新牛津高中英語M3U2Grammarandusage

Unit2Unit2NaturaldisastersToexploretherulesofto-infinitivesasattributivesandadverbialsofresultToapplytherulesTopracticetherulesHewantstogohome.Tomhopestovisithisteacher.Irememberedtolockthedoor,butforgottoturnoffthelights.Myfriendadvisedmetogiveupsmoking.Heallowedmetoleavealittleearlier.Togetupontime,heturnedonthealarmclock.Doctorsworkedthroughthenighttosavetheinjured.He

wants

togohome.Tom

hopes

tovisithisteacher.I

remembered

tolockthedoor,butforgot

toturnoffthelights.Myfriend

advised

me

togiveupsmoking.He

allowed

me

toleavealittleearlier.Togetup

ontime,he

turnedon

thealarmclock.Doctors

workedthroughthenighttosavetheinjured.主語謂語動詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語目的狀語1.Leadin動詞不定式只能做賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和目的狀語嗎？Sheisalwaysthefirstperson

tocomeandthelastpersontoleave.Ihavethreeletters

topostthisafternoon.Heneedsomething

toeat.Heneedsapen

towritewith.Iwenttothebankonlytofinditwasclosed.Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.Iwasfortunateenoughtogettheticket.Janesangsowellastocomeoutfirstinthesingingcompetition.后置定語后置定語后置狀語結(jié)果狀語Annaisinterviewingherteacher,Mr.Li,abouthisexperiencesduringahurricane.Findthesentenceswithto-infinitivesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstoneshavebeendoneforyou.A12.ExploringtherulesTo-infinitiveasattributivesTo-infinitiveasadverbialsofresultIwasstayinginAtlanta,andthatwasoneofthecitiestobehit.Thatmorning,IturnedontheTVforsomelocalnews,onlytohearthatahurricanewasonitsway.Theroadswereblocked,sotherewasnothingformetodobutstayinside.Ihadenoughfoodandwatertolastawholeweek!Whenthewindandrainstopped,Ilookedoutofthewindow,onlytoseehugetreeslyingacrossthestreetandwatereverywhere!動詞不定式短語做定語動詞不定式短語做結(jié)果狀語runoutof,supply,donate等重要詞語用法參考知識清單25-27.WorkingouttherulesWhentheto-infinitiveisusedasanattributive,itisoftenput______(before/after)thenounorpronounitmodifies.Whentheto-infinitiveisusedasanadverbialofresult,itcanrefertoan______________(expected/unexpected)result.Inthiscase,weoftenuseonlybeforetheto-infinitive.afterunexpectedA2v.修飾動詞不定式做定語和結(jié)果狀語需要注意什么？動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語，一般置于被修飾的名詞后面，與名詞之間常有一定的邏輯關(guān)系。具體如下：1.名詞或代詞為動詞不定式的邏輯主語。如：Wendywasthefirststudent

toarriveatschool.2.名詞或代詞為不定式的邏輯賓語。如：Ihaveameeting

toattend.

如果不定式是不及物動詞，需要加介詞才能與名詞之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。如：Thisisagoodtopic

totalkabout.Ineedapen

towritewith.3.名詞與不定式是同位語關(guān)系。如：Whohastheability

todothework?Sheexpressedawish

tomakeachange.Theydon’thavethechance

tocarryouttheirstrategyinthisregion.Theyaretryingtofindoutaway

tohelpthevillagesgetridofpoverty.常接不定式作定語的名詞有：ability,ambition,chance,wish,attempt,decision,moment,need,plan,promise,reason,time,way,courage,opportunity等。4.動詞不定式作定語，有被動形式。如：Thehouse

tobebuilttherewillbealibrary.Hewasthefirstperson

tobeawardedsuchaprize.Shemadealistofthepeople

tobeinvited.5.當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級及thenext,theonly,thelast等限定時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語。Shewasthefirstwoman

towinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.Sheistheonlyperson

tobeadmittedtothecommittee.

動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語，常見于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語1.在too…to…(太……而不能)結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示反面結(jié)果，如：It’snevertoolatetolearn.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2.在…enoughto…(足夠……以至于……)結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Iwasfortunateenough

togettheticket.Idon’tknowhimwellenough

toaskhimforhelp.Shewasnotstrongenough

totravel.3.在neverto…（再也不了）結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：He

left

home,

never

to

return.Sheleft,never

tobeseenagain.4.在onlyto…結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式常表示沒有預(yù)料到的結(jié)果。如：Ihurriedtothestation,only

tofindthetraingone.Irushedtothedestination,only

tofindhimnotthere.Hereturnedafterthewar,only

tobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.5.在so…asto…結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Janesangsowellas

tocomeoutfirstinthesingingcompetition.Thedogsaresofierceas

tofrightenawaythedeer.Whocouldbeso

mean(adj.刻薄的)astodoathinglikethat?6.在such+名詞+asto…結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Wearenotsuchfoolsas

tobelievehim.Shewon’tbesuch

acarelessperson

as

toforgettolockthedoor.Matchthefirsthalfofthesentencesbelowwiththecorrectto-infinitives.Writethelettersintheblanks.Thentrytounderstandthefunctionsoftheto-infinitives.B13.Applyingtherules1.Iwenttotheannualearthquakeworkshop2.Theauthoritiestoldthelocalpeople 3.Theyarrivedattheairport4.Beforewereturnedhome,theflooddamageneeded5.Thiswasthelastcityatobeclearedofpeoplebeforethevolcanoerupted.btoberepaired.ctostayinsidewhenthetyphoonarrived.donlytofindtheflighthadbeencancelledduetothesnowstorm.etolearnsomesafetytips.e

c

d

ba

1.Iwenttotheannualearthquakeworkshoptolearnsomesafetytips.2.Theauthoritiestoldthelocalpeopletostayinsidewhenthetyphoonarrived.

3.Theyarrivedattheairportonlytofindtheflighthadbeencancelledduetothesnowstorm.4.Beforewereturnedhome,theflooddamageneededtoberepaired.5.Thiswasthelastcitytobeclearedofpeoplebeforethevolcanoerupted.adverbial

目的狀語objectcomplement賓語補(bǔ)足語adverbial

結(jié)果狀語object賓語attributive定語tofindbooksabouthurricanesBelowisAnna’sto-dolistfromyesterdayafternoon.Completethediaryentrybelowusingto-infinitives.B2Thisafternoon,Iwenttotheschoollibrary______________________________.At3p.m.,IarrivedatMrLi’soffice,only__________________________.Justthen,IsawanotefromMr.Liontheofficedoorsayinghewasinthemeetingroom.tofindhewasnotin/outIwentthereandwetalkedabouthisexperiencesduringastronghurricane.MrLidescribedthehurricaneingreatdetail.Healsomentionedacharityeventtoraisefundsforthedisasterarea.Ourinterviewendedat3:50p.m.becauseMrLihadastaffmeeting___________________at4p.m.NextIwentthroughmynotesofMr.Li’sexperiencesat5p.m.Iwenttotheschoolcomputerroom_____________________________.toattendtomakePPTslidesformyprojectstaffn.(全體員工)，可接單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。amemberofstaff/astaffmember一名員工astaffof10/5010/50名員工JimistalkingtohisfriendJulieabouthisexperienceaftertheearthquake.Inpairs,completetheconversationbelowusingto-infinitives.B3Julie:Iheardtheearthquakeinyourcitywasterrible.Didyoumovetoasafeplace?Jim:Yes.Myneighborhood_____________________________.Peoplefromotherneighborhoodsfollowedlater.wasactuallythefirsttoleaveJulie:Isittruethattheemergencyservicesprovidedeveryonewithsleepingbags?Jim:Yes.Theydidthis___________________________________.Julie:Didyoumisshome?tomakesureeveryonehadaplacetosleepJim:Yes,Idid.I__________________________________,butIhadtowaitthreeweeksbeforeitwassafetogoback.hadnothingtodobutmisshomeJulie:Whatdidyourhomelooklikewhenyoureturned?Jim:Icamehome___________________________________.Nothingwasleftinonepiece.onlytofindthateverythinghadchangedJulie:I’msorrytohearthat.Didtheauthoritiesgiveyouanyadvice?Jim:Yes.They__________________________________.encouragedustorebuildourhomesPracticemakesperfect1.判斷不定式在下列句子中作何成分

1.Iwenttotheannualearthquakeworkshoptolearnsomesafetytips.2.Theauthoritiestoldthelocalpeopletostayinsidewhenthetyphoonarrived.3.Theyarrivedattheairportonlytofindtheflighthadbeencancelledduetothesnowstorm.4.Beforewereturnedhome,theflooddamageneededtoberepaired.5.Thiswasthelastcitytobeclearedofpeoplebeforethevolcanoerupted.目的狀語賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)果狀語賓語定語

2.用所給單詞的正確形式填空Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry________(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.(2020全國卷I)…itmeanswehavethechance___________(obtain)informationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.(2020全國卷I)Lambandmotherreunited,Iturnedbacktothetractoronly_________(see)itmovesuddenlyawayfromme.(2020浙江)tolandtoobtaintosee

4.Thechildrenallturned_________(look)atthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.5.Passengersarepermitted_________(carry)onepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.6.Theremaybeanopportunityforyou________(see)thepremier.tolooktocarrytosee7.Thekidshadbeenpracticinghardfortheparty,only__________(tell)itwascanceled.8.Thenewbuilding_______________(complete)nextyearwillbeacitymuseum.tobetoldtobecompleted3.根據(jù)漢語意思提示完成下列句子

升級練習(xí)

1.不要逃避問題，要想成功，你得學(xué)會應(yīng)對難題。Don'tavoidtheproblem._________,youhavetorisetothedifficulties.2.我匆忙趕到家，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的家具都被洪水沖走了。Ihurriedhome,_______________________hadbeenwashedawaybytheflood.3.這箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不動。Thisboxistooheavy___________________.Tosucceedonlytofindallmyfurnitureformetomoveit4.按要求改寫下列句子

升級練習(xí)

1.Wecannotstopnaturaldisastersbutwecanarmourselveswithknowledge.Inthisway,wecanmakefullpreparationsfordisasters.(用不定式作狀語)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wecannotstopnaturaldisastersbutwecanarmourselveswithknowledge

(soas)tomakefullpreparationsfordisasters.2.Thekidswereverycalm.Theycanprotectthemselvesduringtheearthquake.(用不定式作狀語)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thekidswerecalmenoughtoprotectthemselvesduringtheearthquake.

3.Followthepropersafetyproceduressothatyoucanprotectyourselffromatyphoon.(用不定式作狀語)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Youshouldprepareatleastthreedaysoffoodanddrinkingwater.(用不定式作定語)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Toprotectyourselffromatyphoon,followthepropersafetyprocedures.Youshouldpreparefoodanddrinkingwatertolastatleastthreedays.動詞不定式用作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語及狀語的補(bǔ)充(復(fù)習(xí)初中所學(xué))主動式被動式一般式進(jìn)行式完成式一般式完成式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)

4.Ittookyearsofwork___________(reduce)theindustrialpollution.5.Thekidshadbeenpracticinghardfortheparty,only__________(tell)itwascancelled.6.Thenewbuilding_______________(complete)nextyearwillbeacitymuseum.toreducetobetoldtobecompleted1.作賓語決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝主動答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請求幫一幫decide/determine,learn,want,wouldlike/love,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,prefer,pretendoffer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help(2)在某些動詞如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式賓語，然后加賓語補(bǔ)足語，最后加不定式作真正的賓語。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.

我們認(rèn)為保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。2.作賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)在很多動詞后都可以用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remin