2011-2022年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試真題和答案（英語(yǔ)一）

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2022年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試

英語(yǔ)（一）

（科目代碼：201）

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SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootinthe

early2000s；theterm44plantneurobiologynwasaroundthenotionthat

someaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe?tointelligenceinanimals.3

plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleaves

nonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat4consciousness,researcherspreviously

reported.

Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiology

iscomplexandfascinating,butit￡sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthat

so-called6ofplants'intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.

Beginningin2006,somescientistshaveJ7thatplantspossess

neuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,8"a

plantnervoussystem,9tothatinanimals,MsaidleadstudyauthorLincoln

Taiz.MThey10claimedthatplantshave4brain-likecommandcenters,at

theirroottips.”

This11makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,

12ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses；cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethrough

electricalsignals.13,thesignalinginaplantisonly14similartothe

firinginacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthat

communicatebyelectricity,“Taizsaid.

44Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold15ofcomplexity

andcapacityisrequired/'he16.uSinceplantsdon'thavenervous

systems,the17thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.n

Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan'trunaway

from18,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich19athreatand

canfeelpainwouldbeavery20evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothe

article.

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.1.（共15頁(yè)）

1.A.coinedB.discoveredC.collectedD.issued

2.A.attributedB.directedC.comparedD.confined

3.A.UnlessB.WhenC.OnceD.Though

4.A.copedwithB.consistedofC.hintedatD.extendedin

5.A.suffersB.benefitsC.developsD.differs

6.A.acceptanceB.evidenceC.cultivationD.creation

7.A.doubtedB.deniedC.arguedD.requested

8.A.adaptingB.formingC.repairingD.testing

9.A.analogousB.essentialC.suitableD.sensitive

10.A.justB.everC.stillD.even

11.A.restrictionB.experimentC.perspectiveD.demand

12.A.attachingB.reducingC.returningD.exposing

13.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise

14.A.temporarilyB.literallyC.superficiallyD.imaginarily

15.A.listB.levelC.labelD.local

16.A.recalledB.agreedC.questionedD.added

17.A.chancesB.risksC.excusesD.assumptions

18.A.dangerB.failureC.warningD.control

19.A.representsB.includesC.revealsD.recognizes

20.A.humbleB.poorC.practicalD.easy

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosing

A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.2.（共15頁(yè)）

Text1

Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shopping

bags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMariana

Trench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsome

plasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They“weep"out

additives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesfor

institutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.

Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying：earlyradios,avant-garde

sculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.

Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticart

didn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,a

polymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesatthe

CulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."It'slikebakingacake：Ifyou

don'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,Mshesays.uTheobjectyoumakeis

alreadyatimebomb.”

Andsometimes,it'snottheartist'sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartist

PieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Those

piecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen

unaturecarpetsM-largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,

andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—which

meanttheyhadtobedurable.

Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It's

especiallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi's

pumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museums

lockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.

SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi,ssculptures.

Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencalls

thosechemicalsMsunscreensnbecausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlight

damageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptures

haveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.

DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten,s,preservationofplasticswilllikely

getharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplastics,

designedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.

Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,an

assistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScience

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.3.（共15頁(yè)）

andTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesof

humanhistory—StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon—afterexaminingartifactsin

museums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecideto

collecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowin

thefuturewe'llbeseen.M

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin.

A.maintainingtheirplasticitems

B.obtainingdurableplasticartifacts

C.handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits

D.classifyingtheirplasticcollections

22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare.

A.immunetodecay

B.improperlyshaped

C.inherentlyflawed

D.complexinstructure

23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto.

A.keepthemfromhurtingvisitors

B.duplicatethemforfuturedisplay

C.havetheiringredientsanalyzed

D.preventthemfromfurtherdamage

24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis.

A.costly

B.unworthy

C.unpopular

D.challenging

25.InFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts.

A.willinspirefuturescientificresearch

B.hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance

C.willhelpusseparatethematerialages

D.hasanimpactontoday'sculturallife

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.4.（共15頁(yè)）

Text2

Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformand

weighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purpose

andvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderasthey

startthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.

Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,

youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.As

degreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongera

securerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKarein

non-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongsttheOECD

countries.

Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstress

thatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallis

notaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.

Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZ

seekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteachers

tendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseenthe

advantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemore

committedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingthe

advantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.

Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywell

bethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledge

orskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmore

andmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.

ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21；they

willneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.

Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,the

wishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17different

employersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.

Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartof

GenerationZ'scareertrajectory.

Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonal

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.5.（共15頁(yè)）

tense：41amageographer'or41amaciassist'.Theirsonsordaughterswould

neversaysuchathing；it'sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'tdefine

theminthesameway.

26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould

A.becarefulinchoosingacollege

B.bediligentateacheducationalstage

C.reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation

D.postponetheirundergraduateapplication

27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflects.

A.MillenniaPsopinionsaboutwork

B.theshrinkingvalueofadegree

C.publicdiscontentwitheducation

D.thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility

28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat.

A.GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree

B.schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers

C.employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees

D.parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation

29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould__.

A.makeanearlydecisionontheircareer

B.attendonthejobtrainingprograms

C.teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates

D.furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield

30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.

B.Theywillmakequalifiededucators.

C.Degreeswillnolongerappealtothem.

D.Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.6.（共15頁(yè)）

Text3

Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.Theseweresomeofthewords

thatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperiencesofart-sciencecollaborations

inaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%

oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaidtheyhad

collaboratedwithartists；andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoin

future.

Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasingly

seekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences.

“Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnections

thatenhancelearning,nonerespondentsaid.

Oneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthesenses

camelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworked

versionofAntonioVivaldi'sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-

oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason-provided

byMonashUniversity'sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.The

performancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember'sUnitedNations

ClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.

Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.Fewerartiststhan

scientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll；however,severalrespondentsnotedthat

artistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Nor

shouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremost

valuablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areableto

jointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother'swork.Suchanapproachcanboth

promptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.

Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

openeditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleof

technologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaround

light—hencethe4visualstudies,inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatboth

artistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisof

collaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-

disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleading

researcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.

Nature'spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,to

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.7.（共15頁(yè)）

makeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurprise

andchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessary

purposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipantsmustnotfallintothetrapof

stereotypingeachother.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryand

invention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.

31.Accordingtoparagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave.

A.caughttheattentionofcritics

B.receivedfavorableresponses

C.promotedacademicpublishing

D.sparkedheatedpublicdisputes

32.ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat

A.artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience

B.sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions

C.publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture

D.artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations

33.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership.

A.theirrolemaybeunderestimated

B.theirreputationmaybeimpaired

C.theircreativitymaybeinhibited

D.theirworkmaybemisguided

34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?

A.Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.

B.Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.

C.Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.

D.Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.

35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations.

A.arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations

B.willintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition

C.shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience

D.arebecomingmorepopularthanbefore

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.8.（共15頁(yè)）

Text4

ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand'sEmploymentRelations

Act2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgood

cause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcause

andactinaprocedurallyfairway.

Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinary

workersfromunjustifieddismissals^.Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawof

contractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitrary*conductby

management.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployee

contractualnotice.

Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighly

paidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswill

attest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersis

ahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.Thedifference

betweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetween

businesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersor

losingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.

Consequentlyandparadoxicallylawsintroducedtoprotectthejobs

ofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.

Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlaws

constrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunderperformingmanagers,thoselaws

actasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers?wages.Indeed,

in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand'sProductivityParadox”

(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerial

capabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.

Norarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedby

theERA'Sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlaws

makeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiring

newstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.

Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemployment

arrangementgoingwrong.

Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjob

dismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperboth

prosperityandoverallwellbeing.

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.9.（共15頁(yè)）

AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissal

paradoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-income

thresholdnfromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a

2016privatemembers*Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeesto

contractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanisms

proposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangein

governmentlaterthatyear.

36.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto

A.punishdubiouscorporatepractices

B.improvetraditionalhiringprocedures

C.exemptemployersfromcertainduties

D.protecttherightsofordinaryworkers

37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thattheprovisionsmay.

A.hinderbusinessdevelopment

B.underminemanagers'authority

C.affectthepublicimageofthefirms

D.worsenlabor-managementrelations

38.WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldtheProductivityCommission

support?

A.Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.

B.Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws.

C.Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.

D.Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.

39.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA'Sunjustifieddismissalprocedures?

A.Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.

B.Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.

C.Societyseesariseinoverallwellbeing.

D.Employersneedtohirenewstaff.

40.Itcanbeinferredthattheuhigh-incomethreshold"inAustralia.

A.hassecuredmanagers,earnings

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.10.（共15頁(yè)）

B.hasproducedundesiredresults

C.isbeneficialtobusinessowners

D.isdifficulttoputintopractice

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingcommentsonanarticletitled“TheCaseAgainstZoosMby

EmmaMarrisandalistofstatementssummarizingthecomments.Choosethe

beststatementfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedname(41—45).Thereare

twoextrachoiceswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(41)TeriByrd

Iwasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears.Boththewildlifeparkand

zooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservation

purposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinany

contributionstoanimalresearchorconservation.Theyareprofitableinstitutions

whosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.

Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyouuenhancen

enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequateexercise.

Animalsendupstressedandunhealthyordead.It'spasttimefortransparency

withtheseinstitutions,andit'spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.

(42)KarenR.Sime

Asazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbe

sadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.

Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisits

werethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiological

sciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotravel

towildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshows

canhelpstirchildren'sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacethe

excitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.

Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoos'treatmentofanimals

withtheireducationalpotential.

(43)GregNewberry

EmmaMarris'sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsof

passionate,dedicatedpeoplewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimals

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.11.（共15頁(yè)）

andprotectourplanet.Sheusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplesto

underminethenoblemissionoforganizationscommittedtoconnectingchildrento

aworldbeyondtheirown.

Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprove

howtheycareforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Are

theretragedies?Ofcourse.Buttheyaretheexception,notthenormthatMs.

Marrisimplies.Adistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgoodorbettertreatment

thanmostofusatourlocalhospital.

(44)DeanGallea

Asafellowenvironmentalist,animal-protectionadvocateandlongtime

vegetarian,IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMamsontheissueof

zoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoos,andtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheir

captivity,doserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotforopportunitiestoobserve

thesebeautiful,wildcreaturesclosetohome,manymorepeoplewouldbedriven

bytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekout,disturbandevenhuntthem

down.

Zoosare,inthatsense,similartonaturalhistoryandarchaeologymuseums,

servingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthe

vastmajorityundisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments.

(45)JohnFraser

EmmaMairisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofour

research.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeople

thinkaboutthemselvesandnature,andthedatapointsextractedfromourstudies

donot,inanyway,discountwhatislearnedinazoovisit.

Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthe

valueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovidea

criticalvoiceforconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordan

opportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounterarangeofanimals9

fromdronebeestospringbokorsalmon,tobetterunderstandthenaturalworld

welivein.

A.Zoos,whichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimals,shouldnotbesubjectedto

unfaircriticism.

B.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadtoinhumane

outcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.

C.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificantrolein

英語(yǔ)（一）試題.12.（共15頁(yè)）

startingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.

D.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlife

conservation.

E.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosoffer

thebestalternative.

F.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymakingover

animals'wellbeing.

G.Marrisdistortsourfindings,whichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasan

indispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Between1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainand

Portugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmany

differentplanes：betweenNapoleon'sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants；

betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor'sdifficulties,andthe

marshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck；betweennewforcesof

scienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.(46)Itwasalso,

andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod,abattle

betweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.

IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenI

wasreadingSirCharlesOman'sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeV

hehadattachedanappendix,“TheScovellCiphers/*(47)Itlistedmany

documentsincodethalhadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,and

whosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell,anofficerin

BriUshheadquarters.OmanratedScovell'ssignificancehighly,but