高中英語北師大版必修四教學(xué)案UNIT11SECTION2

Ⅰ.依據(jù)詞性及漢語意思寫出單詞1．blamevt.責(zé)備，歸咎于2．a(chǎn)ttemptvt.&n.嘗試，試圖3．a(chǎn)ttituden.態(tài)度，看法4．pretendvt.假裝5．a(chǎn)pproachn.方法，方式6．hirevt.租用，雇用→fire(反義詞)開除，解雇7．respectvt.敬重，敬重→respectableadj.值得敬重的→respectfuladj.可敬的→respectiveadj.各自的，分別的8．a(chǎn)nalysevt.分析→analysisn．分析→analyses(pl.)9．a(chǎn)risevi.發(fā)生，消失→arose(過去式)→arisen(過去分詞)10．employvt.雇用→employmentn．雇用→employern．雇主→employeen．雇工，雇員11．legaladj.合法的，與法律有關(guān)的→illegal(反義詞)非法的12．defendvt.保衛(wèi)，防備；辯白→defensen．防備，保衛(wèi)→defendern．防備者13．a(chǎn)rgumentn．爭(zhēng)辯，理由→arguev．爭(zhēng)辯，爭(zhēng)吵14．processn．過程，進(jìn)程→proceedv．開頭進(jìn)行；行進(jìn)15．encouragementn．鼓舞→encouragevt.鼓舞Ⅱ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空16．Advertisementscanreallypromotesales.I'lladvertiseformyproducts.(advertise)17．Whenyouarenotcertainaboutsomething,you'lltrytomakesureofitcertainly.(certain)18．Thetimeforthecinemadoesn'tsuitmefine.Canyouarrangeanothersuitabletime？(suit)19．Hecontributedhimselftohumanpeaceandmadegreatcontributions.(contribute)Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語1．infavorof支持；贊成；有利于2．inpublic公開地，當(dāng)眾3．eout出來；出版4．inpetitionwith與……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)5．consistof由……組成，由……構(gòu)成6．standout突出，惹眼7．belinkedto/with與……相關(guān)聯(lián)8．makecontributionsto為……做出奉獻(xiàn)9．participatein參與，參與10．overthelastdecade在過去的十年中1.Whatdoyouthinkoftheargumentthattakingphotographsoffamouspeopleispartofnewsreporting?對(duì)于給名人拍照是新聞報(bào)道的一局部這一爭(zhēng)辯你怎么看？[句式分析]Whatdoyouthinkof...？意為“你認(rèn)為……怎么樣？〞[佳句賞析]你認(rèn)為?阿凡達(dá)?這部電影怎么樣？WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmAvatar?2.Itislikelytobejustthenameofapany,partofwhichmaybeagenerallocation.它很可能僅是一個(gè)公司的名稱，其中可能含有公司的也許位置。[句式分析]sb./sth.belikelytodosth.＝It'slikelythatsb./sth....“某人或某物很可能……〞。[佳句賞析]這款很可能會(huì)受到歡送。Thiscellphoneismostlikelytobepopular.1．Whatdoyouknowaboutthepaparazzi?2．Thinksomeadvertisementsyouhaveseenandwherecanyouseeorhearthem.1．The_paparazzi_are_also_called_“puppy_team〞_in__refers_to_those_journalists_who_are_hunting_the_news_of__like_to_take_photographs_of_famous_people's_private_lives.2．onTV,inthenewspaper,ontheInternet,ontheradio,inthestreet,atbus/train/subwaystation,onthebus,inthemagazine,ontheboard,etc.Ⅰ.Fast-reading(Ⅰ)Readthetextandthenmatchtheparagraphswiththeirtopics.Paragraph1a．Thebinationofdesignandnewideas.Paragraph2b．Thenewandgeneralneedofmodernads.Paragraph3c．Aboutclassicads.Paragraph4d．Thereasonofmakingpeopleforgettheexistenceofads.Paragraph5e．Aboutthepublicads.答案：Paragraph1～5cbade(Ⅱ)Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Accordingtothewriter,advertisementslike“ShanghaiSewingMachine〞or“TsingTaoBeerCorporation〞are________.A．a(chǎn)ttractiveB．suitableC．petitiveD．classic2．Nowadays,advertisementswith________aremoreattractivetopeople.A．highstandardsofdesignB．ideaslinkedtotheproductsC．highstandardsofdesignandideaslinkedtotheproductsD．conceptsoffreedom,happiness,wealthandsuccess3．Thetopadvertisersusehumouraswellasnewandunusualideas________.A．tocreatesomethingnewB．topersuadepeopletobuytheirproductsC．tomakepeoplenoticetheirproductsD．a(chǎn)lloftheabove4．Publicadvertisementsaremadetoencouragepeopleto________.A．makecontributionstosocietyB．protecttheenvironmentC．improvetheirneighborhoodD．helpotherpeople5．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．Howtomakeanattractiveadvertisement.B．Howtosellproductswithadvertisements.C．Whatagoodadvertisementislike.D．Notalladvertisementsaimtomakeaprofit.答案：1～5DCDABⅡ.Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandthenfillinthechartwiththeinformationinthetext.ThemainideaofeachpartpurposescontentsPara.1theclassicadsgiveinformationaboutfindingcertain(1)productsa.thenameofapanyb.whatthepanies(2)sellc.wheretheyarelocatedandthe(3)brandnamesPara.2theadsinthemarketattractandholdthe(4)attentionofthepublica.(5)consist_ofpicturesorthewordsofexpertsb.advertisementsthatpeopleenjoylookingatPara.3modernadshighstandardsof(6)visualdesign(7)binethehigheststandardsofdesignwithideaslinkedtotheproductstomakethemmoreattractive(8)createsomethingthathasneverbeenseenbeforeandisfascinatingforpeopletolookat(9)humour,_newandhavingunusualideasmakecontributionstosocietyencouragecitizenstoparticipateinimprovingtheirneighbourhood，protectingthe(10)environment,_andhelpingotherpeople考點(diǎn)1arisevi.發(fā)生，消失[經(jīng)典例句]Anewdifficultyhasarisen.消失了新的困難。Iaroseearlyinthemorning.我早晨起得很早。arisefrom/outof＝resultfrom產(chǎn)生于，起因于Accidentsoftenarisefrom/outofcarelessness.事故常起因于馬虎。[辨析比擬]原形過去式過去分詞釋義arisevi.arosearisen消失；起身risevi.roserisen升起，上升；站起，起床raisevt.raisedraised舉起，抬起；哺育arousevt.arousedaroused喚起1．選詞填空arise,raise,rise,arouse①Thatquestionthatwewereworriedaboutarose.②Hefellintoasoundsleep,don'tarousehim.③Itishardtoraisefivechildrenforthefamily.④Theyrosefromthetable.2．句型轉(zhuǎn)換⑤Illnessoftenarisesfromfood.→Illnessoftenresults_fromfood.考點(diǎn)2blamevt.責(zé)備；歸咎于n．責(zé)任；指責(zé)[經(jīng)典例句]Abadworkmanblameshistools.拙匠埋怨工具差。Ioftengettheblameforyourmistakes.我常常為你代過。blamesb.forsth.因某事指責(zé)某人betoblame(forsth.)對(duì)(某事)負(fù)有責(zé)任taketheblamefor...承當(dāng)……的責(zé)任blamesth.onsb.把某事歸罪于某人lay/puttheblameonsb.把某事歸咎于某人OurputerisbrokenandFatherisblamingitonme.我們的電腦壞了，父親正怪罪我。Sheblamedhimforthefailureoftheirmarriage.她把婚姻的失敗歸咎于他。Someclimatescientistssaidthatmankindistoblameforglobalwarming.一些氣候?qū)W家說，人類應(yīng)當(dāng)為全球變暖負(fù)責(zé)任。Wewerereadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.我們?cè)笇?duì)所發(fā)生的事負(fù)責(zé)。[名師點(diǎn)津]blame有一個(gè)用法比擬特別的搭配，即betoblameforsth.，其中blame用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。[語境串記]Don'talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyouyourselfaretoblameforit.不要總把失敗歸咎于他人。有時(shí)該怪你自己。完成句子①警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的馬虎駕駛。Thepoliceblamed_the_traffic_accident_onJack'scarelessdriving.②那次事故不能怪孩子們。Thechildrenwere_not_to_blame_fortheaccident.③你們必需對(duì)這次飛機(jī)失事負(fù)責(zé)。Youhavetotake_the_blame_fortheaircrash.考點(diǎn)3employvt.雇用，聘請(qǐng)；使用[經(jīng)典例句]Hehasnoworkexperience,soatleastatthismomentwecan'temployhim.他沒有工作閱歷，所以至少目前我們還不能雇用他。(1)employsb.todosth.雇用某人做某事employsb.as...雇用某人作為……employsth.todosth.利用某物做某事employoneselfin...＝beemployedin...從事……，忙于(2)employern.雇主employeen.雇員(un)employmentn.就業(yè)/失業(yè)outofemploy(ment)失業(yè)She'semployedasataxidriver.她受雇當(dāng)出租車司機(jī)。Theyemployedhertolookafterthebaby.他們雇用她照料那個(gè)嬰兒。Youshouldemployyourmoneymorewiselytobuythingsbadlyneeded.你應(yīng)當(dāng)更明智地用你的錢來買最需要的東西。Hewasbusilyemployedincleaninghisshoes.他正忙著擦他的鞋子。Howlonghasshebeeninyouremployment?她被你雇用多長時(shí)間了？1．單句語法填空①Thepanyhas200employees(employ)．②Thesecretaryworkedforthesameemployer(employ)for20years.③Theemployment(employ)ratehascontinuedtoriseinbigcitiesthankstotheeffortsofthelocalgovernment.2．句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Shehasbeenoutofworkforsixmonths.→Shehasn'tbeenemployedforsixmonths.→Shehasbeenoutofemploy_(ment)forsixmonths.⑤HewasbusyinlearningEnglish.→HeemployedhimselfinlearningEnglish.→HewasemployedinlearningEnglish.⑥Ihiredfivepeopletohelpmeraiseducks.→Iemployedfivepeopletohelpmeraiseducks.考點(diǎn)4attemptvt.&n．嘗試，試圖[經(jīng)典例句]Heattemptedtopasstheexambutfailed.他試圖通過考試，但失敗了。Hedidn'tsucceed,butitwasagoodattempt.他雖然沒有勝利，但那是一次很棒的嘗試。(1)attempttodosth.＝makeanattempttodo/atdoingsth.試圖做某事inanattempttodosth.試圖做某事at/onthefirstattempt第一次嘗試(2)attemptedadj.未遂的，意圖的anattemptedsuicide/murder自殺/謀殺未遂Theyareattemptingtoclimbthesteepestpartofthemountain.他們正嘗試攀登那座山最陡峭的局部。Theprisonermadeanattempttoescape.囚犯妄圖逃跑。Twofactorieswereclosedinanattempttocutcosts.為了削減費(fèi)用，關(guān)閉了兩家工廠。Ipassedmydrivingtestat/onthefirstattempt.我考駕駛執(zhí)照時(shí)，一次就通過了。完成句子①第一次考試不及格的同學(xué)可參與補(bǔ)考。Thestudentswhoarenotsuccessfulat/on_the_first_attemptmaytaketheexamagain.②我沒有準(zhǔn)備和她做伴侶。Imade_no_attempttomakefriendswithher.③時(shí)間這么短，別想干這么多的事。Don'tattempt_to_do/make_any_attempt_at_doingsomuchinsuchashorttime.考點(diǎn)5defendvt.防備；保衛(wèi)；辯白；愛護(hù)；為……辯護(hù)[經(jīng)典例句]Wemustdefendourcountry.我們必需保衛(wèi)我們的國家。Youhavearighttodefendyourselfifyouarebeingattacked.假設(shè)你正患病攻擊，你有權(quán)進(jìn)行防衛(wèi)。(1)defend...from/against...愛護(hù)……免于……(2)defence/defensen.防護(hù)；防備；國防；防備物；防備工事；辯論；抗辯indefenseof為了保衛(wèi)；辯護(hù)……；擁護(hù)Hedefendedmefrom/againstanyanimal'sattack.他愛護(hù)我免受動(dòng)物的攻擊。Offenceisthebestdefense.進(jìn)攻是最好的防備。Itwasbraveofhimtospeakindefenceofme.他英勇地站起來為我辯護(hù)。[辨析比擬]defend指“保衛(wèi)〞、“防備〞，應(yīng)用范圍很廣，對(duì)象可以是詳細(xì)的，也可以是抽象的guard指“保衛(wèi)〞、“保衛(wèi)〞，指留意觀看、戒備，以免受可能的攻擊或損害protect指“愛護(hù)〞，以免患病危急或損害等Troopshavebeensenttodefendtheborders.已派出去保衛(wèi)邊疆。Thedogwasguardingitsowner'sluggage.狗守護(hù)著仆人的行李。Theyhuddledtogethertoprotectthemselvesfromthewind.他們擠在一起，免受風(fēng)吹。1．選詞填空：defend,guard,protect①Hemadealongspeechtodefendhisownidea.②Hekeepsadogtoguardthehouse.③Hewaswearingdarkglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthesun.2．完成句子④Alltheofficersaretrainedtodefend_themselves_against/from(愛護(hù)他們自己免于)knifeattacks.⑤Hegavehislifein_defense_of(為了保衛(wèi))hiscountry.考點(diǎn)6beinfavourof支持，贊同；恩惠，關(guān)心[經(jīng)典例句]I'minfavourofyoursuggestion.我贊同你的建議。I'mallinfavourofequalpayforequalwork.我完全支持同工同酬。(1)inone'sfavour對(duì)某人有利asksb.afavour＝askafavourofsb.求人關(guān)心owesb.afavour欠某人一個(gè)人情dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.幫某人忙(2)favouriteadj.最寵愛的favourableadj.贊同的；順當(dāng)?shù)模欣腷efavourableto對(duì)……來說是有利的Thesituationisinourfavour.形勢(shì)對(duì)我們有利。CouldyoudomeafavourandpickupSamfromschooltoday?今日你能幫我個(gè)忙去學(xué)校接薩姆嗎？1．完成句子①CanIask_you_a_favour(請(qǐng)您幫個(gè)忙),please?Ican'tcarrytheheavybox.②ItalkedtoSusieaboutthetrip,andsheis_all_in_favour_of(完全贊成)going.2．用favour的相關(guān)短語完成小語篇③請(qǐng)你關(guān)心掃瞄下這份文件好嗎？我希望你能幫我這個(gè)忙。你知道我始終都支持你的，而且我覺得做這些事對(duì)你也是有好處的。CouldIask_you_a_favour?Wouldyougothroughthepapersforme?Ihopeyoucando_me_a_favour.YouknowIamalwaysin_favour_ofyou.AndIthinkdoingsuchthingsisin_your_favour.考點(diǎn)7pretendv．假裝[教材原句]Pretendingtobearepairmantogetintothehouseofafilmstarandtakepicturesofherdailylife.假扮成一個(gè)修理工人進(jìn)入一個(gè)電影明星家里，對(duì)她的日常生活拍照。pretendtobe假裝是……pretendtodosth.假裝做某事pretendtobedoingsth.假裝正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth.假裝做過某事pretendthat...假裝Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,sayingnothingabouttheargument.莎拉假裝很快樂，未對(duì)爭(zhēng)辯發(fā)表什么意見。Hepretendednottoseemewhenhepassedbyme.當(dāng)他經(jīng)過我時(shí)，他假裝沒有觀察我。Theboypretendedtobereadingwhentheteachercamein.老師進(jìn)來時(shí)，那個(gè)男孩假裝正在讀書。Hepretendednottohaveheardaboutit.他假裝沒聽過這件事。完成句子①她假裝不熟悉我。Shepretendedthatshe_didn't_know_me.②邁克假裝已經(jīng)讀過了那本書。Mikepretendedto_have_read_the_book.③瑪麗佯稱有病作為借口。Marypretendedto_be_illasanexcuse.④那位教授并不自命為科學(xué)家。Theprofessordoesnotpretendto_be_a_scientist.⑤她是真哭還是假哭呢？Isshereallycrying_or_pretending?考點(diǎn)8hirevt.租用，雇用[教材原句]Hiringahelicoptertotakepicturesofthefilmstar'sbighousefromtheair.租用一架直升機(jī)從空中給電影明星的大房子拍照。Let'shireacarfortheweekend,shallwe?我們租輛車過周末，好嗎？Butwhowouldhirehimandwhatcouldhedo?但是誰會(huì)聘用他，他又會(huì)做什么呢？(1)hiresth.out(to)把某物出租(給)hiresb.todosth.聘用某人做某事hireoneself(out)to受雇于(2)hiren.租用，雇用on/forhire可供出租beonhirefrom從……處租用Thisisalittlepanythathiresboatsouttotourists.這是一家向游客出租游船的小公司。JackhiredhimselftoanITpany.杰克受雇于一家信息技術(shù)公司。Thecraneisonhirefromaconstructionpany.吊車是從一家建筑公司租來的。[辨析比擬]hire多指短期租用物品、車船等，也可指按工作量或時(shí)間雇用人手employ多指商店或公司長期雇用人手rent多指長期租借房屋、地產(chǎn)等，也可指租用其他物品選詞填空：hire,employ,rent①Ourpanyemployedabout100workers.②Nick'sbeenrentinghishouseforfiveyearsnow,andhecan'taffordtobuy.③I'dliketohireacleanertocleanmyhousethisweekend.考點(diǎn)9respectvt.敬重；敬重n．敬重，敬意；細(xì)節(jié)，方面[教材原句]Themediashouldrespectfamouspeople'sprivacy.媒體應(yīng)當(dāng)敬重名人的隱私。Thechildmustbetaughttorespectthetruthandtotellthetruth.應(yīng)當(dāng)教孩子敬重事實(shí)、講實(shí)話。(1)respectsb.forsth.因某事而敬重某人respectsb.as敬重某人為……(2)show/haverespectforsb.敬重某人withrespect敬重地withrespectto＝inrespectof關(guān)于，就……而言inthis/thatrespect在這/那一方面Shehasalwaysbeenhonestwithme,andIrespectherforthis.她對(duì)我始終很真誠，我特別敬重她這一點(diǎn)。Weshouldshowrespectforourparents.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)敬重父母。Ican'tagreewithyouropinioninthisrespect.在這方面我不贊同你的意見。完成句子①Wearetaughttoshow_respect_for(對(duì)……表示敬重)theelders.②Thisistruewith_respect_to(就……而言)EnglishbutnottoFrench.③Werespected_him_as(尊他為)anexpertin_this_respect(這方面),buthedisappointedus.考點(diǎn)10certainadj.某種，某些；確定的[教材原句]Theclassicadvertisementisonethatgivesinformationaboutfindingcertainproducts.傳統(tǒng)的廣告只為找到某種產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)信息。(1)某一，某些(作定語)Itremainsacertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueofhisinvention.人們對(duì)他的創(chuàng)造的有用價(jià)值還存在某種疑慮。ForcertainpersonalreasonsIshallnotbeabletoattendthemeeting.由于某些個(gè)人的緣由，我將不能出席會(huì)議。(2)確定的，確信的，確定的，無疑的(作表語)I'mnotabsolutelycertain,butIthinkI'mright.我不是特別確定，但我想我是對(duì)的。Internetratesseemcertaintorisenextmonth.看起來利率下個(gè)月確定會(huì)上升。becertainof/about確信，深信becertaintodosth.必定/肯定做某事becertainthat...確定/確信……benotcertainwhether...不能確定是否……forcertain確定地，確鑿地makecertainof/that...把……弄清晰，確保，保證Itis/wascertainthat...確定……Let'smakecertainthatwe'llgetseats.我們要設(shè)法確保大家都有位子坐。Itiscertainthathewillagree.＝Heiscertaintoagree.他確定會(huì)同意。[名師點(diǎn)津]certain和sure作“確定的，確信的，對(duì)……有把握的〞講時(shí)，意思相同；除It'scertainthat...句型中用certain不用sure外，其他搭配也相同。1．選詞填空：certain,sure①Heissuretobebacksoon.②Itisnotcertainwhenitwilltakeplace.2．句型轉(zhuǎn)換③Theyarecertainthattheywillsucceed.→Theyarecertaintosucceed.→Theyarecertainofsuccess.→Itiscertainthatthey'llsucceed.→They'llsucceedforcertain.④Forsomereason,hedidn'tetothemeetingyesterday.→Foracertainreason,_hedidn'tetothemeetingyesterday.考點(diǎn)11suitableadj.適宜的[教材原句]However，thiskindofadvertisingmightnotbesuitablewhenthereareproductsandservicesindirectpetitionwitheachotherinthemarketplace.然而，當(dāng)產(chǎn)品和效勞在市場(chǎng)上相互進(jìn)行直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，這種廣告可能就不適合了。OurEnglishteacherusesuitableandvariedteachingmethodsaccordingtoourEnglishlevel.我們的英語老師依據(jù)我們的英語水平采納了多種適當(dāng)?shù)慕虒W(xué)方法。(1)besuitablefor/to適合于besuitabletodosth.適合做某事(2)suitvt.(使)適合suit...to...使……適合于……besuitedfor/to適合于besuitedtodosth.適合做某事Thisbook,writteninsimpleEnglish,issuitableforbeginners.這本書是用簡(jiǎn)潔的英語寫的，適合于初學(xué)者。Thatsongdoesn'tsuithervoice.那首歌不適合她的嗓子。Hesuitedhisspeechtotheaudience.他使自己的演說適合聽眾的口味。1．句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Thisplaceissuitabletorelaxyourself.→Thisplaceissuitedtorelaxyourself.2．完成句子②他不適合干這種工作。Hewasn'tsuitable/suited_for/tothejob.③除了價(jià)格，這外套的顏色也不適合我。Besidestheprice,thecolorofthecoatdoesn'tsuit_me.考點(diǎn)12consistof由……組成[教材原句]Someadvertisementsconsistofpicturesorthewordsofexpertstoshowpeoplehowgoodtheproductsare.有些廣告中含有圖片或?qū)＜艺f的話，告知人們?cè)摦a(chǎn)品如何好。Aweekconsistsofsevendays.一周由七天組成。(1)consistinsth.在于……，存在于……consistwith與……全都(2)consistentadj.前后全都的；相符的beconsistentin在……方面全都beconsistentwith與……全都；符合Happinessconsistsinhealth.幸福在于健康。Thepolitician'sactionsdonotconsistwiththepromiseshemadeinhisspeeches.這個(gè)政治家的所作所為與他在演講中的承諾并不全都。[名師點(diǎn)津]consistof和bemadeupof都表示“由……組成〞，前者用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，后者用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1．句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Ourclassismadeupof50students.→Ourclassconsistsof50students.②Hissuccessconsistsinhisdiligence.→Hissuccessisconsistentinhisdiligence.2．完成句子③人的一生將會(huì)由幸福與哀痛組成。Alifewillconsist_of/be_made_up_ofhappinessandsorrow.④這座城市的美在于它獨(dú)特的建筑風(fēng)格。Thebeautyofthecityconsists_intheuniquestyleofitsbuildings.⑤這項(xiàng)證據(jù)與你從前所說的不全都。Theevidencedoesnotconsist_withwhatyousaidearlier.考點(diǎn)13standout突出，惹眼[教材原句]Modernadvertisementsmuststandoutinaworldfullofpetitionbybiningthehigheststandardsofdesignwithideaslinkedtotheproductstomakethemmoreattractive.現(xiàn)代的廣告必需把最高水平的設(shè)計(jì)和產(chǎn)品理念相結(jié)合，以增加吸引力，這樣才能在劇烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中勝出。Theredprintstandsoutverywell.紅體字特別醒目。Shestandsoutasthebestintheclass.她是全班最杰出的同學(xué)。(1)standby袖手旁觀；支持，忠于standfor是……的縮寫；代表，象征standup起立，站立；耐/抗得住(2)outstandingadj.杰出的，出眾的I'llstandbyyouwhateverhappens.無論發(fā)生什么事情我都會(huì)支持你。Thisplantcanstandupwelltothecold.這種植物能耐寒冷。用stand短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①UNstands_fortheUnitedNations.②Allthestudentsstood_upwhentheteacherenteredtheclassroom.③Hisheightmakeshimstand_outinthecrowd.④Therewereseveralpeoplestanding_bywhentheaccidenthappened.考點(diǎn)14approachn．方法，方式v．走近，接近；與……接洽[教材原句]Formanyoftoday'sadvertisers,repeatingoldideasisnotasuccessfulapproach.對(duì)于今日很多的廣告人來說，重復(fù)那些已經(jīng)過時(shí)的理念不是一種勝利的途徑。Thetimeisapproachingwhenwemustthinkaboutbuyinganewhouse.是時(shí)候想一想買新居子的事了。(1)theapproachto...……的入口，……的方法withtheapproachof...隨著……的接近makeanapproachtosth.對(duì)……進(jìn)行探討makeanapproachtosb.接近某人，與某人接洽與某人接洽/商議?/交涉某事Withtheapproachofwinter,theweatherbecamecolder.隨著冬天的接近，天氣變得更冷了。Don'tmakeapproachestothatfellow.不要接近那個(gè)家伙。Iapproachedhimaboutfillingthemanager'sjob.我找他商議?，問他有無意思擔(dān)當(dāng)經(jīng)理。1．單句語法填空①Silentlyweapproached(approach)theenemy'scamp.②Theyhadtoworkintemperaturesapproaching(approach)35℃.③Alltheapproachestothepalacewereguardedbytroops.④Maryapproachedmefor/aboutthedresssheworeattheparty.2．完成句子⑤Heapproached_me_about_borrowing(找我借)somemoney.⑥Areyougoodatmaking_approaches_to(與……打交道)strangers?考點(diǎn)15contributionn．捐款，捐助，奉獻(xiàn)；促成[教材原句]Somecontemporaryadvertisementsmainlyaimtomakecontributionstosociety.目前有些廣告致力于為社會(huì)做奉獻(xiàn)。Igiveaten-dollarcontributiontothechurcheverySunday.我每個(gè)星期天捐10美元給教會(huì)。(1)makecontributionsto為……作奉獻(xiàn)(2)contributev.捐獻(xiàn)，捐款，奉獻(xiàn)；有助于；促成；投稿contributeto有助于；促成；投稿contribute...to...向……捐款/供應(yīng)……Aproperamountofexercisecontributestogoodhealth.適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)量有助于健康。Thedoctormakesagreatcontributiontotheresearch.這位醫(yī)生對(duì)這項(xiàng)討論作出了巨大的奉獻(xiàn)。Hecontributed5,000dollarstothedisaster-hitareas.他給災(zāi)區(qū)捐了5000美元。[語境串記]HehascontributedanarticletoChinaDaily,sayingthatmanyChinesepeopleinmainlandarecontributingtheirmoneytotyphoon-hitareasinTaiwan,whichwillcontributetoabetterunderstandingbetweentwoparts.他向?中國日?qǐng)?bào)?投稿說，大陸很多人向臺(tái)灣受臺(tái)風(fēng)攻擊的災(zāi)區(qū)捐款，這將有助于兩地人民更好地相互理解。完成句子①宋朝為世界文明奉獻(xiàn)出三大創(chuàng)造。TheSongDynastycontributed_three_great_inventions_toworldcivilization.②吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺癌嗎？Doessmokingcontribute_tolungcancer?③全部給紅十字會(huì)的捐獻(xiàn)，不管數(shù)量多少，我們都將特別感謝。All_contributions_totheRedCross,howeversmall,willbegreatlyappreciated.1．It_is_likely_to_bejustthenameofapany,partofwhichmaybeagenerallocation.它很可能只是一個(gè)公司的名稱，其中可能含有公司的大致位置。句中l(wèi)ikely是形容詞，表示“很可能的〞。likely的常用句型有：(1)belikelytodosth.可能做某事(2)Itislikelythat...可能……Arewelikelytoarriveintime?我們可能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)嗎？—Isitlikelythatthetrainwillbelate?—No,it'snotverylikely.——火車有可能會(huì)晚點(diǎn)嗎？——不，好似不太可能。Heislikelytoattendthemeeting.＝Itislikelythathewillattendthemeeting.他可能會(huì)出席會(huì)議。[名師點(diǎn)津]likely常與very,most連用，表示“很，特別〞，加強(qiáng)語氣。likely的反義詞是unlikely。Mostlikelytheladyisinhersixties.這位女士很有可能60多歲了。[辨析比擬]易混詞語氣強(qiáng)弱主語常用句型likely語氣較possible強(qiáng)，較probable弱作表語時(shí)，主語為人、物或形式主語itbelikelytodosth.Ibable語氣最強(qiáng)作表語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語一般為that引導(dǎo)的從句Itisprobablethat...possible語氣最弱作表語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語一般為不定式或that引導(dǎo)的從句Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.Itispossiblethat...[語境串記]Itispossiblebutnotprobablethatitwillrainbeforeevening.黃昏前可能下雨，但不見得會(huì)下。一句多譯他可能會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)競(jìng)賽。①It's_likely_that_he_will_win_the_game.②He_is_likely_to_win_the_game.③It's_possible_for_him_to_win_the_game.④It's_possible/probable_that_he_will_win_the_game.2．However,not_alladvertisingisaboutsellingproductsandservicesforaprofit.然而，并非全部的廣告都是為謀求利潤而銷售產(chǎn)品和效勞的。(1)局部否認(rèn)：句中notall...(＝all...not)為局部否認(rèn)，意為“并非都……〞。英語中的不定代詞all,both,each,every,everybody,everything和形容詞或副詞often,usually,plete,pletely,always,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等具有總括意義的詞與否認(rèn)詞not連用時(shí)，構(gòu)成局部否認(rèn)，表示“不都，并非都〞的意思。OurEnglishteacherisexcellent,butshecan'thelpeveryoneintheclassin50minutes.我們的英語老師特別優(yōu)秀，但她不能在50分鐘內(nèi)關(guān)心每一個(gè)人。Therichmenarenotalwayshappy.有錢的人并非總是幸福的。(2)全部否認(rèn)：不定代詞no,none,nobody,nothing,neither,noone和否認(rèn)副詞或短語never,nowhere,nomore,nolonger等與確定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成全部否認(rèn)。Noneofthebooksareusefultousforthemoment.這些書對(duì)我們臨時(shí)都沒用。NeitherofthemcanspeakEnglish.他們倆都不會(huì)講英語。1．句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Bothofyouhaven'tpassedtheexam.(改為全部否認(rèn))→Neitherofyouhaspassedtheexam.②Noneofuswasallowedtogothere.(改為局部否認(rèn))→Allofuswerenotallowedtogothere.2．完成句子③并非這兩個(gè)同學(xué)都寵愛這個(gè)故事。Both_of_the_studentsdon'tlikethestory.④這兩個(gè)同學(xué)都不寵愛這個(gè)故事。NeitherofthestudentsNeitherofthestudentslikesthestory.動(dòng)名詞[語法初識(shí)]原句感知自主探究①...buyingacarcanmakeyoufree.②Itisnogoodlearningatheorywithoutpractice.③Otherstrytocreateadvertisementsthatpeoplesimplyenjoylookingat.④Theclassicadvertisementisonethatgivesinformationaboutfindingcertainproducts.⑤...alotofmoneyisspendingonapplyingmoderntechniquesofdesigntomaketheseadvertisementsasvisuallyattractiveaspossible.⑥Hishobbyiswatchingfootballgames.⑦Forexample,itcouldbe“ShanghaiSewingMachine〞...(1)句①和句②均為動(dòng)名詞作主語，只不過句②先用it作形式主語，真正主語動(dòng)名詞短語后置。(2)句③、句④和句⑤均是動(dòng)名詞作賓語，只是句③中動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞賓語，句④和句⑤中動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語。(3)句⑥中動(dòng)名詞作表語；句⑦中動(dòng)名詞作定語，說明被修飾名詞的用途。[語法剖析]一、動(dòng)名詞的定義動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的另一種非謂語形式。動(dòng)名詞具出名詞和動(dòng)詞的特征。具出名詞的特征主要反映在它在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語和賓語等；具有動(dòng)詞的特征主要反映在它可以帶賓語，也可以受到狀語的修飾。動(dòng)名詞和賓語或狀語構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語。二、動(dòng)名詞的根本形式動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同。動(dòng)名詞具有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，現(xiàn)以learn為例列表如下：主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式learningbeinglearned完成式havinglearnedhavingbeenlearned1.動(dòng)名詞的一般式結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)用doing;被動(dòng)用beingdone動(dòng)名詞的一般式可以表示沒有時(shí)間先后的動(dòng)作，即沒有明確過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作；也可以表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前的動(dòng)作；有時(shí)還可指發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后的動(dòng)作。Goingtobedearlyandrisingearlyisagoodhabit.早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。(沒有明確的時(shí)間)Idon'trememberevermeetingyousomewhere.我不記得原來在什么地方見過你。(發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前)Doctorsadvisegivingupsmoking.醫(yī)生建議戒煙。(發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后)Iappreciatebeinggiventhisopportunity.我很感謝給了我這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)。2．動(dòng)名詞的完成式：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)用havingdone;被動(dòng)用havingbeendoneTheoldmanthankedmeforhavinghelpedhimfindhisrelative'shouse.那位老漢感謝我?guī)退业接H戚的家。Idon'trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.我不記得曾被賜予做這件事的時(shí)機(jī)。3．動(dòng)名詞的否認(rèn)式：由“not＋動(dòng)名詞〞構(gòu)成。Sheregrettednotlisteningtoyou,whichcausedthismistake.她懊悔沒有聽你的話，導(dǎo)致了這一錯(cuò)誤。Hisnothavingdonehishomeworkmadehisteacherveryangry.他沒有完成作業(yè)使老師很生氣。1－1.單句語法填空①Thechildrencouldn'thelplaughing(laugh)whentheyheardthefunnystory.②Thankyouforhaving_given_(give)mesomuchhelp.③Sheregrettednot_having_seen(notsee)thefilm.④I'mtiredofbeing_treated(treat)likeachild.1－2.完成句子①Hedoesn'tlikehislittledogbeing_shut_in_the_house(被關(guān)在屋里)．②Mycellphonewantsrepairing/to_be_repaired(修理)．③Isthemovieworth_seeing(值得看)?④Sheapologizedfornot_having_helped_me(沒有關(guān)心我)．三、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能動(dòng)名詞具出名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。1．作主語Plantingmanytreesisverygoodforourenvironment.植樹對(duì)我們的環(huán)境特別有好處。Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffer.在這種條件下工作不是開心而是苦痛。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)在Itisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile/awasteoftime/fundoingsth.句型中，用it作形式主語，后面的動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語。It'snogoodarguingwithhim.與他爭(zhēng)辯是沒有好處的。(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語泛指常常性的動(dòng)作，而不定式多表示特指的、一次性的、詳細(xì)的動(dòng)作。Beinginvitedtothepalaceballmadeherexcited.被邀請(qǐng)參與宮廷舞會(huì)使得她特別興奮。Tobeinvitedtothepalaceballwouldbeexciting.受邀參與宮廷舞會(huì)將是令人興奮的事。2．作賓語(1)作動(dòng)詞賓語Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意翻開窗子嗎？Isuggestsettingoffatonce.我建議馬上動(dòng)身。[名師點(diǎn)津]接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有：防止錯(cuò)過少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise,finish,practise)寵愛想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can'thelp)成認(rèn)否認(rèn)與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)躲避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)Let'spractisesingingthissong.咱們來練習(xí)唱這首歌。Manypeopleenjoysunbathingonthebeachinsummer.夏季，很多人寵愛在沙灘上享受日光浴。Isuggestdoingitinanotherway.我建議用另一種方法做這件事。(2)作介詞賓語Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他堅(jiān)持要依據(jù)自己的方法做。Ihaveneverdreamedofvisitingthatplace.我從未幻想過要參觀那個(gè)地方。[名師點(diǎn)津]接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的常見介詞搭配有：getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事devoteoneselftodoingsth.獻(xiàn)身于做某事getdowntodoingsth.開頭做某事lookforwardtodoingsth.期望做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事Idon'tthinkweshouldputoffhavingthemeeting.我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)推遲開那個(gè)會(huì)議。Wewereusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.我們以前習(xí)慣早起。ProfessorWangdevoteshislifetoprotectinganimals.王教授為愛護(hù)動(dòng)物奉獻(xiàn)一生。(3)有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后跟動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以，但意思不同。這樣的動(dòng)詞常見的有：forget,regret,try,mean,stop,goon等。IrememberbeingtakentotheSummerPalacetoday.今日我還記得被帶去頤和園的情景。(已去過)Pleaseremembertoeandplaywithmeagainsomeday.請(qǐng)記住以后有時(shí)間再來玩。(還沒來)HowIregretnotacceptinghissuggestions.我多么懊悔沒有接受他的建議呀。Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailed.很圓滿告知你，你失敗了。(4)以下動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedone。Yourhairdeservescutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。Thebikeneedsrepairing.＝Thebikeneedstoberepaired.這輛自行車需要修一下。3．作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語通常是對(duì)主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋。這時(shí)主語和表語位置可以互換。Myjobislookingafterthechildren.我的工作是看這些孩子。WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.＝BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.我最恨的就是被別人稱贊。4．作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語一般表示所修飾名詞的用途。Thereisalargeswimmingpoolinthegarden.花園里邊有一個(gè)大的游泳池。Thewritingtableismadeofexpensivewood.＝Thetableforwritingismadeofexpensivewood.這張寫字臺(tái)是珍貴木材做的。[名師點(diǎn)津]動(dòng)名詞作定語通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途，其間不存在規(guī)律上的主謂關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著規(guī)律上的主謂關(guān)系；過去分詞作定語與所修飾的名詞在規(guī)律上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系；不定式作定語常表示將來動(dòng)作。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.中國是一個(gè)開展中國家。Thedevelopedcountriesalsoneedhelpfromothercountriesintheworld.興旺國家也需要世界上其他國家的關(guān)心。Ihavemanyletterstoprint.我有很多信件要打印。①再等他是沒有用的。It'snousewaiting_for_him_any_longer.②網(wǎng)上談天是鋪張時(shí)間。It'sawasteoftimechatting_on_line.③雖然這件事情很值得做，但目前還不需要做。Whilethismatteris_well_worth_doing,_butitdoesn't_need_doing/to_be_doneatthemoment.④我希望著出國旅游。Ilookforwardtogoing_abroad_to_travel.四、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)假設(shè)動(dòng)名詞有自己的規(guī)律主語，這便構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其規(guī)律主語一般由名詞、物主代詞、名詞全部格或人稱代詞的賓格來充當(dāng)。在口語中，物主代詞和名詞全部格可分別由人稱代詞的賓格和名詞的通格代替。Doyoumindmy/meopeningthedoor?你介意我翻開門嗎？Ican'timagineMary's/Marymarryingsuchaman.我無法想象瑪麗竟然嫁給了這么一個(gè)人。[名師點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，其規(guī)律主語只用全部格或物主代詞表示。Thestudents'knowingEnglishwellwillhelpthemtolearnFrench.同學(xué)學(xué)好英語對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)法語有關(guān)心。①瑪麗的遲到使老師很生氣。Mary's_ing_latemadetheteacherangry.②我擔(dān)憂的是你轉(zhuǎn)變辦法。Myworryisyour_changing_your_mind.③我不在乎他走。Idon'tmindhis/him_going.④你聽見開門聲了嗎？Doyouhearthesoundofthe_door_being_opened?[應(yīng)用實(shí)戰(zhàn)]一、鏈接高考單句語法填空1．(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillincludeintroducing(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengdu...2．(新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedaboutbeing(be)lateforschool...3．(浙江高考)Hearing(hear)howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.4．(江蘇高考)Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeing_reduced(reduce)toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.5．(北京高考)Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandcorrecting(correct)them.6．(福建高考)ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrombeing_attacked(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.7．(上海高考)It'snouseplaining(plain)withouttakinganyaction.二、針對(duì)演練Ⅰ.指出以下句子中動(dòng)名詞的用法1．Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork？介詞賓語2．Seeingisbelieving.主語和表語3．Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.主語4．Iwasmetbyawelingpartyattheairport.定語5．I'mlookingforwardtoseeinghimagain.介詞賓語6．Swimmingafterworkisveryrelaxing.主語和表語7．Ican'timagineeverleavingthispany.賓語8．Itisnousearguing_with_himaboutsuchamatter.主語Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Henarrowlyescapedbeing_run(run)over.2．Hisarmwasnotinasling,andshowednosignofhaving_been_damaged(damage)．3．Excusemeformyinterrupting(interrupt)you.4