詞匯題及推理題想想

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解——

唐遲By

"Ellen

Spero

isn't

biting

her

nails

just

yet"

(line

1,

paragraph1),theauthormeans

.How

do

the

public

feel

about

the

current

economicsituation?When

mentioning"the

$4

million

to$10

million

range"

(lines2~3,paragraph3)theauthoristalkingabout

.Why

can

many

people

see

"silver

linings"

to

theeconomicshowdown?To

which

of

the

following

is

the

author

likely

to

agree?By

"Ellen

Spero

isn't

biting

her

nails

just

yet"

(line

1,

paragraph

1),

theauthormeans

.Spero

can

hardly

maintain

her

businessSpero

is

too

much

engaged

in

her

workSpero

has

grown

out

of

her

bad

habitSpero

is

not

in

a

desperate

situationWhen

it

comes

to

the

slowing

economy,

Ellen

Spero

isn't

biting

her

nails

just

yet.But

the

47-year-old

manicurist

isn't

cutting,

filling

or

polishing

as

many

nails

asshe'd

like

to,

either.

Most

of

her

clients

spend

$12

to

$50

weekly,

but

last

monthtwo

longtime

customers

suddenly

stopped

showing

up.

Spero

blames

the

softening

economy.

"I'm

a

good

economic

indicator,"

she

says,

"I

provide

a

servicethat

people

can

do

without

when

they're

concerned

about

saving

some

dollars."

So

Spero

is

downscaling,

shopping

at

middle-brow

Dillard's

department

store

nearher

suburban

Cleveland

home,

instead

of

Neiman

Marcus.

"I

don't

know

if

otherclients

are

going

to

abandon

me,

too,"

she

says.When

it

comes

to

the

slowing

economy,

Ellen

Spero

isn't

biting

her

nails

just

yet.But

the

47-year-old

manicurist

isn't

cutting,

filling

or

polishing

as

many

nails

asshe'd

like

to,either.

Most

ofher

clients

spend

$12

to

$50

weekly,

but

last

monthtwo

longtime

customers

suddenly

stopped

showing

up.

Spero

blamesthe

softening

economy.

"I'm

a

good

economic

indicator,"

she

says,

"I

providea

service

that

people

can

do

without

when

they're

concerned

about

saving

somedollars."

So

Spero

is

downscaling,

shopping

at

middle-brow

Dillard'sdepartment

store

near

her

suburban

Cleveland

home,

instead

of

Neiman

Marcus.

"I

don't

know

if

other

clients

are

going

to

abandon

me,

too,"

she

says.By

"Ellen

Spero

isn't

biting

her

nails

just

yet"

(line

1,

paragraph

1),

theauthormeans

.Spero

can

hardly

maintain

her

businessSpero

is

too

much

engaged

in

her

workSpero

has

grown

out

of

her

bad

habitSpero

is

not

in

a

desperate

situationWhen

it

comes

to

the

slowing

economy,

Ellen

Spero

isn't

biting

her

nails

just

yet.But

the

47-year-old

manicurist

isn't

cutting,

filling

or

polishing

as

many

nails

as

she'd

like

to,

either.

Most

of

her

clients

spend

$12

to

$50

weekly,

but

last

monthtwo

longtime

customers

suddenly

stopped

showing

up.

Spero

blames

thesoftening

economy.

"I'm

a

good

economic

indicator,"

she

says,

"I

provide

a

servicethat

people

can

do

without

when

they're

concerned

about

saving

some

dollars."

So

Spero

is

downscaling,

shopping

at

middle-brow

Dillard's

department

store

near

her

suburban

Cleveland

home,

instead

of

Neiman

Marcus.

"I

don't

know

ifother

clients

are

going

to

abandon

me,

too,"

she

says.1、邏輯關(guān)系2、除表面意思外，提煉出不斷重復(fù)的內(nèi)容52.

How

do

the

public

feel

about

the

current

economic

situation?[A]

Optimistic. [B]

Confused. [C]

Carefree. [D]

Panicked.Even

before

Alan

Greenspan's

admission

that

America's

red-hot

economy

iscooling,

lots

of

working

folks

had

already

seen

signs

of

the

slowdown

themselves.From

car

dealerships

to

Gap

outlets,

sales

have

been

lagging

for

months

asshoppers

temper

their

spending.

For

retailers,

who

last

year

took

in

24

percent

oftheir

revenue

between

Thanksgiving

and

Christmas,

the

cautious

approach

iscoming

at

a

crucial

time.

Already,

experts

say,

holiday

sales

are

off

7

percent

fromlast

year's

pace.

But

don't

sound

any

alarms

just

yet.

Consumers

seem

only

concerned,

not

panicked,

and

many

say

they

remain

optimistic

about

the

economy's

long-term

prospectseven

as

they

do

some

modest

belt-tightening.52.

How

do

the

public

feel

about

the

current

economic

situation?[A]

Optimistic. [B]

Confused. [C]

Carefree. [D]

Panicked.Consumers

say

they're

not

in

despair

because,

despite

the

dreadful

headlines,

their

own

fortunes

still

feel

prettygood.

Homeprices

are

holding

steady

in

most

regions.

In

Manhattan,

"there's

anew

gold

rushhappening

in

the

$4

million

to

$10

million

range,

predominantly

fed

by

Wall

Streetbonuses,"

says

broker

Barbara

Corcoran.

In

San

Francisco,

prices

are

still

rising

even

asfrenzied

overbidding

quiets.

"Instead

of

20

to

30

offers,

now

maybe

you

only

get

two

orthree,"

says

John

Tealdi,a

Bay

Area

real-estatebroker.

And

most

folks

still

feelprettycomfortable

abouttheir

ability

to

find

and

keep

a

job.跨段提示——段落之間有聯(lián)系53.

When

mentioning

"the

$4

million

to

$10

million

range"

(lines

2~3,

paragraph

3)

theauthoristalkingabout

.[A]

gold

market [B]realestate [C]stock

exchange [D]

venture

investmentConsumers

say

they're

not

in

despair

because,

despite

the

dreadful

headlines,

their

ownfortunes

still

feel

pretty

good.

Home

prices

are

holding

steady

in

most

regions.In

Manhattan,

"there's

a

newgold

rushhappeningin

the

$4

millionto$10millionrange,predominantly

fedby

Wall

Streetbonuses,"saysbroker

Barbara

Corcoran.

In

San

Francisco,

prices

are

still

rising

even

asfrenzied

overbidding

quiets.

"Instead

of

20

to

30

offers,

now

maybe

youonly

get

two

or

three,"

says

John

Tealdi,

aBay

Areareal-estate

broker.And

most

folks

still

feel

pretty

comfortable

about

their

ability

to

find

andkeep

a

job.Why

can

manypeople

see

"silverlinings"

to

the

economicshowdown?They

would

benefitin

certainways.The

stock

marketshows

signs

of

recovery.Such

aslowdownusually

precedes

a

boom.Thepurchasingpower

would

beenhanced.Many

folks

see

silver

linings

to

thisslowdown.Potential

home

buyers

would

cheer

for

lowerinterest

rates.

Employers

wouldn't

mind

alittlefewer

bubbles

in

thejob

market.

Manyconsumers

seem

to

have

been

influencedbystock-market

swings,

which

investorsnow

view

as

a

necessary

ingredient

to

a

sustainedboom.

Diners

mightsee

an

upside,too.Getting

a

table

at

Manhattan's

hot

new

AlainDucasse

restaurant

need

to

be

impossible.

Notanymore.

Forthat,

Greenspan

&

Co.

may

stillbeworth

toasting.最佳答案有概括性00-5

If

ambition

is

to

be

well

regarded,

the

rewards

of

ambition

—wealth,

distinction,

control

over

one's

destiny

—

must

be

deemed

worthyof

the

sacrifices

made

on

ambition'sbehalf.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif

.its

returns

well

compensatefor

the

sacrificesit

is

rewarded

with

money,

fame

and

power詞匯題1、標(biāo)志：“？？？”（Line.paragraph

）

most

probably

means詞匯題1、標(biāo)志：“？？？”（Line.paragraph

）

most

probably

means2、方法：通過(guò)定位好的句子，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系找同義詞或反義詞3、干擾選項(xiàng)特征：字面意思理解歷年真題回顧60.

Theword"pervasive"(line1,paragraph2)mightmean

.[A]

widespread [B]

overwhelming [C]

piercing [D]

fashionable97-3

We

live

in

a

society

in

which

the

medicinal

and

social

use

ofsubstances

(drugs)

is

pervasive

:

an

aspirin

to

quiet

a

headache,some

wine

to

be

sociable,

coffee

to

get

going

in

the

morning,

acigarette

for

thenerves.97-5

69.

The

sentence

"This

is

no

flash

in

the

pan"

(line

4,paragraph3)meansthat

.the

low

inflation

rate

will

last

for

some

timethe

inflation

rate

will

soon

risethe

inflation

will

disappear

quicklythere

is

no

inflation

at

presentThis

is

no

flash

in

the

pan

;

over

the

past

couple

of

years,

inflationhas

been

consistently

lower

than

expected

in

Britain

and

America.97-551.

Thethirdsentence

ofparagraph1impliesthat

.people

would

be

happy

if

they

shuttheir

eyesto

realitythe

blind

could

be

happier

than

thesightedover-excited

people

tend

to

neglectvital

thingsfascination

makes

people

lose

their

eyesightFew

creations

of

big

technology

capture

theimaginationlikegiant

dams.

Perhaps

it

is

humankind's

long

suffering

at

themercy

of

flood

and

drought

that

makes

the

ideal

of

forcing

thewaters

to

do

our

bidding

so

fascinating.

But

to

befascinated

is

also,

sometimes,

to

be

blind.

Several

giant

dam

projectsthreaten

to

do

more

harm

than

good.02-247.

Theword"gizmos"(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

.[A]

programs [B]

experts [C]

devices [D]

creaturesAs

a

result,

the

modern

world

is

increasingly

populated

by

intelligentgizmoswhose

presence

we

barely

notice

but

whose

universal

existence

has

removedmuch

human

labor.

Our

factories

hum

to

the

rhythm

of

robot

assembly

arms.Our

banking

is

done

at

automated

teller

terminals

that

thank

us

withmechanical

politeness

for

the

transaction.

Our

subway

trains

are

controlled

bytireless

robo-drivers.

And

thanks

to

the

continual

miniaturization

of

electronicsand

micro-mechanics,

there

are

already

robot

systems

that

can

perform

somekinds

of

brain

and

bone

surgery

with

submillimeter

accuracy

—

far

greaterprecision

than

highly

skilled

physicians

can

achieve

with

their

hands

alone.03-1

43.

The

phrase

"making

the

biggest

splash"

(line

1,

paragraph

3)most

probablymeans

.causing

the

biggest

troubleexerting

the

greatest

effortachieving

the

greatest

successenjoying

the

widest

popularitymaking

the

biggest

splashAmong

the

firms in

this

new

world

is

Straitford,Inc.,

a

private

intelligence-analysis

firm

based

in

Austin,

Texas.

Straitfordmakes

money

by

selling

the

results

of

spying

(covering

nations

from

Chile

toRussia)

to

corporations

like

energy-services

firm

McDermott

International.04-1

43.

The

expression

"tip

service"

(line

3,

paragraph

3)

most

probably

means

.[A]

advisory [B]

compensation [C]

interaction [D]

reminderFor

any

job

search,

you

should

start

with

a

narrow

concept

—

what

you

think

you

want

to

do—

thenbroaden

it.

"Noneof

theseprograms

do

that,"says

anotherexpert."There's

no

career

counseling

implicit

in

all

of

this.

"

Instead,

thebest

strategytip

serviceis

to

usethe

agent

asa

kindof to

keep

abreast

of

jobs

in

aparticular

database;

when

you

get

E-mail,

consider

it

a

reminder

to

check

the

database

again. "I

would

not

rely

on

agentsfor

findingeverythingthatis

added

to

a

databasethat

might

interest

me,"

saysthe

author

of

a

job-searching

guide.詞匯題1、標(biāo)志：“？？？”（Line.paragraph

）

most

probably

means2、方法：通過(guò)定位好的句子，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系找同義詞或反義詞3、干擾選項(xiàng)特征：字面意思理解Which

of

the

following

is

true

according

to

paragraph

1?The

writer's

experiment

shows

that

downshifting

."Juggling

one's

life"

probably

means

living

a

lifecharacterizedby

.According

to

the

passage,

downshifting

emerged

in

theUSasaresult

of

.2001

passage5When

I

decided

to

quit

my

full

timeemployment

it

never

occurred

to

methat

I

might

e

a

part

of

a

newinternational

trend.

A

lateral

movethat

hurt

my

pride

and

blocked

myprofessional

progress

prompted

meto

abandon

my

relatively

high

profilecareer

although,

in

the

manner

of

adisgraced

government

minister,

Icovered

my

exit

by

claiming

"Iwanted

to

spend

more

time

with

myfamily".Which

of

the

following

is

trueaccording

to

paragraph

1?Full-time

employment

is

a

newinternational

trend.The

writer

was

compelled

bycircumstances

to

leave

her

job."A

lateral

move"

means

steppingout

of

full-time

employment.The

writer

was

only

too

eager

tospend

more

time

with

her

family.Curiously,

some

two-and-a-halfyears

and

two

novels

later,

myexperiment

in

what

the

Americansterm

"downshifting"

has

turned

mytired

excuse

into

an

absolute

reality.

Ihave

been

transformed

from

apassionate

advocate

of

thephilosophy

of

"have

it

all",

preachedby

Linda

Kelsey

for

the

past

sevenyears

in

the

pages

of

she

magazine,into

a

woman

who

is

happy

to

settlefor

a

bit

of

everything.The

writer's

experimentshows

that

downshifting

.enables

her

to

realizeher

dreamhelps

her

mold

a

newphilosophy

of

lifeprompts

her

toabandon

her

high

socialstatusleads

her

to

accept

thedoctrine

of

She

magazineI

have

discovered,

as

perhaps

Kelsey

willafter

her

much-publicized

resignation

from

the

editorship

of

She

after

a

build-up

of

stress,that

abandoning

the

doctrine

of

"juggling

your

life",

and

making

the

alternative

moveinto

"downshifting"

brings

with

it

far

greaterrewards

than

financial

success

and

socialstatus.

Nothing

could

persuade

me

to

return

to

the

kind

of

life

Kelsey

used

to

advocate

andI

once

enjoyed:

12-hour

working

days,pressured

deadlines,

the

fearful

strain

of

office

politics

and

the

limitations

of

being

aparent

on

"quality

time"."Juggling

one's

life"probably

means

living

a

lifecharacterizedby

.non-materialisticlifestylea

bit

of

everythingextreme

stressanti-consumerismIn

America,

the

move

away

from

juggling

to

asimpler,

less

materialistic

lifestyle

is

a

well-established

trend.

Downshifting

—

also

known

inAmerica

as

"voluntary

simplicity"

—

has,

ironically,even

bred

a

new

area

of

what

might

be

termedanti-consumerism.

There

are

a

number

ofbestselling

downshifting

self-help

books

forpeople

who

want

to

simplify

their

lives;

there

arenewsletters,

such

as

The

Tightwad

Gazette,

thatgive

hundreds

of

thousands

of

Americans

usefultips

on

anything

from

recycling

their

cling-film

tomaking

their

own

soap;

there

are

even

supportgroups

for

those

who

want

to

achieve

the

mid-'90s

equivalent

of

dropping

out.70.

According

to

thepassage,

downshiftingemerged

in

the

US

as

aresultof

.the

quick

pace

ofmodern

lifeman's

adventurousspiritman's

search

formythical

experiencesthe

economic

situationWhile

in

America

the

trend

started

as

areaction

to

the

economic

decline

—

after

themass

redundancies

caused

by

downsizing

in

thelate

'80s

—

and

is

still

linked

to

the

politics

ofthrift,

in

Britain,

at

least

among

the

middle

classdownshifters

of

my

acquaintance,

we

havedifferent

reasons

for

seeking

to

simplify

our

lives.For

the

women

of

my

generation

who

wereurged

to

keep

juggling

through

the

'80s,downshifting

in

the

mid-'90s

is

not

so

much

asearch

for

the

mythical

good

life

—

growing

yourown

organic

vegetables,

and

risking

turning

intoone

—

as

a

personal

recognition

of

yourlimitations.70.

According

to

thepassage,

downshiftingemerged

in

the

US

as

aresultof

.the

quick

pace

ofmodern

lifeman's

adventurousspiritman's

search

formythical

experiencesthe

economic

situation考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解——

唐遲2003

Text3According

to

those

who

support

mergers

railway

monopoly

isunlikelybecause

.What

is

many

captive

shippers'

attitude

towards

the

consolidationin

the

rail

industry?It

can

be

inferred

from

paragraph

3

that

.The

word

"arbiters"

(line

6,

paragraph

4)

most

probably

refers

tothose

.According

to

the

text,

the

cost

increase

in

the

rail

industry

is

mainlycausedby

.Stratford-on-Avon,

as

we

all

know,

hasonly

one

industry-WilliamShakespeare-but

there

are

two

distinctly

separate

andincreasingly

hostile

branches.

There

is

theRoyal

Shakespeare

Company

（RSC）,which

presents

superb

productions

of

theplays

at

the

Shakespeare

MemorialTheatre

on

the

Avon.

And

there

are

thetownsfolk

who

largely

live

off

the

touristswho

come,

not

to

see

the

plays,

but

tolook

at

Anne

Hathaway’s

Cottage,Shakespeare’s

birthplace

and

the

othersights.The

worthy

residents

ofStratford

doubt

that

the

theatreadds

a

penny

to

their

revenue.They

frankly

dislike

the

RSC’sactors,

them

with

their

long

hairand

beards

and

sandals

andnoisiness.It’s

alldeliciouslyironic

when

you

consider

thatShakespeare,

who

earns

theirliving,

was

himself

an

actor（with

a

beard）

and

did

hisshare

of

noise

-

making.26.

From

the

first

twoparagraphs,

we

learn

thatthe

townsfolk

deny

theRSC‘s

contribution

to

the

town’srevenuethe

actors

of

the

RSC

imitateShakespeare

on

and

off

stagethe

two

branches

of

the

RSCare

not

on

good

termsthe

townsfolk

earn

littlefrom

tourismThe

tourist

streams

are

not

entirely

separate.The

sightseers

who

come

by

bus-

and

oftentake

in

Warwick

Castle

and

Blenheim

Palace

onthe

side–

don’t

usually

see

the

plays,

and

someof

them

are

even

surprised

to

find

a

theatre

inStratford.

However,

the

playgoers

do

managea

little

sight

-

seeing

along

with

their

play-going.

It

is

the

playgoers,

the

RSC

contends,who

bring

in

much

of

the

town’s

revenuebecause

they

spend

the

night

（some

of

themfour

or

five

nights）

pouring

cash

into

thehotels

and

restaurants.

The

sightseers

can

takein

everything

and

get

out

of

town

by

nightfall.It

can

be

inferred

fromParagragh

3

thatthe

sightseers

cannot

visit

the

Castle

and

the

Palaceseparatelythe

playgoers

spendmore

money

than

thesightseersthe

sightseers

do

moreshopping

than

the

playgoersthe

playgoers

go

to

noother

places

in

town

than

thetheaterThe

townsfolk

don’t

see

it

this

wayand

local

council

does

not

contributedirectly

to

the

subsidy

of

the

RoyalShakespeare

Company.

Stratford

criespoor

traditionally.

Nevertheless

everyhotel

in

town

seems

to

be

adding

a

newwing

or

cocktail

lounge.

Hilton

isbuilding

its

own

hotel

there，

which

you

may

be

sure

will

be

decorated

withHamlet

Hamburger

Bars,

the

LearLounge,

the

Banquo

Banqueting

Room,and

so

forth,

and

will

be

very

expensive.By

saying

“Stratford

criespoor

traditionally”（Line

2-3,Paragraph

4）,

the

authorimplies

thatStratford

cannot

afford

theexpansion

projectsStratford

has

long

beenin

financial

difficultiesthe

town

is

not

reallyshort

of

moneythe

townsfolk

used

to

bepoorly

paidAnyway,

the

townsfolk

can’tunderstand

why

the

RoyalShakespeare

Company

needs

asubsidy.

（The

theatre

has

brokenattendance

records

for

three

years

ina

row.

Last

year

its

1,431

seats

were94

per

cent

occupied

all

year

long

andthis

year

they’ll

do

better.）

Thereason,

of

course,

is

that

costs

haverocketed

and

ticket

prices

have

stayed

low.According

to

the

townsfolk,the

RSC

deserves

no

subsidybecauseticket

prices

can

be

raisedto

cover

the

spendingthe

company

is

financiallyill-managedthe

behavior

of

the

actorsis

not

socially

acceptablethe

theatre

attendance

ison

the

riseIt

would

be

a

shame

to

raise

prices

toomuch

because

it

would

drive

away

theyoung

people

who

are

Stratford’s

mostattractive

clientele.

They

come

entirely

forthe

plays,

not

the

sights.

They

all

seem

tolook

alike

（though

they

come

from

allover）–lean,

pointed,

dedicated

faces,wearing

jeans

and

sandals,

eating

theirbuns

and

bedding

down

for

the

night

on

the

flagstones

outside

the

theatre

to

buy

the20

seats

and

80

standing-room

tickets

heldfor

the

sleepers

and

sold

to

them

when

thebox

office

opens

at

10:30

a.m.30.

From

the

text

we

canconclude

that

the

authoris

supportive

ofboth

sidesfavors

thetownsfolk’s

viewtakes

a

detachedattitudeis

sympathetic

tothe

RSC推理判斷題：1、標(biāo)志：infer，learn

from，imply，

suggest

，conclude2、方法：1）同義改寫2）邏輯取反——

細(xì)節(jié)/主旨/邏輯——

推理多在轉(zhuǎn)折處歷年真題回顧04-2

47.

What

can

we

infer

from

the

first

three

paragraphs?In

both

East

and

West,

names

are

essential

to

success.The

alphabet

is

to

blame

for

the

failure

of

Zo?

Zysman.Customers

often

pay

a

lot

of

attention

to

companies'

names.Some

form

of

discrimination

is

too

subtle

to

recognize.1段Over

the

past

century,all

kinds

of

unfairness

and

discrimination

havebeen

condemned

or

made

illegal.

But

one

insidious

form

continues

tothrive:

alphabetism.

This,for

those

as

yet

unaware

of

such

a

disadvantage,refers

to

discrimination

against

those

whose

surnames

begin

with

a

letterin

the

lower

half

of

the

alphabet.2段It

has

long

been

known

that

a

taxi

firm

called

AAAA

cars…….A

and

K.3段Thus

the

American

president

and

vice-president

have

surnamesstarting

with

B

and

C

respectively;and

26……97-2

56.

It

could

be

inferred

from

the

last

paragraph

that

.culture

exercises

an

influence

over

social

interrelationshipcourteous

convention

and

individual

interest

are

interrelatedvarious

virtues

manifest

themselves

exclusively

among

friendssocial

interrelationships

equal

the

complex

set

of

cultural

conventionsAs

is

true

of

any

developed

society,

in

America

a

complex

set

of

cultural

signals,

assumptions,

and

conventions

underlies

allsocial

interrelationships.

And,

of

course,

speaking

a

language

does

not

necessarily

meanthat

someone

understands

social

andcultural

patterns.

Visitors

who

fail

to"translate"cultural

meanings

properly

often

draw

wrong

conclusions.

For

example,

when

anAmerican

usesthe

word"friend",

the

cultural

implications

of

the

word

may

be

quitedifferent

from

those

it

has

in

the

visitor's

language

and

culture.It

takes

more

than

abrief

encounter

onabustodistinguish

between

courteous

convention

and

individualinterest.

Yet,

being

friendly

is

avirtue

that

many

Americans

valuehighly

and

expectfrom

both

neighbors

and

strangers.99-3

61.

It

could

be

inferred

from

the

passage

that

in

the

author's

country

theEuropean

model

of

professional

training

is

.dependent

upon

the

starting

age

of

candidatesworth

trying

in

various

social

sectionsof

little

practical

valueattractive

to

every

kind

of

professionalThere

are

some

good

arguments

for

a

technical

education

given

the

right

kind

of

student.

Many

European

schools

introduce

the

concept

of

professionaltraining

early

on

in

order

to

make

sure

children

are

properly

equipped

for

theprofessions

they

want

to

join.

It

is,

however,

presumptuous

to

insist

that

therewill

only

be

so

many

jobs

for

so

many

scientists,

so

many

businessmen,

so

manyaccountants.

Besides,

this