西藏拉薩市第二高級中學(xué)2022屆高三上學(xué)期第一次月考英語試題（A）Word版含解析

英語（A）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whyisthewomansad?A.Tomwillleaveforcollege.B.Tomwillmisstheholiday.C.Tomwilltakehisvehicleback.2.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Upset.B.Surprised.C.Confident.3.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Catchaplane.B.Orderthemanataxi.C.Lookforsomethingfortheman.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atacafé.B.Attheoffice.C.Ataball.5.Whatdoesthegirlmean?A.Herparentswanthertochoosepopmusic.B.Herparentsoftenmakefunofher.C.Herparentslikeloudmusicfromthe1920’s.第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題1.5分；滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whywon’tthemanbepayingthebill?A.Thetreatmentisfree.B.Theinjuryhappenedatwork.C.Itiscoveredbythemedicalinsurance.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Salesmanandcustomer.C.Managerandemployee.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whichseasondoesthewomanlikebest?A.Winter.B.Summer.C.Autumn.9.Whydoesthemandislikedrivingintherain?A.Theroadsarecrowded.B.Thelightsaretoobright.C.Thetiresneedtobereplaced.10.Whendidthewomanprobablyusehertrucktohelptheman?A.Duringthewinter.B.Duringthesummer.C.Duringtheautumn.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Wheredoesthewoman’sEnglishteachercomefrom?A.TheUnitedKingdom.B.Australia.C.America.12.Whatisthewomanhavingproblemswith?A.Readingandwriting.B.Listeningcomprehension.C.Pronunciationandgrammar.13.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Askanotherteacherforhelp.B.LearnfromtheInternet.C.WatchsomeTVshows.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whenwasthelasttimethemousedeerwasseen?A.About10yearsago.B.About30yearsago.C.About100yearsago.15.Whodidthemanspeaktoaboutthemousedeer?A.AnNguyen.B.BarneyLong.C.AndrewTilker.16.Whyareresearchersstillworriedaboutthemousedeerprobably?A.Itspopulationissmall.B.Ithasbeenlosttoolong.C.Itsenvironmentisbeingdamaged.17.Whatdoesthemandoforaliving?A.Heresearchesanimals.B.Hehelpsotherstravel.C.Heinterviewscandidates.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Atwhatagedomostpeoplebeginsmokingaccordingtothetalk?A.About15.B.About25.C.About44.19.Whatwastheadvertisementlawtryingtodo?A.Makepeoplerefusetheadvertisementsoncigarettes.B.Makeiteasiertosellcigarettes.C.Makefewerpeoplebeginusingcigarettes.20.Whatisthespeakermainlydiscussing?A.Thoughtsonsmokinghavechanged.B.Recentstudiesarestillbeingexamined.C.Youngpeoplearemorelikelytosmoke.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AHaveyoueverexperiencedanyinconveniencecausedbylanguagebarrierswhiletravelling?Haveyoueverthoughthowawesomethoselanguagecourseswouldbeiftheydidn'tcostsomuchmoneyandrequiresomuchtime?Translatyiscreatedtoservethispurpose-withoutwastingyourmoneyandtimeonlanguagecourses,youcaninstantlybecome“fluent"inmorethan40languageswiththisgeniusdevice!WhatisTranslaty?Translatyisasimpleyetlife-changinginventionthathelpsyoutoovercomeanyobstaclescausedbyforeignlanguages,whetheryou'reinabusinessmeetingwithaninternationalclientorsunbathingsomewhereonaSpanishbeach.Thissmallbutingeniousdeviceisabletoinstantlyrecognizeandtranslateover40differentlanguages,makingIinterculturalcommunicationcompletelyeffortless!WhatlanguagescanIactuallycommunicatein?Translatyhasmorethan40languagespre-installed,soyou'reabletouseittheminuteyougetit!Itprovidesfastandaccuratetwo-waycommunicationandallowsyoutoinstallsomeotherlanguagesthatyoumightbemissing.WhatmakesTranslatysospecial?*Makestravellingeasier-forgetlanguagebarriersandbecome“fluent”in40+languages.*Helpsinbusiness-strengtheningyourinternationalbusinessrelationships.It'seasywhenyouspeakthesamelanguage.*Assistsindailylife-allowingyoutoovercomelanguagedifferenceswithyourforeignfriends.*Convenientandeasytouse-lightweightandsimpledesign'ensuresit'stherewhenyouneeditthemost.*Offers100%accurate,two-waytranslations.*Highsoundandrecordingqualityensuretherearenomisunderstandings.Tosumup—getitwhileyoucan!1.TranslatycanhelpusersA.betterunderstandforeigners B.learnforeignlanguageswellC.spendlessinlearningalanguage D.buildrelationshipswithcolleagues2.WhatisspecialaboutTranslaty?A.It'sreliable. B.It'senormous.C.It'ssecure. D.It'sinfluential.3.What'sthepurposeofthetext?A.Todeclare. B.Toadvertise.C.Todemonstrate. D.Tocriticize.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【解析】【分析】這是一則廣告。文章介紹Translaty的功能以及帶來的好處?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)WhatisTranslaty?中Translatyisasimpleyetlife-changinginventionthathelpsyoutoovercomeanyobstaclescausedbyforeignlanguages“翻譯學(xué)是一項(xiàng)簡單卻能改變生活的發(fā)明，它能幫助你克服外語帶來的任何障礙”?？芍?，翻譯學(xué)可以幫助用戶更好地理解外國人。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)WhatmakesTranslatysospecial?中的Tosumup—getitwhileyoucan!“總而言之——趁你還能拿的時候去拿吧!”由此可知，翻譯學(xué)的特別之處是“它是值得信賴的”。故選A?！?題詳解】目的意圖題。根據(jù)第二段中Translatyiscreatedtoservethispurpose-withoutwastingyourmoneyandtimeonlanguagecourses,youcaninstantlybecome“fluent"inmorethan40languageswiththisgeniusdevice!“翻譯學(xué)就是為這個目的而生的——不用浪費(fèi)你的金錢和時間在語言課程上，有了這個天才的工具，你可以立刻“流利”地說40多種語言!”由此可知，這篇文章的目的是為了登廣告。故選B。BFororAgainst?—ThatIstheQuestionAndyisthemostunreasonableandhemakesmesoangrythatIcouldevenscreamsometimes!Ofcourse,Isortofhavetolovehimbecauseheismytwinbrother.AndyandAmy（thatisme）havethesamecurlyhairanddarkeyesandareequallystubborn.Yet,onmostissuesweusuallytakeoppositepositions.Justthisweekinourschool,therewasaheateddiscussiononwhethertoadoptaschooldresscode.Everystudentwouldberequiredtowearauniform.Theteachersaredivided:Someareinfavoroftheuniformswhileothersareopposed.Theprincipalhasaskedthestudentstoexpresstheiropinionsbyvotingontheissuebeforedecisionsaremade.Butshewillhavethefinalwordonthedresscode.Ithinkadresscodeisagoodidea.Thereasonissimple.ThelessIhavetodecidefirstthinginthemorning,thebetter.Ican'ttellyouhowmanymorningsIlookintomyclosetandjuststare,unabletodecidewhattowear.Andyisshockedatmyopinion.Lastnight,heevendraggedoutmyparents'highschoolphotoalbumstoshowmehowbrillianttheylookedwithoutuniforms!Healsodeclared,"BruceSpringsteenneverworeaschooluniform.BobDylanwouldn'thavebeencaughtdeadinaschooluniform!Besides,whenIamfeelingpolitical,Iwanttobeabletowearclothesmadeofnatural,undyedfibers,sewnorassembledincountriesthatdonotpollutetheenvironmentorexploitchildlabor.IfIhavetowearauniform,Iwon'tfeellikeme!"TothatIreplied,"Soyourpersonalheroesdidn'twearschooluniforms.Buttheywenttohighschoolaboutamillionyearsago!IfeelsorryforyousinceIhadnoideathatyourego（自我）issofragilethatitwouldbecompletelydestroyedbyauniform."Thatreallymadehimangryandheshouted,"You'rejustcopyingwhatyouhearthatnewmusicteachersayingbecauseyouarecrazyabouthim!"Fortunately,thebellrangbeforewecoulddoeachotherphysicalharm,andwewenttoourseparateclasses.Thevotefororagainstuniformstookplacelaterthatday.Theresultsofthevoteandtheprincipal'sdecisionwillbeannouncednextweek.Iwonderwhatitwillbe.IknowhowIvoted,andI'mprettysureIknowhowAndyvoted.Howwouldyouvote---fororagainst?4.AmyandAndyoftengetangrywitheachotherbecause______.A.they'rebothstubborn B.theylikedifferentteachersC.theyalwaysholddifferentviews D.theydon'tlikeeachotherverymuch5.Amyholdstheideathat______.A.schoolclothingshouldreflectparents'valuesB.teenagersshouldneverfollowthelatestclothingfashionC.thewayonedressesshouldbeanexpressionofone'spersonalityD.wearingschooluniformsmeansonemakeslessdecisioneverymorning6.Whowilldecidewhetherthestudentsshouldwearuniforms?A.Theprincipal. B.Theirparents.C.Theirteachers. D.Studentsthemselves.7.InParagraph5,Amyaimstosaythat______.A.Andyshouldn'tlookuptohisheroessomuchB.ourclothesshoulddecidepeople'sattitudestowardsusC.Andy'slackofself-confidenceisreflectedinhisclothingD.ourclothesshouldn'tdeterminehowwefeelaboutourselves【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，Andy和Amy雖是雙胞胎，但他們在許多問題上通常采取相反的立場，例如在是否采用校服規(guī)定的問題上有爭執(zhí)。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Yet,onmostissuesweusuallytakeoppositepositions.”（然而，在大多數(shù)問題上，我們通常采取相反的立場。），可知他們經(jīng)?；ハ嗌鷼馐且?yàn)樗麄兛偸浅钟胁煌挠^點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中“ThelessIhavetodecidefirstthinginthemorning,thebetter.Ican'ttellyouhowmanymorningsIlookintomyclosetandjuststare,unabletodecidewhattowear.”（我早上第一件事做決定的時間越少越好。我無法告訴你有多少個早晨我在衣櫥里看了看，卻無法決定該穿什么。），可推斷出Andy認(rèn)為穿校服意味著一個人每天早上做的決定更少。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Theprincipalhasaskedthestudentstoexpresstheiropinionsbyvotingontheissuebeforedecisionsaremade.Butshewillhavethefinalwordonthedresscode.”（校長要求學(xué)生們在作出決定前就這個問題進(jìn)行表決，以表達(dá)他們的意見。但她對著裝要求有最終決定權(quán)。），可知校長決定學(xué)生們是否應(yīng)該穿校服。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第五段中的“IfeelsorryforyousinceIhadnoideathatyourego（自我）issofragilethatitwouldbecompletelydestroyedbyauniform.”（我為你感到遺憾，因?yàn)槲也恢滥愕淖晕胰绱舜嗳?，以至于會被制服徹底摧毀。），可推斷出Amy想告訴Andy，我們穿的校服并不應(yīng)該決定我們對自己的看法。故選D項(xiàng)。CThereisnosuchthingasa“safe"levelofdrinking,withincreasedconsumptionofalcoholassociatedwithpoorerbrainhealth,accordingtoanewstudy.Inanobservationalstudy,whichhasnotyetbeenpeer-reviewed,researchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordstudiedtherelationshipbetweentheself-reportedalcoholintakeofsome25,000peopleintheUK,andtheirbrainscans.Theresearchersnotedthatdrinkinghadaneffectonthebrain'sgraymatter-regionsinthebrainthatmakeup"importantbitswhereinformationisprocessed,"accordingtoleadauthorAnyaTopiwala,aseniorclinicalresearcheratOxford.“Themorepeopledrank,thelessthevolumeoftheirgraymatter,“Topiwalasaidviaemail."Brainvolumereduceswithageandmoreseverelywithdementia(癡呆癥).Smallerbrainvolumealsopredictsworseperformanceonmemorytesting,“sheexplained."Whilealcoholonlymadeasmallcontributiontothis(0.8%),itwasagreatercontributionthanother"modifiable"riskfactors,"shesaid,explainingthatmodifiableriskfactorsare“onesyoucandosomethingabout,incontrasttoaging.”Theteamalsoinvestigatedwhethercertaindrinkingpatterns,beveragetypesandotherhealthconditionsmadeadifferencetotheimpactofalcoholonbrainhealth.Theyfoundthattherewasno"safe"levelofdrinking-meaningthatconsuminganyamountofalcoholwasworsethannotdrinkingit.Theyalsofoundnoevidencethatthetypeofdrink—suchaswine,spiritsorbeer—affectedtheharmdonetothebrain.However,certaincharacteristics,suchashighbloodpressure,obesityorbinge-drinking,couldputpeopleathigherrisk,researchersadded.Therisksofalcoholhavelongbeenknown：Previousstudieshavefoundthatthere'snoamountofliquor,wineorbeerthatissafeforyouroverallhealth.Alcoholwastheleadingriskfactorfordiseaseandprematuredeathinmenandwomenbetweentheagesof15and49worldwidein2016,accountingfornearlyonein10deaths,accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetin2018.“Ithasbeenknownfordecadesthatheavydrinkingisbadforbrainhealth,"SadieBoniface,headofresearchattheUK'sInstituteofAlcoholStudies,saidviaemail."Wealsoshouldn'tforgetalcoholaffectsallpartsofthebodyandtherearemultiplehealthrisks.”8.Whatisthefunctionofgraymatter?A.Controlthemountofalcohol B.ProcessinformationC.Scanthebrain D.Predicttheperformanceonmemory9.WhichisNOTtrueinthefollowingstatementsaccordingtothestudy?A.Drinkingalcoholisworsethannotdrinking.B.Withpeoplegettingolder,brainvolumereduces.C.Alcoholwasthemajorriskfactorfordiseaseandprematuredeath.D.Thelesspeopledrinkalcohol,themorethevolumeoftheirgraymatter.10.Whichisoneofthe"modifiable"riskfactors?A.Smoking B.Aging C.Death D.Disease11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Themountofalcoholisnotrelatedtopeople'shealth.B.Peopledrinkingalcoholdoharmtotheirbrainhealth.C.Peopledrinkingalcoholleadtodementia.D.Theresagreatdealofliquor,wineorbeerthatissafeforhealth.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述新的研究表明，無論你喝的是什么酒，無論喝多喝少，都會對大腦造成危害。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresearchersnotedthatdrinkinghadaneffectonthebrain'sgraymatter-regionsinthebrainthatmakeup"importantbitswhereinformationisprocessed".(研究人員指出，飲酒對大腦中的灰質(zhì)區(qū)域有影響，這些區(qū)域構(gòu)成了“處理信息的重要部位”。)”可知，大腦灰質(zhì)區(qū)域的功能是處理信息。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Themorepeopledrank,thelessthevolumeoftheirgraymatter.(喝得越多，灰質(zhì)的體積就越小。)”可知，喝酒越多，灰質(zhì)的體積就越小。但文章并沒有證據(jù)說明D項(xiàng)所描述的“Thelesspeopledrinkalcohol,themorethevolumeoftheirgraymatter.(喝酒越少，大腦灰質(zhì)的體積就越大。)”，所以不能就此推出喝酒越少，大腦灰質(zhì)的體積就越大。所以D項(xiàng)表述錯誤。故選D項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“"Whilealcoholonlymadeasmallcontributiontothis(0.8%),itwasagreatercontributionthanother"modifiable"riskfactors,"shesaid,explainingthatmodifiableriskfactorsare“onesyoucandosomethingabout,incontrasttoaging.”(她說：“雖然酒精對這一現(xiàn)象的影響很小，但它比其他可調(diào)節(jié)的‘風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素’的影響更大?！彼忉屨f，可改變的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素是你可以做些什么，而不是衰老。”)”可知，“可調(diào)節(jié)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素”指的是可控的因素，是相對于不可控的衰老而言。A.Smoking吸煙；B.Aging衰老；C.Death死亡；D.Disease疾病。所以只有A項(xiàng)“吸煙”是人能控制的因素，其他三項(xiàng)都是不可控因素。故選A項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thereisnosuchthingasa“safe"levelofdrinking,withincreasedconsumptionofalcoholassociatedwithpoorerbrainhealth,accordingtoanewstudy.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，沒有所謂的“安全”飲酒水平，飲酒量的增加與大腦健康狀況的惡化有關(guān)。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論你喝的是什么酒，無論喝多喝少，都會對大腦造成危害。B項(xiàng)“Peopledrinkingalcoholdoharmtotheirbrainhealth.(喝酒對大腦健康有害。)”概括文章主旨。故選B項(xiàng)。DNostalgia(懷舊)hasbecomeincreasinglycommoninourcurrentclimateofaccelerated,unexpectedchange.MoreandmoreAmericansareturningbackwithlongingtowhatfeelslikesimpler,sweetertimes.Theycollectcassettetapes,manualtypewritersevendecades-oldvideogames.Isitamistaketogettooobsessedwiththepast?Somepsychologistswarnthattoomuchdevotiontotheso-calledgoodolddaysisanescapefromreality;itcanindicatelonelinessorthatapersonishavingadifficulttimecopinginthepresent.PsychologistStephanieCoontzarguesthatnostalgiadistractsusfromaddressingtheproblemsofmodernlifeandcontributetoanxietydepression,insomniaetc.Butnewstudiessuggestthatamodestdoseofnostalgiaisnotonlyharmless,butactuallybeneficial.Theysuggestithelpsstrengthenoursenseofidentityandmakesusfeelmoreoptimisticandinspired.Itisalsoatoolforself—discoveryandmemoriesareapsychologicalimmuneresponsethatistriggeredwhenyouwanttotakeabreakfromnegativity.Interestingly,thosehappymemoriescanbeparticularlybeneficialbothtokidsintheirteensandtosociety'selders.Recallingourchildhoodremindsusof“thetimeswhenwewereacceptedandlovedunconditionally,"saysKrystineBatcho,apsychologist."Thatissuchapowerfullycomfortingphenomenon,knowingthattherewasatimeinlifewhenwedidn'thavetoearnourlove."Nostalgiacantransformeventhemostordinarypastintolegendswhichwarmstheheartandthebody.Let'snotforgetthatnostalgiahasbeenasourceofinspirationtoinnumerableAmericanwriters.MarkTwainrecalledhisboyhood,writing,"afteralltheseyears,Icanpicturethatoldtimetomyselfnow,justasitwasthen：Thewhitetowndrowsinginthesunshineofasummer'smorning."Sogoahead,daydreamalittleaboutyourbestchildhoodfriend,yourfirstcar,along-gonefamilypct.AsDr.Sedikidessays，"Nostalgiaisabsolutelycentraltohumanexperience."Butatthesametime,keepthesewordsofwisdomfromthegreatinventorCharlesKetteringinmindaswell："Youcan'thaveabettertomorrowifyouarethinkingaboutyesterdayallthetime."12.Whatdidsomepsychologistsinparagraph2probablyagree?A.Nostalgiawillcausesomementalproblems.B.Nostalgiamakesusdevotedtothegoodolddays.C.Nostalgiashowsyouaretryingtogetridofloneliness.D.Nostalgiahelpsuscopewiththedifficulttimewearegoingthrough.13.Therearemanybenefitsofnostalgiaexcept________A.Itcanenableustoknowourselvesbetter.B.Itcanbringussomecomfortwhenwerecall.C.Wearelikelytogainattentionifwerecallthehappychildhood.D.Wecansometimesbreakawayfromnegativitywithhappymemories.14.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Thebadinfluenceoftoomuchdevotiontonostalgia.B.Thereasonswhyweshouldavoidnostalgia.C.Thebadmemoriesthatalwaysstickaroundyou.D.Thegreatchangesnostalgiawillbringtoyou.15.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Weallhaveasoftspotfornostalgia.B.Nostalgiaisactuallygoodforyou.C.Don'tbecarriedawaybynostalgia.D.Therearemanytimeswhenweliketorecall.【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，介紹了懷舊的好處?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Somepsychologistswarnthattoomuchdevotiontotheso-calledgoodolddaysisanescapefromreality;itcanindicatelonelinessorthatapersonishavingadifficulttimecopinginthepresent.PsychologistStephanieCoontzarguesthatnostalgiadistractsusfromaddressingtheproblemsofmodernlifeandcontributetoanxiety,depression,insomniaetc.”(一些心理學(xué)家警告說，對所謂美好的過去過于投入是對現(xiàn)實(shí)的逃避；它可以表示孤獨(dú)，也可以表示一個人現(xiàn)在很難應(yīng)付。心理學(xué)家StephanieCoontz認(rèn)為，懷舊會分散我們對現(xiàn)代生活問題的關(guān)注，導(dǎo)致焦慮、抑郁、失眠等。)可知，第二段中的一些心理學(xué)家可能同意懷舊會導(dǎo)致一些心理問題的說法。故選A。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Itisalsoatoolforself—discoveryandmemoriesareapsychologicalimmuneresponsethatistriggeredwhenyouwanttotakeabreakfromnegativity.”(它也是一種自我發(fā)現(xiàn)的工具，記憶是一種心理免疫反應(yīng)，當(dāng)你想從消極中解脫出來時，它就會被觸發(fā)。)可知，懷舊是一種自我發(fā)現(xiàn)，自我了解的工具，并且我們可以用快樂的回憶來擺脫消極。因此選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)D是懷舊的好處。根據(jù)第三段第七句“Nostalgiacantransformeventhemostordinarypastintolegendswhichwarmstheheartandthebody.”(懷舊可以把最平凡的過去變成傳奇，溫暖人心和身體。)可知，當(dāng)我們回憶時，它可以給我們帶來一些安慰，所以選項(xiàng)B是懷舊的好處。選項(xiàng)C（如果我們回憶起快樂的童年，我們很可能會引起注意）在文中沒有提及。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Youcan'thaveabettertomorrowifyouarethinkingaboutyesterdayallthetime.”(如果你總是想著昨天，就不會有一個更好的明天。)可知，下面一段將會討論過分沉溺于懷舊的不良影響。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Butnewstudiessuggestthatamodestdoseofnostalgiaisnotonlyharmless,butactuallybeneficial.”(但新的研究表明，適度的懷舊不僅無害，而且實(shí)際上是有益的。)可知，文章主要是講懷舊的好處。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。AliisfromaMiddleEasterncountry.HenowstaysintheUSA.Hesmokesalotofcigaretteseveryday.Hehassmokedfornineyears.Alisays,“Itriedtoquitsmokinginmyhometown,butitwasimpossible.Myparentssmoke.Mybrotherssmoke.Allmyfriendssmoke.Atpartiesandatmeetings,almostallthemensmoke.HereintheUnitedStates,notasmanypeoplesmoke.___16___”ManysmokersarelikeAli:theywanttostopsmoking.___17___Theyknowitcancausecancerandheartdisease.Butitisdifficultforthemtogiveupsmokingbecausecigaretteshaveadruginthem.Thedrugisnicotine.Peoplewhosmokealotneednicotine.___18___Thenicotinemakeshimsick.Inafewdays,thesmoker’sbodyisusedtothenicotine,andhefeelsfine.Later,thesmokerneedsnicotinetokeepfeelingfine.Withoutnicotine,hefeelsbad.___19___Manypeoplewhoquitwillsoonsmokeagain.Atapartyoratworktheywilldecidetosmoke“justone”cigarette.Thentheywillsmokeanothercigarette,andanother.Soontheybecomesmokersagain___20___.A.Itisveryhardtoquitsmoking.B.Itwillbeeasiertochangethesmokinghabithere.C.Thusnicotinemakessmokersaddictedtocigarettes.D.Thesmokersknowthatsmokingisbadfortheirhealth.E.Whenapersonfirstbeginstosmoke,heusuallyfeelsterrible.F.Maybethereisonlyoneeasywaytoquitsmoking:neverstart.G.Butitissaidthatmedicineisneededtostopthemfromsmoking.【答案】16.B17.D18.E19.A20.F【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了吸煙的人成癮的原因以及吸煙的害處。香煙里有一種叫作尼古丁的毒。許多人剛開始吸煙，感到難受，過了一些日子他們就習(xí)慣了尼古丁。然后離不開它了。吸煙容易引起癌癥和心臟病。但是戒煙很難，很多人戒了煙不久有吸起來了【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文Itriedtoquit(放棄)smokinginmyhometown,butitwasimpossible.和HereintheUnitedStates,notasmanypeoplesmoke.可知Ali因?yàn)榧亦l(xiāng)的人都吸煙，所以戒煙是不可能的，比較一下，在美國，吸煙的人沒那么多，因此可以推測此處要在這里改變吸煙的習(xí)慣比較容易，故B選項(xiàng)“在這里改變吸煙的習(xí)慣比較容易”切題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文Theyknowitcancausecancerandheartdisease.可知吸煙的人知道他們知道它會導(dǎo)致癌癥和心臟病。所以選項(xiàng)承接上文。故D選項(xiàng)“吸煙者知道吸煙對他們的健康有害”切題。故選D項(xiàng)【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文Thenicotinemakeshimsick尼古丁讓他們感覺很難受。所以選項(xiàng)承接下文。故E選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一個人第一次開始吸煙時，他通常感覺很糟糕”切題。故選E【19題詳解】根據(jù)下文Manypeoplewhoquitwillsoonsmokeagain.可知戒了煙的人不久很快又開始吸煙，因此選項(xiàng)要說戒煙很難。故A選項(xiàng)“戒煙很難”切題。故選A【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文Soontheybecomesmokersagain.可知他們有成為煙民，沒有有效的戒煙方法，因此說，最好的方法就是一開始就不吸煙。故F選項(xiàng)“也許戒煙只有一個簡單的方法:開始就不吸煙”切題。故選F第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）Mymotheris92.UnlessIhavetobeoutoftown,eachweekItakemymothertodoher___21___andvisitthedoctor,providing___22___andtransportation.Duringtheweek,however,shelikestogotoanearbystoreto___23___somesmallthingssheneeds.Lastweekshewalkeduptothestore,butwhenshewenttopayforhergroceries,shewas___24___aboutthreedollars.Theonly___25___topayforthegrocerieswastotakeoffthe___26___shecoulddowithout:abottleofrubbingalcohol（醫(yī)用酒精）andabarofsoup.Bytakingofthese,shewasableto___27___thenewtotaltotheamountofcashshehadwithher.Atthisstore,people___28___andthengoofftothesideto___29___theirowngroceries.Mymotherwasputtinghergroceriesintoshoppingbagswhena___30___cameuptoherandsaid,"Herearethethingsthatyou___31___."handinghertherubbingalcoholandthe___32___.Mymother,whoisneverspeechless,wasspeechless.She___33___forthewoman'snameandaddresssothatshecould___34___her.Thewomantoldheritwasher___35___.Mymotherwasso___36___byhergesturethatshedecidedtogobacktothestoreandgivethecashier（收銀員）afive-dollarbilltokeeponhand___37___thesamehappenedtosomeoneelseiftheydidn'thaveenough___38___foralloftheirgroceries.So,whoeveryouare,thankyoufortherandomactof___39___thatnotonlyhelpedmymotherout,but___40___too.21.A.exercise B.housework C.cooking D.shopping22.A.reward B.medicine C.company D.shelter23.A.return B.collet C.order D.buy24.A.short B.cautious C.wrong D.concerned25.A.aim B.way C.advice D.reason26.A.weight B.things C.mask D.glasses27.A.raise B.add C.bring D.switch28.A.showup B.callin C.checkout D.sitdown29.A.store B.select C.deliver D.bag30.A.stranger B.cashier C.friend D.doctor31.A.lookedfor B.talkedabout C.threwaway D.putback32.A.receipt B.soap C.cash D.bottle33.A.asked B.waited C.cared D.searched34.A.repay B.trust C.recognize D.help35.A.luck B.chance C.gift D.turn36.A.surprised B.amused C.touched D.convinced37.A.incase B.evenif C.asthough D.sothat38.A.energy B.money C.space D.time39.A.faith B.courage C.kindness D.honor40.A.madeherday B.changedhermind C.caughthereye D.metherdemand【答案】21.D22.C23.D24.A25.B26.B27.C28.C29.D30.A31.D32.B33.A34.A35.C36.C37.A38.B39.C40.A【解析】【詳解】【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了在商店購物時，作者的母親帶的錢不夠，不得不將一些東西又放回去。一位陌生女人為作者母親買下了這些東西。陌生人的行為感動了作者的母親，她決定將這份善意傳遞下去?！拘☆}1詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每周，我?guī)赣H去購物，看醫(yī)生。exercise鍛煉；housework家務(wù)活；cooking烹飪；shopping購物。根據(jù)上文中的“Mymotheris92”和下一句中的“gotoanearbystore”可知，作者母親年紀(jì)大，每周作者帶著母親去“購物”。故選D?！拘☆}2詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每周，我都帶母親去購物，看醫(yī)生，提供陪伴和交通工具。reward報(bào)酬，酬謝；medicine藥；company陪伴；shelter遮蔽，庇護(hù)。根據(jù)前文“Mymotheris92…Itakemymothertodohershoppingandvisitthedoctor”可知，作者“陪同”上了年紀(jì)的母親去購物，看醫(yī)生。故選C?！拘☆}3詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，在這一周里，母親喜歡去附近的一個商店買她需要的一些小東西。return返回；collect收集；order訂購；buy買。根據(jù)下文中的“smallthingssheneeds”可知，作者母親去一家附近的商店去“買”她所需要的一些小東西。故選D?！拘☆}4詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她去付款的時候，她缺了大約3美元。short缺少的；cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；wrong錯誤的；concerned關(guān)心的。根據(jù)下文中的“Theonlywaytopayforthegrocerieswastotakeoffthe39shecoulddowithout…”可知，作者的母親想要支付這些東西的唯一方式就是把可以不買的醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂放下。由此推知，作者的母親帶的現(xiàn)金不夠。故選A。【小題5詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：支付這些東西的唯一“方式”把可以不買的醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂放下。aim目標(biāo)；way方法，方式；advice建議；reason原因。結(jié)合上題解析可知，作者的母親帶的現(xiàn)金不夠，所以把可以不買的醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂放下是她能夠支付這些東西的唯一“方式”。故選B?！拘☆}6詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：支付這些東西的唯一“方式”把可以不買的醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂放下。weight重量；things東西；mask口罩；glasses眼鏡。根據(jù)下文中的“abottleofrubbingalcoholandabarofsoap”可知，醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂是作者母親暫時可以不買的“東西”。故選B?！拘☆}7詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過拿掉這些東西，她最終能夠使現(xiàn)在的商品總值達(dá)到了她所帶的現(xiàn)金金額范圍。raise提高；add添加；bring使……處于某種狀況，使……到某地；switch轉(zhuǎn)變。根據(jù)上文可知，母親拿掉了一些東西才能夠使得現(xiàn)在的商品總值達(dá)到了她所帶的現(xiàn)金金額。bringsth.tosth.表示“使……處于某種狀況”，符合語境。該處指“使商品總值達(dá)到母親所帶金額范圍之內(nèi)”。故選C?！拘☆}8詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在這家商店里，人們先結(jié)賬，然后到一邊去把他們買的東西裝到袋子里。showup出現(xiàn)，露面；callin叫……來，拜訪；checkout結(jié)賬離開；sitdown坐下。根據(jù)空后的“thengoofftotheside”可知，在這家商店里，人們先結(jié)賬，然后到一邊去。故選C?！拘☆}9詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在這家商店里，人們先結(jié)賬，然后到一邊去把他們買的東西裝到袋子里。store貯藏；select挑選；deliver遞送；bag把……裝進(jìn)袋子。根據(jù)下一句中的“puttinghergroceriesintoshoppingbags”可知，在這間店里，人們結(jié)完賬之后，然后走到一邊，將所購之物裝進(jìn)購物袋。故選D。【小題10詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的母親正在把買的東西放進(jìn)袋子里，這時候突然一個陌生人走過來，說……。stranger陌生人；cashier收銀員；friend朋友；doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)下文中的“She___forthewoman’snameandaddress”可知，這個女人對作者的母親而言是個陌生人，所以作者母親要她的姓名和地址。故選A?！拘☆}11詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這是你放回去的東西。lookfor尋找；talkabout談?wù)?；throwaway扔掉；putback放回。根據(jù)上一段的“…takeoffthe___shecoulddowithout：abottleofrubbingalcoholandabarofsoap.Bytakingoffthese…”可知，由于缺大約3美元，作者母親將醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂拿出來，放回到貨架上。故選D?！拘☆}12詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：…遞給她醫(yī)用酒精和肥皂。receipt收據(jù)；soap肥皂；cash現(xiàn)金；bottle瓶子。根據(jù)上文中的“…takeoffthe41shecoulddowithout：abottleofrubbingalcoholandabarofsoap.Bytakingoffthese…”可知，作者母親放回去的有醫(yī)用酒精和一塊肥皂?，F(xiàn)在陌生人幫作者母親又把這些東西買了下來。故選B?！拘☆}13詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她要這個女人的姓名和地址。ask詢問；wait等待；care在乎；search搜索。根據(jù)上文可知，陌生女人幫助了作者母親，所以作者母親想要對方的姓名和住址以便報(bào)答對方的幫助。故選A。【小題14詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她要這個女人的姓名和地址以便她可以報(bào)答她。repay報(bào)答；trust信任；recognize認(rèn)出；help幫助。根據(jù)上文可知，陌生女人幫助了作者母親，所以作者母親詢問對方的姓名和住址，這樣就可以報(bào)答對方了。故選A?！拘☆}15詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個女人告訴她這是她的禮物。luck運(yùn)氣；chance機(jī)會；gift禮物；turn（依次輪到的）機(jī)會。根據(jù)下一句中的“Shewasso___byhergesturethat…”可知，這個女人并沒有告訴作者母親她的姓名地址，并不期望作者母親的報(bào)答。所以這是她給母親的“禮物”。故選