfeelwell,restmoreandskipafewclasses,getmedicalexcuse,theclinichour,emergencynumberPain,discharge,slightearache,takeitPrevention,symptoms,cough,fever,funnynose,headandbonesache,chill,flu,influenza,overtired,stressedout,exposureto,sneeze,airborne,body’s ,wardofftheflu,rest,eatwell,drinkalotofwater,immunesystem,fightoffillness,immunized,vaccine,universityhealthcenter antibody抗體toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫學vaccinefungus真菌bacteria細菌fermentation發(fā)酵inflection傳染/microorganism/microbe微生物 disfectionsterilization滅菌biology生物學marinebiology海洋生物學entomology昆蟲學ornithology鳥類學microbiology微生物學genetics遺傳學speciology物種學parasitology學paleontology古生物學paleontologist古生物學家dinosaur恐龍dieout/extinctionm l哺乳動物carnivore食肉動物rodent嚙齒類動物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潛水/跳水one-celledorganism單細胞有機體tissue動植物細胞的組織protectivecamouflage保護色predator捕獵者oceanicsnail蝸牛animaladaptation動物適應性survivalofthefittest適者生存originofspecies物種wildenvironment野生環(huán)境insecticide殺蟲劑prenatalcare產后護理habitat棲息地tentacle觸須prey捕食navigate導航tinyreceptornerve/specimen物種amphibian兩棲類動物declineinthenumber數量減少genegenetic的，遺傳的endangeredspecies瀕危動物survival活著的transition轉變/過渡microbe微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria細菌single-cell單細胞reptile爬行類動物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孫chewup咀嚼unfertilizedeggs未卵nutrient營養(yǎng)品nourishment營養(yǎng)品/食物feed喂養(yǎng)cannibalism同類相食respiration呼吸ingestion攝食digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶cell細胞nucleus細胞核cytosm細胞質smalemma/cellmembrane細胞膜cellwall細胞壁protein蛋白質aminoacid核酸nkton浮游生物heredity遺傳mutationofspecies物種變異chromosomegeneticengineering遺傳工程solitary獨居social群居bio-diversity生物多樣性metamorphosis/變形mutation變種variation變異zoology動物學Darwinism達爾文學說naturalselection自然選擇phylum門class綱order目suborder亞目family科genus屬species種invertebrate無脊椎動物vertebrate脊椎動物aquaticlife水生動物reptile爬行動物amphibian/amphibiousanimal兩棲動物protozoa原生動物rodent嚙齒動物ruminant反芻動物parasiticanimal寄生動物primate靈長動物nkton浮游生物mollusk軟體動物 te腔腸動物（母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草動物m l哺乳動物homotherm恒溫動物cold-bloodedanimal冷血動物poikilotherm變溫動物scavenger食腐動物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous雜食的bird鳥類camouflagehibernatehordes/swars動物的群落或人的部落population種群herd獸群hygiene衛(wèi)生sanitation公共衛(wèi)生；衛(wèi)生設施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper誘捕動物者niche小生態(tài)環(huán)境 孵anatomy解剖學appetite食欲creature生物scales鱗feathers羽毛armor甲spinalcord脊椎digestivesystem消化系統(tǒng)excretorysystem排泄系統(tǒng)reproductivesystem生殖系統(tǒng)circulatorysystem循環(huán)系統(tǒng)respiratorysystem呼吸系統(tǒng)hormonalsystem內分泌系統(tǒng)digestiveduct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃smallintestine小腸largeintestine大腸anusdigestiveglandsalivarygland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder膽pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獺anope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose駝鹿beaver海貍elk麋鹿reindeer馴鹿giraffe長頸鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河馬sloth樹懶slothful懶惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蠑螈scorpion蝎子turtle龜lizard蜥蜴chameleon變色龍caymen/crocodile鱷魚centipede蜈蚣robin知更鳥owl貓頭鷹barnacle北極鵝penguin企鵝canary金絲雀chirp（鳥、蟲的）vulture禿鷲crane鶴stork鸛ptarmigan雷鳥migrate遷移plumage羽體camouflagewing翅膀bill（鳥）嘴beak（鷹等的）嘴insect昆蟲wasp黃蜂hornet大黃蜂spider蜘蛛pest害蟲worm蟲/蠕蟲cicada蟬mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna/tentacle觸須larva幼蟲蜊oyster牡蠣sponge海綿starfish海星squid魷魚；烏賊burro/octopus章魚sole鰨；鰨目魚ice鰈，紅斑比目魚botany植物學botanical/botanic植物學的horticulture園藝學aquaticnt水生植物parasitent 寄生植物root根canopy 樹冠層/頂棚foliage/leaf葉leaflet小葉rosette（葉的）叢生stem莖stalk桿leafstalk葉柄shoot/sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel/skin果皮s（硬）果殼husk（干）果殼/（玉米）苞葉trunk樹干bark樹皮branch樹枝bough大或者粗的樹枝twig小樹枝jungle 叢林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧場prairie大草原mosses苔蘚shrub/bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨類植物horsetails木賊類植物clubmosses 石松類植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll葉綠素symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的wither/shrivel/fade凋謝blossom花pollen花粉pollinate傳授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue組織organsystem系統(tǒng)seedseverlasting永久的crossbreed雜交rootpressure根壓bore腔/腸cohesion-tension凝聚壓力column花柱necrosis壞死barren貧瘠的；不的futile無用的carbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白質vitamin維malnourished營養(yǎng)不良的nutrition 營養(yǎng)perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant綠油油的，嫩綠的，翠綠的evergreen常青樹conifertree針葉樹larch落葉松pine松樹spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoiaelm榆樹walnut核桃樹redwood紅木樹 blossom梅花orchid蘭花chrysanthemum菊花waterlily荷花/蓮花rhododendron杜鵑花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨l(fā)ily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus/heliotrope/sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce萵苣cabbagemeteorologymeteorologistmeteorologicalstationforecastpredictclimateatmospheretroposphere對stratospheremesosphereionosphereexospherecoldfrontwarmairmasscurrent（氣）流moisturespellvaporevaporatedamp/moist/humidhumidity濕度moisture/saturatedewfrostfog/mistsmogdropletcondensecrystal水晶體sheet（水、冰、雪的）downpourtorrentialrain大雨tempest(stormtorrentialrain暴風雨drizzle細雨shower陣雨hail冰雹blizzardsnowstorm暴風雪avalanchesnowslideprecipitation（雨、露、雪等）thunderbreezesandstormmonsoongale旋風typhoon臺風hurricane颶風tornado/twister/cyclonewindscale風級tsunami/seismicseawave海嘯tidalwave潮汐；浪潮upperatmosphere上層大氣funnel漏斗云disaster/calamity/catastrophedevastation破壞submerge淹沒drought旱災convection對流windvelocity風速winddirection風向long-rangeforecast長期預報numericalweatherprediction數值天氣預報nephysis云層crust地殼mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陸地殼oceaniccrust海洋地殼layer/stratum地層stratigraphy地層學fault斷層faultne斷層面faultzone斷層帶rift/crack/split斷裂disintegration/ position分解erosion腐蝕fossil化石igneousrock火成巖sedimentaryrock沉積巖metamorphicrock變質巖limestone石灰?guī)rgranite花崗巖marble大理石lithosphere巖石圈magma/moltenlava巖漿quartz石英mineral礦物ore礦石deposit礦床rubble碎石debris殘骸tinum白金/鉑金silver銀copper黃銅aluminum鋁tin錫lead鉛zinc鋅nickel鎳mercury/水銀sodium鈉gem寶石diamond鉆石emerald綠寶石ruby紅寶石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch/age/period冰川期glacialdrift冰漬moraines冰磧iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山(slo)shieldvolcano盾狀火山（平緩）(steep-sided)conevolcano錐狀火山（陡峭）eruption火山噴發(fā)crater火山口caldera（開口較大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷處；盆地lava火山巖漿volcanicdust火山塵volcanicash火山灰geyser間歇噴泉hotspring溫泉earthquake/quake/tremor/seismseismic的seismology學magnitude震級seismicintensityscale震烈度seismicwave波transversewave橫波longitudinalwave縱波epicenter震中epicentraldistance震中距aftershock余震clysm災變tsunami/tidal/海嘯undersealandslide海底山崩m(xù)eltglobalwarming全球逐漸變暖aquifer蓄水層swamp沼澤peatbog泥炭沼澤GreatCanyon大峽谷NileRiver尼羅河Coloradoriver科羅拉多河crumpleszones地質緩沖地帶bedrock巖床bulgearchaeology考古學paleontology古生物學anthropolog人類學archaeologist人類學家pale-anthropologist古人類學家ecologicalanthropologist生態(tài)人類學家psychologicalanthropologist心理人類學家originate于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同以種族（種類）的tribe部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate/unearth挖掘ruins遺跡/廢墟remains遺產/遺骸artifact手工藝品relic遺物/antique古物/antiquity古代/StoneAgeBronzeAgeIronAgePaleolithic山頂洞人culturalrelicsrockpainting巖hemisphere半球meridian子午線/經線parallel平行圈latitude緯線longitude經線/經度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平線equator赤道temperaturelatitudes溫帶地區(qū)tropics 熱帶地區(qū)Arctic/theNorthPole北極Antarctic/Antarctica南極theAntarcticContinent南極洲theAntarcticCircle南極圈theArcticCircle北極圈auroratropicsofCancer北回歸線tropicsofCapricorn南回歸線internationaldateline國際日期變更線timedifference時差timezone時區(qū)topography地形/地形學in平原teau/highland高地lowland低地basin 盆地oasis綠洲enclave飛地peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脈carven/caveterrain地域subterranean地coastland沿海地區(qū)coastline海岸線watershed分水嶺upperreaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流deposit沉積spring/fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床gulf/bay海灣waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布；噴流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropicalrain熱帶雨林continentalisland 大陸島volcanicisland火山島coralisland珊瑚島islet小島peninsulararchipelago群島delta三角洲landlockedarea內陸inlandwaterway內陸河subcontinent 次大陸cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope山坡continentalshelf大陸架canyon/gorge峽谷channel/strait海峽remote-sensing遙感的terrestrial 地球的/陸地的terrestrialheat/geothermal地熱t(yī)errestrialmagnetism地磁continentaldrift大陸漂移學sea-floorspreading海床擴展evaporation蒸發(fā)salinity含鹽度oceanbottom海床sediment沉積物tropical熱帶的temperate溫帶的frigid寒帶的frostheaving凍脹現(xiàn)象tundra苔原，凍原fieldstone卵石theMediterraneanSea地中海theprimeval原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的納維亞()(瑞典、挪威、丹麥、冰島的泛稱)fjord峽灣coralreef珊瑚礁Chalk白堊紀c lysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水嶺abyss深淵territory版圖；地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脈Carpathians喀爾巴阡山脈Vesuvius維蘇威火山Pompeii龐貝precipice懸崖eon世；紀；代glacier冰河P