人教英語(yǔ)Unit4UsingLanguage定語(yǔ)從句

TheAttributiveClause(1)定語(yǔ)從句(1)—關(guān)系代詞Unit4Grammar6/30/2023Revision

Allthestudentsarenothere.

Everythingisnotgood.

Bothofthemarenotstudents.Noneofthestudentsishere.Nothingisgood.Neitherofthemisastudent.Attribute(定語(yǔ))1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.Sheisabeautifulgirl.修飾；限定honestourtelephone找出下列句中的定語(yǔ)。beautifulyour

Thepositionsoftheattribute:

（定語(yǔ)的位置）1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.Sheisagirlwithlonghair.3.Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.通常情況下，單個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的前面，短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的后面。起修飾限定的作用，譯作“……的”(美麗的)(長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)的)(美麗的)

DreamsHoldfasttodreams,Forifdreamsdie,Lifeisabroken-wingedbirdThatcanneverfly.(再也不能飛翔的鳥(niǎo))Holdfasttodreams,Forwhendreamsgo,LifeisabarrenfieldThatcann’tgrow.(再也不能生長(zhǎng)的土地)

夢(mèng)想緊緊抓住夢(mèng)想不放，因?yàn)槿绻麎?mèng)想消逝，人生便如折了翅膀的鳥(niǎo)兒再也不能飛翔。緊緊抓住夢(mèng)想不放，因?yàn)閴?mèng)想一旦幻滅，人生就是荒涼的土地，草木不長(zhǎng)。

ReadingapoemHarryPotterisaboy.HarryPotterhasascaronhisforehead.HarryPotterisaboywhohasascaronhisforehead.TalorSwiftisafamoussinger.Shesingsthesonglovestory.TalorSwiftisafamoussingerwhosingsthesonglovestory. Nanchangisacity. Nanchangisdevelopingfast. Nanchangisacitywhichis developingfast.在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句（句意：“……的”）作用相當(dāng)于形容詞被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“先行詞”。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫“關(guān)系詞”。HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定語(yǔ)從句先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系副詞:where﹑when﹑why定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞：who、whom、whose、which、that定語(yǔ)從句的位置定語(yǔ)從句通常放在被修飾詞之后。e.g.Thisis

thecar

whichheboughtlastyear.先行詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞(antecedent)(relativepronoun)(theattributiveclause)結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+定語(yǔ)從句(關(guān)系詞……)1.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2.代替先行詞。3.在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系詞的三個(gè)作用:確定關(guān)系代詞的步驟1.先找先行詞，2.看先行詞指的是人還是物。3.看關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。定語(yǔ)從句三要素1.先行詞:(名詞/代詞/句子)2.位置：跟在先行詞之后3.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且在從句充當(dāng)句子成分：(主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ))人:who/whom/whose/that物:which/that1.The

nurse

iskind.

2.The

nurse

looksaftermysister.

Thenurse

who/thatlooksaftermysister

iskind.照顧我妹妹的那個(gè)護(hù)士很友善。合并下列句子

照顧我妹妹的(作主語(yǔ))1.ThegirlisfromAmerica.2.Icalledherjustnow.

Thegirl(whom/that/who)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.我剛才叫的那個(gè)女孩來(lái)自美國(guó)。我剛才叫的(作賓語(yǔ))1.Heisreadingabook.2.ItsnameisGonewiththeWind.

HeisreadingabookwhosenameisGonewiththeWind

.他正在看一本名叫《飄》的書(shū)。名叫《飄》的(作定語(yǔ))1.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.2.Ihaveseenthefilm.

They’retalkingaboutthefilm

(which/that)I’veseen.他們正在討論我看過(guò)的那部電影。我看過(guò)的(作賓語(yǔ))例

1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主語(yǔ))例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(賓語(yǔ),可省略)例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主語(yǔ))例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(賓語(yǔ),可省略)關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：指人指物subject(主語(yǔ))object(賓語(yǔ))attribute（定語(yǔ)）whomwhowhichthatwhose√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√何時(shí)可以省略？做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略Areyouclearnow?

OK.Let’sdosomeexercise!基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)1.Isthatthehouse____youboughtlastyear?A.whereB.which2.Isthatthepicture___youarelaughingat?

A.whichB.where3.Itisthemostinterestingbook___I’veeverread.A.whichB.thatBBA4..Theperson___findsmywatchwillgetareward.A.whoB.when5.Thisistheroom__welistenedtothelecture.A.whichB.whereAB6.Theboy___motherisillcannotcometotheparty.A.whoB.whoseB3.Thehouse____________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.

Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,that,whichorwhose1.Theearthquake___________hitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople____________losttheirhomesin1906earthquakethat/whichthat/who

which/that

6.Harryistheboy________motherisourmathsteacher.4.Ahouse____________isbuiltonsandmayfalldowninaearthquake.

5.Luckilynoneofthepeople______________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.which/thatwho/whom/thatwhoseIamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.

先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)。2.先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,few,little,much等修飾時(shí)。NOTE

一、

that和which,that和who一般情況都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用that而不用which。1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanything_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatChoosethebestanswers:3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.thatThisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。4.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)。5.當(dāng)先行詞是who,which,或主句是以這些詞開(kāi)頭時(shí)。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?2.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it1.Whichisthebook

youboughtlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.whoD.which

6.先行詞有兩個(gè)，既有人也有物時(shí)，也只能用that。

Weweretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings

thatwesawinourschool.7.主句以therebe引導(dǎo)時(shí)。

Therearemorethan400,000people

that

diedorwereinjuredintheearthquake.二用which，不用that1.在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中。2.在介詞之后（物用which，人用whom).3.有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)從句關(guān)系代詞已用了that，另一個(gè)宜用which.ThisisthepaperthatIreadeverydayandwhichIfindsointeresting.4.當(dāng)先行詞本身是that.Thepredicateisthatwhichissaidofthesubject.Thebook______coverisredismine.

A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatB關(guān)系代詞表示先行詞的所屬關(guān)系，指人和物時(shí)都用whose,可理解為“……的”whose+n.=then.ofwhich/whom=Thebookthecoveronwhichisredismine.當(dāng)先行詞是those,she,he,they,one,ones,anyone等代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用who.He

whoknowsothersislearned,andhewhoknowshimselfiswise.

知人者智，自知者明。Nothingintheworldisdifficult

foronewhosetshismindtoit.世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。

三只用who的情況1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthevery

thing_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat1)

Theman______________Isawtoldmetowait.

1.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,

whichand

that.whom/who/that2)Lookattheboyandhisdog_____arecomingthisway.thatExercises3)Tomisthefirstboy_____lefttheroom.thatthat4)Hesawahouse_____windowswereallbroken.whose5)Youcanreadanybook_____Ihave.All_____weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom2.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whatExercises:3.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_____youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.inwhereC./D.when4.Idon’tliketheway____youspeaktoher.A.thatB.inthatC.whoD.whose5.Themostimportantthing____weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that6.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons____noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that7.Whoistheperson________istalkingabouttheaccident______happenedonHighway104?A.which;whichB.who;whatC.that;thatD.what;what定語(yǔ)從句定義關(guān)系代詞用法起形容詞作用，名詞或代詞由一個(gè)從句修飾主語(yǔ)：who,that賓語(yǔ)：whom,that(可省略)定語(yǔ)：whose主語(yǔ)：which,that指人指物賓語(yǔ)：which,that(可省略)只用that先行詞為不定代詞或先行詞被不定代詞修飾先行詞有序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾，或先行詞在主句作表語(yǔ)先行詞被all,no,only,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾先行詞是who,which,或主句以who/which開(kāi)頭先行詞有人有物theboyandthepicture主句是therebe句型只用which先行詞是that句子中兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)用that，另一個(gè)用which介詞后用which(指物)只用who先行詞是those,he,she,they,one,ones,anyone等代詞先行詞定語(yǔ)：whose一Theexactyear____AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.A.WhenB.whereC.whyD.which高考鏈接定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是theexactyear，后面的定語(yǔ)從句AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChina中動(dòng)詞spent后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，并在句中做賓語(yǔ)。Where的先行詞通常是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，關(guān)系副詞when的先行詞通常是表示時(shí)間的名詞，why的先行詞是thereason。ABC三項(xiàng)通常在句中做狀語(yǔ)。Which在定語(yǔ)從句里做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。二Amongthemanydangers__sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when先行詞是themanydangers，在定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞在句中作為動(dòng)詞face的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。CD兩項(xiàng)都是關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中通常只作狀語(yǔ)，不能做賓語(yǔ)。What不是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句義：在士兵面對(duì)的很多危險(xiǎn)中，也許最大的危險(xiǎn)是霧吧！故A正確。解答定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是分析句子成分，如果定語(yǔ)從句中句子成分很完整就使用關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)；如果句子缺少主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)的時(shí)候就使用關(guān)系代詞。三Acompany______profitsfr