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Please:A(true)/B(false)/C(cannotSignificantadvancesinfloatfurnacedesignandoperation,inthedevelopmentofglasscompositions,andintheglassformingprocessitselfhaveallyedaroleintheoptimizationofglassmanufacturing.Forexample,thermodynamicmodelingassistswiththeenhancementofglasscompositionandofferscontroloverdevitrificationcharacteristics,andstudiesexaminingburnerdesign,toensureflameshave umluminosity(光澤)andieontheglassatthecorrectangle,aidtheminimizationoffuelconsumption.Theexploitationofsuchadvancedresearchallowsglassmanufacturerstoreducetheirexpenditureonfuel,decreasetheirdefectratesandproduceglassofthehighestquality,allofwhichareimportantiftheyaretoretaintheircommercialstandingandcustomerGlassofahigherqualityisproducedwhenthefloatfurnaceisatitsumamountoffuelusedintheglass-formingprocess.Ensuringtheflamescomeintocontactwiththeglassataparticularpointcanreducetheamountofenergyrequiredintheglassmanufacturingprocess.Amateurscientistshavelongbeenattractedtothedisciplineofastronomy,andprofessionalastronomersarefrequentlysupportiveoftheircontributiontothescience.Indeed,amateurastronomershaveoftenbeenthefirsttospotanunchartedcometorstar.Untilnow,therequiredscientificequipmenthas,unfortunay,beenlargelyveryexpensive,varyingaccordingtotheintricacyandsizeoftheapparatus.Accordingtosomescientists,however,thespreadofnew,cheaptechnology,particularlyininformationanddatemanagement,promisestodramaticallychangeandfacilitateamateur-professionalinction,andAmateur-professionalcollaborationwillcontributetotheadvancementofInthepast,allscientificequipmentrequiredforresearchinastronomywasveryexpensive.Followingthespreadofnew,andcheapertechnology,moreamateurscientistsarecollaboratingwithprofessionals.Scientistsbelieveweareexperiencingadramaticchangeintheoverallclimatesystem,verifiedbythe10-15cmriseinsealevelsoverthelast100yearsandtheincreasesinsevereweatherconditions.Althoughclimatechangeoccursnaturally,scientistsbelievehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedcarbondioxide,methaneandnitrousoxideconcentrations(二氧化碳,甲烷和一氧化二氮濃度),leadingtoclimatechangesand,inturn,observedincreasesinsealevels,atmospherictemperatures,anderraticweathersystems.Thismeansthattoday’sclimateshiftdiffersdramaticallyfrompreviousshiftsinclimatesinbothmagnitudeandrate.Scientificresearchsuggeststhatadvancingsealevels,risingtemperaturesandsevereweatherconditionscausedbyclimatechangewillresultinahostofnegativeconsequencessuchasathreattointernationaltradepatterns,anincreaseinthemovementoftropicaldisease,andanincreasedriskof andlandslides.Onlythedifferenceinvelocitydistinguishescurrentclimatesshiftsfrompreviousshifts.31.Theenormityofaltionstoourclimatesystemhasneverbeenexperiencedbyhumanbeingsbefore.PeoplewillcatchmoretropicaldiseaseduetoclimateHumanmortality,whilstconsistingofunpredictableindividualevents,hasastatisticalregularitywhenaveragedacrossalargegroup.Thismakespossibleawholehostofproducts,ofwhichtheannuityisone.Thepriceofanannuitypayingafixedregular eforlifeisbaseduponthestatisticallifeexpectancyofthepurchaseratthetimetheannuityistobegin.The sellingtheannuitywillbenefitfromallthosecustomersthatdieearlierthanpredicted,whilecustomersareattractedbytheprospectofguaranteed eforaslongastheylive.Annuitieshavethedisadvantagethatthecapitalinvestedisunrecoverable(i.e.uponthedeathofannuitantnothingisleftfortheheirs),butthatfactalsoenablesannuitiestoguaranteehigherpaymentsthancouldbeobtainedifthesamesumofmoneywereinvestedatinterest.Theheirsof whobuyanannuitytendtobeagainsttheEssentially,thepurchaserofanannuityisgamblingthattheywilllivelongenoughtoreceiveagoodreturnontheirinvestment.Annuityreturnsaregenerallysimilartoreturnsfrominvestingthemoneyinaninterestbearingaccounts.Incasuallanguage,thetermstheoryandmodelareoftenusedinterchangeably.Fromatechnicalpointofviewthereisanimportantdifference.Theoriesprovideageneralframework,butbecauseofthegeneralityofthespecification,atheorycannotbeshowntobeusefuloruselessuntilitisfullyspecifiedintheformofamodel.Amodel,ontheotherhand,needsbydefinitiontobeformulatedwithintheconcepts,alongwithasetofassumptionsabouttheconceptsandtheirrelationships.Theappropriatenessofamodelmustthenbeevaluatedwithrespecttoaparticularsetoftestdata.Theevaluationmaybedonebyconductingasuitablydesignedsetofempiricalinvestigations(實證檢驗),byrationalinspectionofthemodelassumptionsinrelationtothetestdata,orideallyboth.Inthestrictsense,allmodelsprovide pleterepresentationsofthedatatowhichtheytofitted.Thereforethemeaningfulquestionisnotwhetheramodeliscorrectorincorrect,butratherwhetherthemodelfitsthedatawellenoughtobeusefulinguidingtheprocess.Statisticalevidenceandjudgmentyimportantrolesinansweringthatquestion.Itismoremeaningfultolookatthepracticalutilityofamodelthanitsabsoluteveracity(絕對準確性).MostpeoplefailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenatheoryandaAmodelcanexistintheabsenceofaFinancialfraudisacrimeofgrowingsignificantly.In2003,8%ofreportedbusiness-relatedcrimeswerefraud,averaging$35000inlosses.By2005,whilstfinancialfraudwasfoundtobethesixth-mostfrequentcrime,itwasthethird-highestconcernamongstbusinessleaders.Researchersfoundthat,globally,internet-basedfraudwasrisingdramaticallyin2005.Themainreasonsforfraudincludedpoorsupervisionandlackofproperdivisionofduties,inadequatecontrolofaccesstosystem,andpoorauthorizationcontrols.Internaldetectivemeasuresuncoveredlessthanhalfofthecases,withanincreasingnumberofcasesbeingdiscoveredbyaccident.Onethirdofthecaseswerecommittedbymanagerial-staff,whilehalfwerecommittedbynon-managerialstaff.DetectivemethodswereoperatingveryeffectivelyinOverhalfofallcasesoffraudin2005werediscoveredbyBusinessleadersaremoreconcernedaboutfinancialfraudthanbeforebecauseofthegrowthoftheInternet.Asuperficialconsideration(表面上考慮)ofbiotechnologywillcommonlypresentanimpressionofethicalneutrality(中立)Onthecontrary,howeveritiscloselyrelatedtothefrequentlyingvaluesandaspirations(愿望)ofsociety.Geneticallymodifiedfood(轉食品)isaparticularlygoodexample,presentingthepotentialtobearmoreresilientandnutritiouscrops(彈性有營養(yǎng)的作物),andthuscontributetothefightagainstworldhunger,whilesimultaneouslyraisingconcernsregardingitslong-termeffectsandenvironmentalethics.Itisthisethicalandscientificcontroversy(爭論)thatultimayledtotherejectionofgeneticallymodifiedfoodinGeneticallymodifiedfoodcouldhelpnationstofightThedebatesurroundingtheethicsofgeneticallymodifiedfoodcontributedtoitsrejectioninsomecountries.TheriskgeneticallymodifiedfoodoutweighsthepotentialTheEuropeanpopulationismoreconcernedwiththeenvironmentalethicsofgeneticallymodifiedfoodthanothersocieties.Organizationsareencouragedtoprovideemployeeswithflexibleworkingopportunitiesthroughwork-lifebalancestrategies,andworkersareincreasinglyattractedtoorganizationsthatoffersuchstrategies.Foremployees,theopportunitytoworkandfamilylife,workcestress,andworkoverload.However,someseniormanagersarereluctanttofullysupporttheseinitiativesduetothesubstantialcostsinvolved,whichescalatewithstaffnumbers.Thenagain,thecostofimplementingflexibleworkingstrategiescanbecompensatedbyareductioninabsenteeismandimprovementsinorganizationalcommitmentandemployeemotivation.Alikelyincreaseinemployeemotivationwouldnotbeareasonforanorganizationtoimplementstrategiesaimedatimprovingemployees’work-lifeThecostofimplementingflexibleworkingstrategiesisnotdependentonthenumberofemployees.Employeeswhohaveflexibleworkinghourswillhavehappierhomelivescomparedtothosewhodonot.Horticulturalists(園藝工作者)musttakeintoaccountmanyfactorswhennningthereproduction(繁殖)ofnts.Propagation(繁殖)byseedisthemostcommonmethodemployedasitisrelativelyeasyandhasagoodexpectedrateofgerminationalthoughthiscandropiftheseedhasbeenpackagedformorethanayearManyseedscanremainviableforupto5yearsifproperlystored,astheirprotectivecoatspreventsprouting(發(fā)芽)untilidealgrowingconditionsexist.Externalconditionscanbemanipulatedinordertobringseedsoutordormancyandhastengermination.Howevereveninoptimalconditions,someseedsarereluctanttoSprout.Thevigilantmanagementofexternalfactorscanbringaseedoutofitsquiescentstate.Mosthorticulturalistsarereluctanttontseedsthathavebeenpformorethanayear.TheproductionofflorainvolvesmanyaspectsforhorticulturaliststoTherateatwhichseedssproutcandeclineafterthefirstyearofbeingIncreasinglypsychotherapy(心理療法)isbeingshowninrelevantstudiestobeaneffectiveformoftreatmentformentaldisorders(心理失常)initsownright,despitefrequentclaimsthatevidenceforitseffectivenessinnumberofseriousdisordersisalmosttotallylacking.Moreover,studieshavesuggestedthatacombinationofpsychotherapyandappropriatemedicationmaylead,inthecaseofatleastsomeidentifiablementaldisorders,tosignificantlybetter comparedtothoseinwhichmedicationisappliedwithoutthesupportofpsychotherapy.ThisprovidessupportformentalhealthprofessionalstoconsiderpsychotherapywhendecidingonthetreatmentofpatientssufferingfrommentalThereareconditionsforwhichthecombinationofpsychotherapyandmedicationdoesnotimprovethe eincomparisontotheuseofmedicationalone.Itcannotbeconcludedthatpsychotherapycanbeaseffectiveasmedicationinthetreatmentofeveryformofmental
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