高二英語人教版選修六練習(xí)UNIT3課下能力提升（十二）

Unit3課下力量提升〔十二〕Ⅰ.閱讀理解Beingphysicallyactivethreetimesaweekreducestheoddsofbeingdepressedbyabout16%,accordingtonewUCLresearchcarriedoutaspartofthePublicHealthResearchCentre.Thestudy,publishedinJAMAPsychiatry,foundatwowayrelationshipbetweendepressionandphysicalactivity.Peoplewhoincreasedtheirweeklyactivitywerereportedtohavefewerdepressivesymptomsbutthosewithmoredepressivesymptomswerelessactive,particularlyatyoungerages.Researchersfollowed11,135peoplebornin1958upuntiltheageof50,recordingdepressivesymptomsandlevelsofphysicalactivityatregularintervalsinadulthood.Theyfoundthateachadditionalactivityperiodperweekreducedoddsofdepressionby6%.InEngland19%ofmenand26%ofwomenarecurrentlyclassedas“inactive〞，andthisstudysuggeststhatactivitycouldsignificantlyimprovetheirmentalaswellasphysicalhealth.“Assumingtheassociationiscausal,physicalactivityhasaprotectiveeffectagainstdepression.Ifanadultbetweenhistwentiesandfortieswhoisn’tphysicallyactivebecameactive3timesperweek,hewouldreducehisrisksofdepressionbyabout16%，〞saidDrSnehaloftheUCLInstituteofChildHealth,leadauthorofthestudy.ProfessorMark,DirectorofthePublicHealthResearchCentre,said：“Manypeoplearealreadyawareofthebenefitsofphysicalactivityontheirgeneralhealth,butnowweareseeingmoreevidencethatsuggestsitalsohasapositiveeffectonaperson’smentalwellbeing.Thelatestresearchhighlightsjusthowimportantitistoensurethatpeopleareworkingandlivinginenvironmentsthatallowthemtobebothphysicallyactiveandmentallyhealthy.〞語篇解讀：最新討論說明，增加每周熬煉身體的次數(shù)，能降低人們患抑郁癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。1．Theunderlinedword“odds〞inParagraph1probablymeans“________〞．A．benefits B．intervalsC．risks D．a(chǎn)ges解析：選C詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Ifanadultbetweenhistwentiesandfortieswhoisn’tphysicallyactivebecameactive3timesperweek,hewouldreducehisrisksofdepressionbyabout16%〞可知，人們每周熬煉三次，能讓患抑郁癥的可能性降低大約16%。由此可推斷出，odds和risks的意思一樣，故C項(xiàng)正確。2．Accordingtothesecondparagraph,ifpeopleincreasetheirweeklyactivity,________.A．theirdepressivesymptomswillbefewerB．theirdepressivesymptomswillbemoreC．theywillbeemuchyoungerD．theywillbeemoredepressive解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Peoplewhoincreasedtheirweeklyactivitywerereportedtohavefewerdepressivesymptoms〞可知，假如人們?cè)黾铀麄兠恐馨緹挼拇螖?shù)，就會(huì)有較少的抑郁病癥，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．DrSnehalthinksitisimportanttobebothphysicallyandmentallyhealthy.B．Theresearchshowsmenaremoreactiveinphysicalactivitythanwomen.C．Adultswhoinsistonphysicalactivitywillavoiddepressionpletely.D．Increasingphysicalactivitycanfreepeoplefromdepressioninaway.解析：選D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Beingphysicallyactivethreetimesaweekreducestheoddsofbeingdepressedbyabout16%〞可推知，增加熬煉身體的次數(shù)在某種程度上能降低患抑郁癥的可能性，故D項(xiàng)正確。4．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Totellusafunstoryabouthowtoprotectusagainstdepression.B．Tointroducearesearchonthelinkbetweenphysicalactivityanddepression.C．Topersuadereaderstoincreasetheirweeklyactivity.D．Todescribethedisadvantagesofphysicalactivity.解析：選B寫作意圖題。本文主要向讀者介紹了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)討論成果，這份討論敘述的是身體熬煉和抑郁癥之間的聯(lián)系，故B項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五FivesecretstolivingasunshinelifeDon’tavoidorignorenegativity.Inordertoconquerandoverethenegativity,itmustbeacknowledged.Youareincontrolofyourenvironmentandifthesenegativesituationskeepmakinganappearance,it’suptoyoutohandlethem.Takecareofyourselfandyourneeds.Inordertoliveapowerfulandmeaningfullife,youmustloveyourself.__1__Andthiswillbereflectedinyourthoughtsandemotionalstateofmind.Loveyourselffullyinordertoloveothersfully.__2__Determinewhatisworthyourtimeandeffortandwhatisnot.Ifsituationsarebadandbeyondrepair,it’stimetoletgo.Arethererelationshipsorfriendshipsthatremaindamagedbutyouknowareworththetime?__3__Dowhatyoucantofindloveinsituationswhereitmayhavebeenabsentinthepast.Give.Giveourtime,energy,loveandsometimesmoneytoothers.__4__Soifyoucan,don’thesitatetodoit.Focusonthingsthatmakeussmile,laughandfeelgood.Thisoneisprettysimple.__5__Thatis,domoreofwhatmakesyouhappy!Itrulybelievehappinessmaynoteaseasilyaswewish.Inordertogothroughworkandresponsibilitiesthatseemboring,wehavetoactivelypursueandengageinbeautifulactsofloveandkindness.Solet’shaveatry.A．JustdoMOREofit.B．Fixthemandfindpeace.C．Alwaysputyourselffirst.D．Mendwhat’sbrokenorgetridofit.E．Determinewhatisimportanttoyou.F．Mindyouractionsandhowyouliveeachday.G．Everythingweputoutintotheworldesbacktous.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要地介紹了五個(gè)享受陽光生活的秘訣。1．解析：選F依據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Takecareofyourselfandyourneeds〞及空處上下文的內(nèi)容可知，此處主要講的是要關(guān)注自己及自己的需求。故F項(xiàng)符合語境。2．解析：選D依據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Determinewhatisworthyourtimeandeffortandwhatisnot...worththetime〞可知，本段主要講的是要修補(bǔ)“裂開的〞東西或者擺脫它。故D項(xiàng)符合語境。3．解析：選B此處與上文的“Ifsituationsarebadandbeyondrepair,it’stimetoletgo〞形成比照，上文說的是放手，這里說的是修復(fù)。選項(xiàng)中的“them〞照應(yīng)上句中的“relationshipsorfriendships〞。所以答案為B。4．解析：選G依據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題可知，本段主要講的是付出，且由空后的“So〞可知，空處是付出的緣由，故G項(xiàng)符合語境。5．解析：選A依據(jù)空前的“Thisoneisprettysimple〞和空后的“Thatis,domoreofwhatmakesyouhappy！〞可知，A項(xiàng)“就是多做〞符合語境。Ⅲ.完形填空WhenIwasinmiddleschool,apoisonousspiderbitmyrighthand.Irantomymomfor__1__butinsteadoftakingmetoadoctor,mymomsetmyhand__2__.Afterwrappingmyhandwithseverallayersofcotton,thensoakingitinwine,sheputachopstickintomymouth,andlitthecotton.Heatquicklywentthroughthecottonandbegantoroastmy__3__.Thesharppainmademewanttoscream,butthechopstick__4__it.AllIcoulddowaswatchmyhandburn—oneminute,thentwominutes—__5__momputoutthefire.Atthattimetherewasnodoctoravailablemymothercouldbringmetoseeaboutmyspiderbite.Forthosewhostudybiology,youmayhavegraspedthescience__6__mymom’scure:heatdeactivates(使不活潑)proteins,andaspider’svenom(毒液)is__7__aformofprotein.It’s__8__howthatfolkremedyactuallyincludesbasicbiochemistry,isn’tit?ButIamaPhDstudentinbiochemistryatHarvard.Inowknowthatbetter,less__9__andlessriskytreatmentsexisted.SoIcan’thelpbutaskmyselfwhyIdidn’t__10__oneatthattime.NowIamhappytoreportthatmyhandisfine.Butthisquestionremains,andIcontinuetobetroubledbytheunequal__11__ofscientificknowledgethroughouttheworld.Despitetheknowledgewehaveaccumulated,wehaven’tbeenso__12__indeploying(配置)ittowhereit’sneededmost.Weconstantlyseetheseproblemsofpoverty,illness,and__13__ofresourcespreventingtheflowofscientificinformation.Lifesavingknowledgewetakeforgrantedinthemodernworldisoften__14__inunderdevelopedregions.WhilestudyingatHarvard,Isaw__15__scientificknowledgecanhelpothersinsimple,yetprofoundways.Thebirdfluinthe2000slookedtomyvillagelikeaspellcastbydevils.WhenIrealizedthatsimplehygiene(衛(wèi)生)practiceslike__16__differentanimalspeciescouldcontainthespreadofthedisease,andthatIcouldhelpmakethisknowledgeavailabletomyvillage,thatwasmyfirst“Aha〞momentasabuddingscientist.Harvarddaresustodreambig,toaspire(立志)tochangetheworld.HereonthismencementDay,weare__17__thinkingofgranddestinationsandbigadventuresthatawaitus.Asforme,Iamalsothinkingofthefarmersinmyvillage.Myexperiencehere__18__mehowimportantit’sforresearcherstomunicateourknowledgetothose__19__.Becausebyusingthesciencewealreadyhave,wecanprobablybringmyvillageandthousandslikeitintotheworldyouandItake__20__everyday.Andthat’sanimpacteveryoneofuscanmake!語篇解讀：在哈佛高校的畢業(yè)典禮上，來自中國湖南的生物系博士生何江作為畢業(yè)生代表發(fā)表了畢業(yè)典禮演講。他從自己的親身經(jīng)受——被蜘蛛咬傷的往事講起，說明學(xué)問傳播、學(xué)問分布以及資源平衡的重要性。 B．helpC．a(chǎn)dvice D．decision解析：選B句意：在我上中學(xué)的時(shí)候，一只毒蜘蛛咬傷了我的右手，我去找母親尋求關(guān)心。help意為“關(guān)心，幫助〞；medicine意為“藥，藥物；醫(yī)學(xué)〞；advice意為“建議，忠告〞；decision意為“打算，決心〞。2．A.inwater B．onfireC．introuble D．onstrike解析：選B依據(jù)后文可知，母親實(shí)行的行動(dòng)是把作者的手放在火上燒。onfire意為“著火〞；inwater意為“在水中〞；introuble意為“有麻煩〞；onstrike意為“罷工〞。3． B．chestC．hand D．face解析：選C依據(jù)下文的“watchmyhandburn〞可知，棉紗上的溫度很快上來了，作者的手也開頭發(fā)燙。4． B．forbadeC．cancelled D．prevented解析：選D句意：這股灼痛讓我想要大叫，不過我嘴里含著的筷子讓我叫不出來。prevent意為“預(yù)防，防止，阻擋〞；preserve意為“愛護(hù)，保存，保持〞；forbid意為“禁止，不準(zhǔn)〞；cancel意為“取消，廢除〞。5． B．untilC．when D．while解析：選B句意：我唯一能做的就是看著我的手被火燒，一分鐘過去了，兩分鐘過去了，直到母親把火熄滅。until意為“直到……才〞；before意為“在……之前〞；when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候〞；while意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候；而；盡管，雖然〞。6． B．behindC．a(chǎn)fter D．within解析：選B句意：對(duì)于同學(xué)物學(xué)的人來說，你或許能找到我母親的治療方法背后所包含的科學(xué)原理。behind意為“在……的后面，是……的緣由〞；beside意為“在……的旁邊，在……四周〞；after意為“在……之后〞；within意為“在……之內(nèi)〞。7． B．simplyC．constantly D．continuously解析：選B句意：熱量能夠讓蛋白質(zhì)失去活性，而蜘蛛的毒液只是一種蛋白質(zhì)。simply意為“僅僅，只是〞；accurately意為“精確?????地，精確地〞；constantly意為“常常地，不斷地〞；continuously意為“連續(xù)不斷地〞。8． B．rightC．a(chǎn)bsurd D．puzzling解析：選A句意：這個(gè)土方子竟然也包含了根底的生物化學(xué)原理，這挺酷的，不是嗎？cool意為“特別好的，特殊棒的，絕妙的〞；right意為“對(duì)的，正確的〞；absurd意為“荒唐的，荒唐的，可笑的〞；puzzling意為“令人困惑的〞。9． B．stressfulC．painful D．regretful解析：選C句意：不過我是哈佛高校生物化學(xué)的博士，我現(xiàn)在知道了更好的、苦痛更少、危急更小的治療方法。painful意為“苦痛的，苦痛的〞；powerful意為“強(qiáng)大的，強(qiáng)有力的〞；stressful意為“緊急的，有壓力的〞；regretful意為“懊悔的，圓滿的〞。10． B．receiveC．a(chǎn)dopt D．a(chǎn)dapt解析：選B句意：所以我忍不住問我自己，為什么那個(gè)時(shí)候我得不到這種治療。receive意為“收到，得到，受到〞；accept意為“接受，同意，認(rèn)可〞；adopt意為“實(shí)行，接受；收養(yǎng)，過繼〞；adapt意為“適應(yīng)；改編，改寫〞。11． B．donationC．a(chǎn)llocation D．distraction解析：選A句意：不過這個(gè)問題始終在我心頭縈繞，我也時(shí)常會(huì)被科學(xué)學(xué)問分布的不均衡問題所困擾。distribution意為“分發(fā)，安排〞；donation意為“捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送〞；allocation意為“配給，撥出〞；distraction意為“分心，留意力分散，精神不集中〞。12． B．a(chǎn)bsorbedC．successful D．careful解析：選C句意：盡管我們已經(jīng)積累了大量的學(xué)問，但是我們還沒有勝利地將這些學(xué)問部署到最需要的地方。successful意為“勝利的〞；involved意為“有關(guān)的，涉及的〞；absorbed意為“全神貫注的〞；careful意為“當(dāng)心的，認(rèn)真的〞。13． B．plentyC．a(chǎn)bsence D．lack解析：選D句意：我們常?？吹竭@些因貧困、疾病以及資源匱乏導(dǎo)致的阻擋科學(xué)信息流通的問題。lack意為“缺少，缺乏，缺乏〞；separation意為“分開，別離〞；plenty意為“充裕，大量〞；absence意為“缺席，離開，不在〞。14． B．unwantedC．unexpected D．unnecessary解析：選A句意：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)里我們習(xí)以為常的那些救生學(xué)問在不興旺地區(qū)還未普及。unavailable意為“得不到的，難以獲得的〞；unwanted意為“不想要的，不需要的〞；unexpected意為“意外的，預(yù)料不到的〞；unnecessary意為“不必要的，不需要的〞。15． B．whereC．how D．why解析：選C句意：在哈佛學(xué)習(xí)期間，我知道了科學(xué)學(xué)問是如何用既簡潔又深刻的方式關(guān)心其他人的。how意為“如何，怎么樣〞；when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候〞；where意為“在……地方〞；why意為“為什么〞。16． B．separatingC．splitting D．breaking解析：選B句意：當(dāng)我意識(shí)到簡潔的衛(wèi)生措施例如將不同的動(dòng)物隔離起來可以遏制這種疾病的傳播，我可以把這些學(xué)問傳遞到我的村莊時(shí)，我的內(nèi)心第一次有了一種作為將來科學(xué)家的使命感。separate意為“隔離，別離〞；divide意為“分割，分隔〞；split意為“裂開，碎裂〞；break意為“打破，摔碎〞。17． B．probablyC．preferably D．relatively解析：選B句意：在這個(gè)畢業(yè)日，我們或許都會(huì)暢想等待著我們的宏大宏圖和冒險(xiǎn)之旅。probably意為“可能，或許〞；skilfully意為“嫻熟地，有技術(shù)地〞；preferably意為“更好地，更可取地〞；relatively意為“相對(duì)地，比擬而言地〞。18． B．recallsC．reminds D．refers解析：選C句意：我在這里的經(jīng)受提示了我，對(duì)于討論人員來說，將我們所會(huì)的學(xué)問傳遞給那些急需的人是多么地重要。remind意為“提示；回想起，回憶起〞；inform意為“通知，告知〞；recall意為“回想，回憶〞；refer意為“提到，涉及〞。19．danger B．inneedC．inorder D．inshape解析：選B句意：將我們所會(huì)的學(xué)問傳遞給那些急需的人是多么地重要。inneed意為“有需要的，危難中的，貧困的〞；indanger意為“危急的〞；inorder意為“按挨次，井然有序〞；inshape意為“健康的，狀態(tài)良好〞。20．granted B．forexampleC．intoconsideration D．intopractice解析：選A句意：由于利用我們已經(jīng)把握的科技學(xué)問，我們可能把我的家鄉(xiāng)，還有千千萬萬類似的村莊變成一個(gè)我們每天習(xí)以為常的世界。takesth.forgranted意為“認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的〞；takesth.forexample意為“拿……舉例〞；oconsideration意為“考慮到，把……考慮在內(nèi)〞；opractice意為“把……付諸實(shí)施〞。Ⅳ.語法填空Summerisalmosthere,andtheweatherisheatingup.__1__youdrinkenoughwatereveryday?Manykidsdon’t,accordingtoanewstudy__2__(publish)intheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth.EricaKenney,a__3__(science)atHarvardT．H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,originallyplannedtolookintotheamountofsugarydrinksthatkidswereconsuminginschools.However,__4__shewasdoingtheresearch,shenoticedthatmanykidswere__5__(simple)notdrinkingenoughwater.Kenneyandherteamexaminedfiguresfromagroupof4,000childrenagedfrom6to19,betweentheyearsof2009and2012.Whilelookingthroughthesurveyresults,she__6__(find)thatmorethanhalfofthekidsweredehydrated(脫水的)．Alack__7__watercanleadtohealthproblemssuchasheadaches,poorphysicalperformance,andevenmoreseriousproblems.Yourbodyneedsmorewaterwhenyouareinhotclimates,whenyouarephysicallyactive,andwhenyouhaveafever.Kenneysaid,“__8__isgoodnewsthatthispublichealthproblemhasasimplesolution.Ifwecanfocusonencouragingkids__9__(drink)morewater—alow-cost,sugar-freedrink—wecanimprovetheirdrinkinghabits,whichmayallowmanykidstofeel__10__(great)throughoutthedayanddobetterinschool.〞語篇解讀：一項(xiàng)調(diào)查說明，很多在校的孩子沒有喝足夠的水，超過半數(shù)的孩子處于脫水狀