考點05情態(tài)動詞用法梳理高考重點詞匯積累長難句分析-2023年暑假新高二英語培優(yōu)全攻略（上海專用）（原卷版）

考點05情態(tài)動詞用法梳理+高考重點詞匯積累+長難句分析核心考點梳理高考重點詞匯積累1.currencyn.貨幣；現(xiàn)金2.conductvt. 引導(dǎo)，帶領(lǐng)；實施，進(jìn)行3.conferencen. (正式的)會議；討論4.convincevt. 使確信，使信服，說服5.confidentialadj. 機(jī)密的，保密的6.confirmv. 證實，證明，確認(rèn)7.conflictn. 沖突，爭執(zhí)，爭論8.confusevt. 使迷惑，混淆9.congratulationn. 祝賀，慶賀10.contributevi. 捐款；做出貢獻(xiàn)；有助于，促成；投稿(to)11.corporationn. 公司，企業(yè)，法人12.consequencen. 結(jié)果，后果13.conservationn. 保存；(自然資源的)保護(hù)，管理14.criterion(pl.criteria)n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)則，原則15.considerateadj. 體貼的16.consistentadj. 連續(xù)的；一致的，始終如一的17.contraryn.相反adj. 相反的18.constructionn. 建造，建筑物19.consultv. 咨詢，商量20.consumev. 消耗，耗費(燃料，能量，時間等)21.correspondvi. (with/to)符合，相一致；(with)通信；(to)相當(dāng)于，相類似22.contemporaryadj. 屬同時期的，同一時代的23.contentadj. 滿足的；滿意的；甘愿的n. (pl.)容納的東西；內(nèi)容；含量；容量24.controversialadj. 引起爭論的，有爭議的25.contradictoryadj. 相互矛盾，對立的careabout擔(dān)心；關(guān)心；在乎，介意carefor 關(guān)心，照顧；喜歡takecare 注意；小心takecareof 照顧；愛護(hù)；負(fù)責(zé)comeacross 碰見；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)comealong 過來；快點comeout 出來；出版cometrue 實現(xiàn)comebacktolife 蘇醒過來；恢復(fù)生機(jī)cometothepoint 說到要點，觸及問題實質(zhì)comeabout 發(fā)生，造成cometolight 為人所知，顯露comeupwith 提出，想出comeon 快點；加油contributeto...有助于……；對……起作用；促成……；是……的部分原因contribute...to... 把……貢獻(xiàn)給……makecontributionsto 對……作出貢獻(xiàn)dropout 退出，脫離；輟學(xué)figureout 想清楚，弄明白；算出fillout 填寫(表格等)sellout 售完wearout 耗盡，使筋疲力盡；穿破earnone’sliving 謀生earnone’sfame 贏得名聲；成名earnthenameof 獲得……的美名二、高考閱讀理解長難句分析21.Toreallydevelopempathy,you’dbettervolunteeratanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthathasadiversemembership,havea“sharingcircle”withyourfamily,orspendtimecaringforpetsatananimalshelter.【句式翻譯】要真正開發(fā)同理心，你最好在養(yǎng)老院或醫(yī)院做志愿者，加入一個有多樣化的會員的俱樂部或團(tuán)隊，與你的家人有一個“共享圈”，或者在動物收容所照顧寵物?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫菑?fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞acluborateam，volunteer,join,have和spend是并列的謂語動詞，Toreallydevelop…在句中作目的狀語。【詞語點撥】volunteerv.志愿n.志愿者Somegraduatesvolunteertoworkinthecountryside.一些大學(xué)生自愿到農(nóng)村去。Shenowhelpsinalocalschoolasavolunteerthreedaysaweek.目前她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覍W(xué)校做志愿工作，一周去3天?！菊Z法點撥】不定式todo可以作目的狀語（其否定形式：nottodo），相當(dāng)于inordertodo和soastodo(soastodo只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如：Oneshouldgetenoughexercisetokeephealthy.為了維持身體健康，一個人要有足夠的鍛煉。Tofindabetterjob,alotofpeoplechoosetogotothebigcities.為了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。22.Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.【句式翻譯】自豪地閱讀我寫的內(nèi)容時，我環(huán)顧整個房間，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我的同學(xué)笑得眼淚都要流出來了?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫呛唵尉洌腥齻€非謂語短語，readingmywords和onlytofind…分別作時間狀語和結(jié)果狀語，bearing…作賓補(bǔ)?！驹~語點撥】glancevi瞥；瀏覽；后面常跟at,through,over等介詞Ipickedupthephonebookandglancedthroughit.我拿起電話簿，匆匆掃了一遍。Heglancedathiswatchandlefttheroom.他匆匆看了一下手表，離開了房間?！菊Z法點撥】動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，通常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常被just或only修飾，置于句末，用逗號和句子分開。如：Iwenttotheclassroom,onlytofindnobodythere.我去了教室，卻沒有見到一個人。Herushedtothedoor,onlytodiscoverthatitwaslockedandbarred.他沖到門邊,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)門已被鎖死了。23.At12yearsoldshewonaGuinnessRecordwhenshebecametheyoungestfemaletowinthewomen’sworldtitleforplatformdivingattheWorldChampionshipsinAustraliain1991.【句式翻譯】1991年，12歲的伏明霞就獲得了一項吉尼斯紀(jì)錄，當(dāng)時她參加了在澳大利亞舉行的跳臺跳水世界錦標(biāo)賽，成為最年輕的女子世界冠軍?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫菑?fù)合句，when在句中引導(dǎo)狀語從句，towinthewomen'sworldtitle…作定語，修飾theyoungestfemale?！驹~語點撥】championshipn.冠軍稱號；錦標(biāo)賽Weareproudforyoutowinthechampionship.我們?yōu)槟阙A得冠軍而驕傲。Allthegoldmedalsforthechampionshipfelltotheteam.本屆錦標(biāo)賽的所有金牌都被這個隊奪得?！菊Z法點撥】動詞不定式作定語，具體用法參見第18句。24.Togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocessanditisnotpossibletospeeditupwithanymeasuresliketakingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee.【句式翻譯】把酒精從體內(nèi)消除是個緩慢的過程，也不可能通過任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡來加速其消除的過程?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪溆刹⒘羞B詞and連接的復(fù)合句，Togetridofalcohol和tospeeditup在句中都作主語?！驹~語點撥】1)getridof擺脫；除去Howtogetridofairpollutionisstillabigproblem.如何清除空氣污染仍然是個大問題。2)measuren.尺寸；措施；手段vt.&vi.測量；有……長（寬、高等）Aclockmeasurestime.鐘是用來計量時間的。Thisroommeasurestenmetresacross.這個房間寬十米。Mr.Smithaskedthetailortomakesomenewclothestohisownmeasure.史密斯先生要求裁縫照他的尺寸做新衣服。Wemusttakemeasurestopreventthewaterfrombeingpolluted.我們必須采取措施防止水被污染?！菊Z法點撥】動詞不定式作主語：具體用法參見第20句。25.Havingidentifiedthetargetgroup,researchersfindoutasmuchaspossibleaboutthoseinthetargetgroup,suchastheirlikesanddislikes,andhowtheproductwouldfitintotheirlives.【句式翻譯】明確了廣告的目標(biāo)群體后，研究人員就會盡量獲取這個群體的有關(guān)信息，例如他們的好惡，以及如何使產(chǎn)品適應(yīng)他們的生活?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫菑?fù)合句，how在句中引導(dǎo)定語從句，Havingidentifiedthetargetgroup是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式作狀語。【詞語點撥】identifyvt.識別，認(rèn)出Couldyouidentifyyourbikeamongahundredothers.你能從100自行車中認(rèn)出你的那一輛嗎？Thebadweatherisidentifiedasthepossiblecauseoftheaccident.壞天氣被認(rèn)為可能導(dǎo)致了這個事故。【語法點撥】havingdone可以作狀語，此時，它代表的動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動作之前，它的邏輯主語和句子的主語一致。如：Nothavingtriedhisbest,hefailedintheexam.由于沒有盡最大努力，他這次考試沒能通過。Havingknownthesituationwell,theycoulddealwiththeproblemefficiently.由于對形勢的深刻了解，他們有效地處理了問題。三、情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法小結(jié)◆情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種句式1.在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may（可能），might/could（也許，或許）。（1）Hemust/may/mightknowtheanswertothisquestion?他一定/可能/也許知道這個問題的答案。（2）Itiscoldintheroom.Theymusthaveturnedofftheheating.屋里很冷，他們肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。2.否定句中用can’t/couldn’t(不可能),maynot/mightnot(可能不)。（1）Itcan’t/couldn’tbetheheadmaster.HehasgonetoAmerica.這不可能是校長，他去美國了。（2）Hemaynot/mightnotknowthescientist.他也許不認(rèn)識那位科學(xué)家。3.疑問句中用can/could(能……?)。（1）Couldhehavefinishedthetask?他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎？（2）Canhebeathomenow?他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎？注：以上三種句式中情態(tài)動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might,could并非may,can的過去式，而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。◆情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種時態(tài)1.對將來情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”。（1）Shemust/may/might/couldarrivebefore5.5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。（2）Shemust/may/might/couldwalkmilesandmilesamongthehillswithoutmeetinganyone.她一定/可能/也許會在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個人。2.對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞+be”，“情態(tài)動詞+bedoing”或“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”。（1）Hemust/may/might/couldbelisteningtotheradionow.他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機(jī)。（2）Hecan’t(couldn’t)/may(might)notbeathomeatthistime.這個時候他不可能/可能不在家。（3）Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.Howcan(could)hebelatefortheopeningceremony?布什先生一向準(zhǔn)時，這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢？3.對過去情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞”。（1）Itmust/may/might/couldhaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.地濕了，昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。（2）Thedoorwaslocked.Hecan(could)not/may(might)nothavebeenathome.門鎖著，他不可能/可能不在家。（3）Can/Couldhehavegottenthebook？難道他找到書了嗎？注：情態(tài)動詞should/oughtto表推測時，意為“想必會，理應(yīng)……”但與“have+過去分詞”連用時，則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語氣意為“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做”。例如：（4）It’sseveno’clock.Jackshould/oughttobehereatanymoment.現(xiàn)在七點鐘了，杰克理應(yīng)隨時到達(dá)。（推測）（5）Sheshould/oughttohaveattendedyourbirthdayparty,butshehadtolookafterhermotherinhospital.（虛擬）她本該出席你的生日晚會的，可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。（6）Tomshouldnot/oughtnottohavetoldmeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.（虛擬）湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密，可是他并無惡意。重點疑難（一）need和dare的用法

need和dare既可用作情態(tài)動詞，也可用作實義動詞。用作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于否定句和疑問句。用作實義動詞時，可用于各種句式。

1.用作情態(tài)動詞

--Need

I

come?

--Yes,

you

must.

--我需要來嗎？

--需要。

You

needn′t

telephone

him

now.

你現(xiàn)在不必打電話給他。

I

don′t

think

you

need

worry.

我想你不必發(fā)愁。She

dare

not

go

out

alone

at

night.

她晚上不敢一個人出去。

How

dare

you

say

I′m

unfair?

你竟敢說我不公平？Not

one

of

them

dared

mention

this.

他們誰也不敢提這件事。

2.用作實義動詞

You

don′t

need

to

do

it

yourself.

你不必親自做這件事。

We

need

to

tell

them

the

news.

我們需要把這消息告訴他們。

The

table

needs

painting

(to

be

painted.).

桌子需要油漆一下。

We

should

dare

to

give

our

own

opinion.

我們要敢于提出自己的觀點。

He

did

not

dare

(to)

look

up.

他不敢抬頭看。

I

dare

day

he′ll

come

again.

我想他會再來的。

（cI

dare

say…為固定習(xí)語）

（二）情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式和進(jìn)行式的用法

1.情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式，表“應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)……”，“想必已經(jīng)……”，“本來可以……”等意。

I

should

have

finished

the

work

earlier.

我應(yīng)當(dāng)早一點完成這項工作的。He

isn′t

here.

He

must

have

missed

the

train.

他還未到，一定是沒趕上火車。

Where

can

(could)

he

have

gone?

他能到那里去了呢？

You

may

(might)

have

read

about

it.

你可能在報上已經(jīng)讀到這件事了。

You

could

(might)

have

been

more

careful.

你本來可以更細(xì)心的。

He

needn′t

have

worried

about

it.

他本不必為此事?lián)摹?/p>

There

was

a

lot

of

fun

at

yesterday′s

party.

You

ought

to

have

come,

but

why

didn′t

you

昨天的聚會非常有意思。你本應(yīng)該來，為何不來呢？

2.

情態(tài)動詞后跟進(jìn)行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“應(yīng)當(dāng)正在”等意。

It′s

twelve

o′clock.

They

must

be

having

lunch.

現(xiàn)在是十二點。他們一定正在吃飯。

They

may

be

discussing

this

problem.

他們可能正在論討這個問題。

He

can′t

be

telling

the

truth.

他說的不可能是真話。

She

shouldn′t

be

working

like

that.

She′s

still

so

weak.

她不應(yīng)當(dāng)那樣干，她身體仍那么虛。

幾組詞的辨異

1.

can

和be

able

to

1）情態(tài)動詞can只有兩種時態(tài)形式，現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could，而be

able

to有多種時態(tài)形式。

Mary

can

play

the

piano.

She

has

been

able

to

play

it

since

she

was

5.

瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。2）用在過去時中，could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事，事實上不一定去做，而was∕were

able

to則表示“過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。

He

could

swim

across

the

English

Channel.

But

he

didn′t

feel

like

it

that

day.

他能游過英吉利海峽，但那天他不想游。

Yesterday

I

was

able

to

get

home

before

the

heavy

rain.

昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。

2.

must和

have

to

must表示主觀意志，而have

to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒有過去式，除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時間，在直接引語中表示過去時間應(yīng)該用had

to代替。I

told

her

that

she

must

give

up

smoking.

我叫她必須戒煙。

We

had

to

get

everything

ready

that

night.

我們那晚得把一切準(zhǔn)備就緒。3.

would和used

to

1）used

to表示過去與現(xiàn)在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同，而would只表過去的情況。People

used

to

think

that

the

earth

was

flat.

過去人們認(rèn)為地球是平的。（現(xiàn)在人們不這么認(rèn)為。）

She

would

go

out

for

a

walk

in

the

morning

when

she

was

in

the

country.

在鄉(xiāng)下時，她總是在早晨去散會兒步。（可能現(xiàn)在仍有散步的習(xí)慣。）

2）used

to可表示過去的習(xí)慣動作和經(jīng)常的情況，而would只表示過去的習(xí)慣動作。

He

used

to

∕would

smoke

while

writing.

過去他寫東西時常抽煙。

She

used

to

be

fat.

她過去很胖

當(dāng)堂知識檢測一、單項選擇1．Youhaven’tgoneanywheretoday.You________yourbagintheoffice.A．couldhaveleft B．musthaveleftC．couldleave D．mustleave2．DearAllan,I’mafraidIwon’tpayyouanyvisitbynowsinceI’mratheroccupied,butIassureyouthatyou________havemycompanyassoonasI’mreleasedfromwork.A．must B．might C．oughtto D．shall3．Trucks_____beparkedhere,oryouwillbefined.A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．daren’t4．Ourteamthegame,butourmainplayergotinjuredinthefirsthalfofthematch.A．canhavewon B．shouldhavewon C．maywin D．couldhavewon5．—“Whyhasn’tJackcomebackyet?_____anythinghavehappenedtohim?”—“Ithinkthere_____.”A．May;musthave B．Must;mustC．Can;mayhave D．Can;can6．Althoughheisonlyachild,hespeakfivelanguages.A．should B．dare C．must D．can7．—Thewoundedsoldier________havebeensenttohospitalimmediately.—Sohe________,butalleffortsmadenodifference.A．should,was B．must,did C．oughtto,had D．can,has8．“Whateveryouwant,you________haveitonconditionthatyougetthebestresult,”saidtheboss.A．would B．oughtto C．shall D．could9．Researchingfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe________duringtheday.A．wouldhavedone B．shouldhavedone C．mayhavedone D．musthavedone10．Imitatingothers’actionsinTikTok______beverydangerous,soyou______betoocareful.A．should;oughtn’tto B．can;can’tC．might;mustn’t D．could;shouldn’t11．I’msorrysir,thisverycarriageisanon-smokingone.Ifyou________smoke,Ibelievecarriage5willserveyouwell.A．should B．must C．can D．shall12．—Celialookssoupset.She________thedrivingtest.—Itisthesecondtimethatshehasfailedinthetest.A．can’tpass B．can’thavepassed C．mustn’tpass D．mustn’thavepassed13．HepromisedSouthAfricansthathewould_________himself_________themimprovetheirlives.A．devote;intohelping B．bedevoted;tohelpingC．devote;tohelp D．devoted;tohelping14．Accordingtotheregulations,allthepassengers_______havetheirluggagecheckedbeforetheygetonthetrain.A．can B．may C．would D．shall15．Ifsomeonehappenstohavehighfeverandpneumonia,heorshe_________seektreatmentfast.A．must B．needs C．may D．could16．Plentyofthingscancausestress,andtherearesuchthingsasgoodstressandbadstress.Goodornormalstress_________showupwhenyou’recalledoninclassorwhenyouhavetogiveareport.A．must B．might C．shall D．would17．Recallthedayswhenhewasputinaroomonhisown,Picassoremarked,“Ithereforever,drawingwithoutstopping”A．shouldhavestayed B．needhavestayed C．musthavestayed D．couldhavestayed18．Whatever________onhermind,she________amessageandwentstraightawayA．couldbe;musthaveleft B．mighthavebeen;shouldn’thaveleftC．musthavebeen;couldhaveleft D．shouldbe;couldn’thaveleft19．—Thatlecturewasaboringandconfusingone.—ThenitDr.Kevin’sbecauseheissointerestingandfascinating.ItDr.Jaco’s,heisjustthattypeofperson.A．couldn’thavebeen…mustbe B．couldn’tbe…canbeC．mustn’tbe…can’tbe D．can’thavebeen…musthavebeen20．Inervouslythrewastickattheanimalanditdidn’tmove.Adeer.Thisthingjustkeptstaring.A．shouldberunningaway B．wouldhaverunawayC．couldrunaway D．mightwellrunaway二、根據(jù)漢語意思填寫單詞21．Whenshesangthebeautifulsongonstage,hervoicewasfullof________(激情).(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)22．The________(一年一次的)schoolculturalfestivaltakesplaceinMay.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)23．It’saninterestingandexcitingbookwhichtellsuswhat________(普通的)peoplecandowithcourageanddetermination.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)24．Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowbecame_______(懊惱的，沮喪的)becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)25．Agroupofgraduates,successfulintheir________(事業(yè)),gottogethertovisittheiruniversityprofessor.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）26．Becauseofseriousinfection,thepatientneedstohaveoneofhisarms________(移除)tosavehislife.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)27．Nowadaysmanycompaniesadopttheapproachof________(靈活的)workinghourssothattheworkerscanmanagetheirowntimemoreeffectively.(根據(jù)漢語提示拼寫單詞)28．The________(地區(qū))ishometomanywildlifespeciesandisunderstateprotection.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)三、根據(jù)首字母填寫單詞29．Ie_______agreewithyouthateveryonehasdifferentwaystodealwithstressindailylife.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)30．Peoplecanstrengthentheirimmunes_______throughtakingregularexercise.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)31．Thecommitteewillp_______theirreportinthehealthmagazineinafewweeks.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)32．ThenextmorningIwass__________byaship.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)四、根據(jù)中英文提示填寫單詞33．Sheoftenc________(抱怨)aboutnotfeelingappreciatedatwork.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)34．EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenm________statesintooneunifiedcountry.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)35．Shewasg________(感激的)tohimforbeingsogoodtoher.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）課后鞏固提高五、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Anewstudy36(publish)bytheRapidTransitionAlliancehasrevealedthatclimatechangewill37(threat)globalsportseventsoverthenextthreedecades.Thisgroup38(monitor)climatechange,developmentandglobalissuesonadailybasis.Researcherssaidthatnearlyallsportswouldbeaffectedinthefutureby39theycalled“anaccelerating(加速的)climatecrisis”.Theyhighlightedhowtheweatherhadalready40(direct)affectedmajorsportsevents.BushfiresinAustraliamadeplayingconditions41(danger)attheAustralianTennisOpen.Theypredictedthatfires,floods,heatwavesandrisingsealevelswouldcausegreaterdamage.TheRapidTransitionAllianceurgedthesportsindustry42(become)carbon-neutral(碳中和的).Itsaidthatthecarbonemissionsfromsportseventsworldwideareequal43thoseproducedbyamedium-sizedcountry.Thestudyblamedthesportforitsinaction.Itsaid,“Making44carbon-zeroworldthecommon-sensepriority(優(yōu)先)ofthesportsworldwouldmakeahuge45(contribute)tomakingitthecommon-sensepriorityofallpolitics.”Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Plantsareveryimportanttohumanlife.Throughphotosynthesis(光合作用),theytransformcarbondioxideintofreshoxygen.They46(assume)toremovetoxinsfromtheairwebreathe—butisthistrue?OnefamousNASAexperiment,publishedin1989,hasfoundindoorplantscancleantheairbyremovingpollutants47(cause)cancer.Laterresearchhasfoundsoilmicroorganismsinthe