2021年12月大學(xué)英語6級(jí)真題（卷二）

2021年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試真題（第2套）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30mriutestowriteanessayrelatedtotheshort

passagegivenbelow.Inyouressay,youaretocommentonthephenomenondescribedinthe

passageandsuggestmeasurestoaddresstheissue.Youshouldwriteatleastwordsbutno

morethan虛words

Nowadaysstarchasingisprevalentamongmanyteenagers.Theytakepopstarsastheir

idols,Imitatingtheirwayoftalking,theirstyleofdressing,andseekingeverychance

tomeettheminpersonatgreatexpenses.

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearlongconversations,fittheendofeach

conversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Ateryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),QandD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1with

asinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Ithasgivenrisetomuchcontroversy.QItwasprimarilywrittenvegetarians

B)IthasbeenveryreceivedD)Itoffendsmanyenvironmentalists.

2.A)Sheneglectspeople'seffortsinanimalprotection.

B)Shetriestopeopletoacceptherradicalideas.

QSheignoresthevariousbenefitsofpublictransport.

D)Sheinsistsvegetariansaretheenvironment.

3.A)TheyaresignificantC)Theyarerational.

B)Theyarerevolutionary.D)Theyaremod

est.

4.A)Itwouldhelptoprotecttheenvironment

B)Itwouldgeneratemoneypublichealth

QItwouldneedsupportthegeneralpublic

D)Itwouldpoorpeopletochangetheirdiet

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Wherecome

B)Whymanypeoplefightsohardsuccess.

。Howsheachievedhergoal.

D)Whatmakespeople

6.A)Havingsomeonewhohasconfidenceinthem.

B)Havingsomeonewhoisreadytohelpthem.

QHavingafirmbeliefintheirownability.

D)Havingarealisticattitudetowards

7.A)TheyadjusttheirgoalsaccordinglyCTheystaypositive.

2021年12月英語六級(jí)真題第2套第1頁共11頁

B)TheytryhardtoappearoptimisticD)Theyremain

calm.

8.A)AnunderstandingleadershipC)Mutualrespectamong

B)Anurturmgenvironment.colleagues.

D)Highlycooperativeteammates.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Atheendofeachpassage,youwillhear

threeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryou

hearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerthefourchoicesmarked丹，BJ,C)andD)

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Theyusetheirsenseofhearingtocapturetheirprey

B)Theirmainlyconsistsofsmallanimalsandfish.

C)Theyhavebigeyesanddistinctivevisualcenters.

D)Theirancestorisdifferentthatofmicrobats.

10.A)WiththehelpofmoonlightC)Withtheaidofdaylight

B)Bymeansofecholocation.vision

D)Bymeansofvisionand

smell.

11.A)Tomakeuptheirnaturalabsenceofvision.

B)Toadaptthemselvestoaparticular

C)Totheirtraveloverlongdistances.

D)Tosurviveintheever-changingweather.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Theyacquireknowledgenotinbooks.

B)Theyhowtointeractwiththeirpeers.

C)Theybecomemoreemotionallyaggressive.

D)Theygetmuchbetterpreparedschool.

13.A)Theyareemotionallyprepared.

B)Theytendtobemoreattractedbyimages.

C)Theycan'ttheconflictsintheshow.

D)Theylackthecogn巾veandmemoryskills

14.A)Chooseappropriateprogramstheirchildren.

B)Helptheirchildrenunderstandtheprogram'splot.

C)Outlinetheprogram'splottheirchildrenfirst.

D)Monitortheirchildren'swatchingofTVprograms

15.A)Explainitsmessagetotheirchildren.

B)Checkiftheirchildrenhaveenjoyedit.

C)Encouragetheirchildrentoretellthestory.

D)Asktheirchildrentodescribeitscharacters.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythree

orfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.youhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedBJ,CJandDJ.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre

2021年12月英語六級(jí)真題第2套第2頁共11頁

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)TheyareofinjuringtheirC)Theybelievealittledirtharmsnoone.

B)Theyhaveneverdevelopedthehabit.D)Theyfinditrathertroublesometodoso.

17.A)Differenttypesofbacteriaexistedonpublic-toiletfloors.

B)Thereweremorebacteriaonsidewalksthaninthehome.

C)Officecarpetscollectedmorebacteriathanelsewhere.

D)Alargenumberofbacteriacollectedonasingleshoe.

18.A)Thechemicalsonshoescandeteriorateairquality.

B)Shoescanupsetmemberswiththeirnoise.

C)Themarksleftbyshoesarehardtoerase.

D)Shoescanleavescratchesonthefloor.

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itissinfulandimmoral.C)Itisanuncontrollablebehavior.

B)Itisdeemeduncivilized.D)Itisaviolationofandtrust.

20.A)Assesstheirconsequences.C)Acceptthemasnormal.

B)Guardagainsttheirharm.D)Findouttheircauses.

21.A)Trytounderstandwhatmessagestheyconvey.

B)Payattentiontotheirpossibleconsequences.

C)Considerthemdifferentperspectives.

D)Makesuretheyarebroughtundercontrol.

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Cultivationofnewvarietiesofcrops.

B)Measurestocopewithclimatechange

C)Developmentofmoreeffectivepesticides.

D)Applicationofmorenitrogen-rich

23.A)Theexpansionofindevelopingcountries.

B)Theresearchoncroprotationindevelopingcountries

C)Thecooperationoftheworld'sagriculturalscientists.

D)Theimprovementofagricultural

24.A)Forencouragingtoembracenewtechniques

B)Foraligningtheirresearchwithadvancesintechnology.

C)Fortheirtotheneedsofinpoorercountries.

D)Forcooperatingcloselywithpolicymakersindevelopingcountries

25.A)Rapidtransitiontobecomeaexporter.

B)Substantialinagriculturalresearch.

C)Quickrisetobecomealeadinggrainproducer

D)Assumptionofhumanitarianresponsibilities.

2021年12月英語六級(jí)真題第2套第3頁共11頁

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisawithtenblanks.arerequiredtoselectone

wordforeachblankalistofchoicesgiveninabankfollowingtheReadthe

passagethroughmakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisby

aPleasemakthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.maynotuseanyoftewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

AccordingtopsychologistSharonDraper,ourclothingchoicescanabsolutelyaffect

ourwell-being.wewearill-fittingclothes,orover-orunder-dressedanevent,

it'snaturaltoself-consciousorevenstressed.Conversely,shesays,optingclothes

thatfitwellandwithyoursenseofstylecanimproveyourconfidence.

Butcanyouimproveyourhealththroughyourclothing,withouthavingto

dashoutandbuyawholenew"Absolutely,"saysDraper.Ifyourgoalisto

improveyourthinking,sherecommendspickingclothesthatfitwellandareunlikelyto

encouragerestlessness,so,avoidbows,tiesandunnecessaryItalsohelpstoopt

clothesytyinginwithyourgoals,so,ifyouwanttobetteratwork,

selectpiecesyouviewasDrapersaysthisfitsinwiththeconceptof

behavioralactivation,wherebyabehavior(inthiscase,selectingclothes)can

setyouonthepathtothenachievingyourgoals(workingharcler)

Anotherwaytoimproveymindistomixthingsip.Drapersayswe

stuckinarut(常規(guī))ifwewearthesameclothes-evenifthey'reour

_lhusoptinganitemyoudon'twearoraddingsomethingdifferenttoan

outfit,suchasahat,canyourmood.Ondayswhenyou'rereallyto

bravetheworld,Drapersuggestsselectingsentimentalitemsofclothing,suchasonesyou

woreonaspecialday,orgiventoyoubyalovedone,asclotheswithassociations

canhelpyoutapintoconstructiveemotions.

A)accessonesI)perceive

B)alignJ)positively

C)concurrentlyK)profile

D)currentL)prospenng

E)engagmgM)reluctant

F)N)showcase

G)0)wardrobe

H)locations

2021年12月英語六級(jí)真題第2套第4頁共11頁

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedto幾

Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.theparagraph

fromwhichtheinformationismaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Each

paragraphismarkedwithaAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespendingletteron

AnswerSheet2.

Domusiclessonsreallymakechildrensmarter?

A)Arecentanalysisthatmostresearchmischaracterizestherelationshipbetween

musicandskillsenhancement

B)In2004,apaperappearedinthePsychologicalScience,titled"MusicLessons

EnhanceIQ."Theauthor,composerandpsychologistGlennSchellenberghad

conductedanexperimentwith144childrenrandomlyassignedtogroups:one

thekeyboardayear,onetooksinginglessons,onejoinedanactingclass,

andacontrolgrouphadnoextracurriculartraining.TheIQofthechildreninthetwo

musicalgroupsrosebyanaverageofsevenpointsinthecourseofayear;thoseinthe

othertwogroupsgainedanaverageof4.3points

C)Schellenberghadlongbeenskepticalofthesciencesupportingclaimsthatmusic

educatione汕anceschildren'sabstractreasoning,math,orlanguagesk仆Is.Ifchildren

whoplaythepianoaresmarter,hesays,itdoesn'tnecessarilymeantheyaresmarter

becausetheyplaythepiano.Itcouldbethattheyoungsterswhoplaythepianoalso

happentobemoreambitiousorbetteratonatask.Correlation,all,does

notprovecausation.

D)The2004paperwasspecificallydesignedtoaddressthoseAndasa

passionatemusician,Schellenbergwasdelightedwhenheupcredibleevidence

thatmusichaseffectsongeneralintelligence.Butnearlyadecadelater,in2013,

theEducationEndowmentFoundationabiggerstudywithmorethan900

students.ThatstudytoconfirmSchellenberg'sfindings,producingnoevidence

thatmusiclessonsimprovedmathandliteracyskills.

E)Schellenbergtookthatnewsinstridewhilecontinuingtocastaskepticaleyeonthe

researchinhisfield.Recently,hedecidedtoinvestigatejusthowhis

researchersinpsychologyandneurosciencemakewhathebelievesareerroneous

-oratleastpremature-causalconnectionsbetweenmusicandintelligence.Hisresults,

publishedinMay,suggestthatmanyofhispeersdojustthat

F)Forhisrecentstudy,Schellenbergaskedtworesearchassistantstolookcorrelational

studiesontheeffectsofmusiceducation.Theyatotalof114paperspublished

since2000.Toassesswhethertheauthorsclaimedanycausation,researchersthen

lookedtelltaleverbsineachpaper'stitleandabstract,verbslike"enhance,"

"promote,"and"strengthen."Thepaperswerecategorizedasneuroscience

ifthestudyemployedabrainimagingmethodlikemagneticresonance,orifthestudy

appearedinathathad"brain,""neuroscience,"orarelatedterminitstitle.

Otherwisethepaperswerecategorizedaspsychology.Schellenbergdidn'ttellhis

assistantswhatexactlyhewastryingtoprove.

2021年12月英語六級(jí)真題第2套第5頁共11頁

G)Aftercomputingtheirassessments,Schellenbergconcludedthatthemajorityofthe

articleserroneouslyclaimedthatmusictraininghadacausaleffect.Theoverselling,

healsowasmoreprevalentamongneurosciencestud比s,threequartersofwhich

mischaracterizedamereassociationbetweenmusictrainingandskillsenhancement

asacause-and-effectrelationship.Thismaycomeasasurprisetosome.

Psychologists

havebeenbattlingchargesthattheydon'tdo"real"sciencesometime—inlarge

partbecausemanyfindingsclassicexperimentshaveprovedunreproducible

Neuroscientists,ontheotherhand,armedwithbrainscansandEEGs(腦電圖),

have

notbeensubjecttothesamedegreeofcritique.

H)Toarguecause-and-effectrelationship,scientistsmustattempttoexplainwhyand

howaconnectioncouldoccur.Whenitcomestoeffectsofmusic,

scientistspointtobrainplastic讓y—thethatthebrainchangesaccording

tohowweuseit.Whenachildtoplaytheviolin,example,severalstud

haveshownthatthebrainregionresponsiblethefinemotorsk-fblsoftheleft

hand'sfingersislikelytogrow.Andmanyexperimentshaveshownthatmusical

trainingimprovescertainhearingcapabilities,likefilteringvoicesbackground

noiseordistinguishingthedifferencebetweentheconsonants(輔音)'b'and'g'.

比s

I)ButSchellenbergremainshighlycriticalofhowtheconceptofplasticityhasbeen

appliedinhisfield."Plasticityhasbecomeanindustryofitsown,"hewroteinhisMay

paper.Practicedoeschangethebrain,heallows,butwhatisquestionableisthe

assertionthatthesechangesaffectotherbrainregions,suchasthoseresponsible

spatialreasoningormathproblems

J)NeuropsychologistLutzJanckeagrees."Mostofthesestudiesdon'tallowcausal

hesaid.Forovertwodecades,Janckehasresearchedtheeffectsofmusic

lessons,andlikeSchellenberg,hebelievesthattheonlywaytotrulyunderstand

the訂

effectsistorunlongitudinalstudies.Insuchstudies,researcherswouldneedto

groupsofchildrenwithandwithoutmusiclessonsoveralongperiodoftime—evenif

theassignmentsarenotcompletelyrandom.Thentheycouldcompareoutcomes

eachgroup.

K)Someresearchersarestartingtodojustthat.TheneuroscientistPeterSchneider

HeidelbergUniversityinGermany,example,hasbeenagroupofchildren

tenyearsnow.Someofthemwerehandedmusicalinstrumentsandgivenlessons

throughaschool-basedprogramintheRuhrregionofGermanycalledJedemKindein

Instrument,or"aninstrumenteverychild,"whichwascarriedoutwith

Amongthesechildren,Schneiderhasthatthosewhowereenthusiastic

aboutmusicandwhopracticedvoluntarilyshowedimprovementsinhearingability,

aswellasinmoregeneralcompetencies,suchastheabilitytoconcentrate

L)Toestablishwhethereffectssuchasimprovedconcentrationarecausedbymusic

participationitself,andnotbyinvestingtimeinanextracurricularactivityofanykind,

AssalHab曲，apsychologyattheUniversityof

isconductingafive-yearlongitudinalstudywithchildrenlow-income

communrbesinLosAngeles.Theyoungstersintothreegroups:thosewhotake

music,thosewhodoafter-schoolsports,andthosewithnostructured

2021年12月英語六級(jí)真題第2套第6頁共11頁

after-schoolprogramatall.Aftertwoyears,Hab伽andhercolleaguesreportedseeing

structuralchangesinthebrainsofthemusicallytrainedchildren,bothlocallyandinthe

pathwaysconnectingdifferentpartsofthebrain.

M)Thatmayseemcompelling,butHab佃schildrenwerenotselectedrandomly.Didthe

childrenwhoweredrawntomusicperhapshavesomethinginthemthestartthat

madethemdifferentbuteludedthebrainscanners?"Assomebodywhostartedtaking

pianolessonsattheageoffiveandgotupeveryatseventopractice,that

experiencechangedmeandmademepartofwhoIamtoday,"Schellenbergsaid

"Thequestioniswhetherthosekindsofexperiencesdososystematicallyacross

individualsandcreateexactlythesamechanges.AndIthinkthatisthathugeleapof

N)Didhehaveahiddentalentthatothersdidn'thave?Ormoreendurancethanhispeers"

Musicresearcherstend,likeSchellenberg,tobemusiciansthemselves,andashe

noted

inhisrecentpaper,"theideaofpositivecognitiveandneuralsideeffectsmusic

training(andotherpleasurableactivities)isinherentlyappealing."Healsoadm邸thatif

hehadchildrenofhisown,hewouldencouragethemtotakemusiclessonsandgoto

university."Iwouldthinkthatitmakesthembetterpeople,morecritical,justwiserin

general,"hesaid.

0)Butthoseconvictionsshouldbecheckedattheentrancetothelab,headded.

Otherwise,"

theworkbecomesreligionor"Youhavetoletgoofyourifyouwanttobea

SCIennst.

36.GlennSchellenberg'slatestresearchsuggestsmanypsychologistsand

neuroscientists

wronglybelieveinthecausalrelationshipbetweenmusicandIQ

37.Thebeliefinthepositiveeffectsofmusictrainingappealstomanyresearcherswhoare

musiciansthemselves.

38.GlennSchellenbergwasdoubtfulabouttheclaimthatmusiceducationhelpsenhance

children'sintelligence.

39.GlennSchellenbergcametotheconclusionthatmostofthepapersassessedmade

the

wrongclaimregardingmusic'seffectonintelligence.

40.Youmustabandonyourunverifiedbeliefsyoubecomeascientist.

41.Lotsofexperimentshavedemonstratedthatpeoplewithmusictrainingcanbetter

differentiatecertainsounds.

42.GlennSchellenberg'sfindingsatthebeginningofthiscenturywerenotsupportedbya

largerstudycarriedoutsometenyearslater.

43.OneresearchersharesGlennSchellenberg'viewthatitisnecessarytoconduct

long-termdevelopmentalstudiestounderstandtheeffectsofmusictraining.

44.GlennSchellenberg'sresearchassistantshadnoideawhathewastryingtoprovein

his

newstudy.

45.GlennSchellenbergadmitsthatpracticecanchangecertainareasofthebrainbut

doubts

thatthechangecanaffectotherareas.

2021年12月英語六級(jí)真題第2套第7頁共11頁

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

orustatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,andD）

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthepassage.

Thetrendtowardrationalityandenlightenmentwasendangeredlongbetheadvent

oftheWorldWideWeb.AsNeilPostmannotedinhis1985bookAmusingOurselvesto

Death,theriseoftelevisionintroducednotjustanewmediumbutanewdiscourse:

agradualshifta（E[]刷的）culturetoaphotographicone,whichin

turnmeantashiftrationalitytoemotions,expositiontoentertainment.Inan

image-centeredandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisnoplacerational

thinking,becauseyousimplycannotthinkwithimages.Itistextthatenablesusto

"uncoverlies,confusionsandovergeneralizations,andtodetectabusesoflogicand

commonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontrastassertions,toconnect

onegeneralizationtoanother."

Thedominanceoftelevisionwasnotconfinedtoourlivingrooms.Itallof

thosehabitsofmind,ychangingourexperienceoftheworld,affectingthe

conductofpolitics,religion,business,andculture.ItreducedmanyaspectsofmodemI

toentertainment,sensationalism,andcommerce."Americansdon'ttalktoeachother,

weentertaineachother,"Postmanwrote."Theydon'texchangeideas,theyexchange

images.Theydonotarguewithpropositions,theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesand

commercials."

Atfirst,thewebseemedtopushagainstthistrend.Whenitemergedtowardstheend

ofthe1980sasapurelytext-basedmedium,itwasseenasatooltopursueknowledge,

notpleasure.Reasonandthoughtweremostvaluedinthisgardenallderivedthe

projectoftheEnlightenment.Universitiesaroundtheworldwereamongthefirsttoconnect

tothisnewmedium,whichhosteddiscussiongroups,ipersonalorgroupblogs,

electronicmagazines,andacademicmailinglistsandItwasanintellectualproject,

notaboutcommerceorcontrol,createdinascientificresearchcenterinSwitzerland.

Andmoreadecade,thewebcreatedanspacethatthreatened

television'sgriponsociety.

Socialnetworks,though,havesincecolonizedthewebtelevision'svalues.

FromFacebooktoInstagram,themediumnsourattentiononvideosandimages,

rewardingemotionalappealslike'buttons-overrationalones.Insteadofaquest

knowledge,itengagesusinanendlesszest（熱情）instantapprovalanaudience,

whichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslype（It'stellingthat,whileGoogle

beganIasaPhDthesis,Facebookstartedasatooltojudgeclassmates,appearances.）

Itreducesourcuriositybyshowingusexactlywhatwealreadywantthink,basedon

ourprofilesandTheEnlightenment'smotto（座右銘）ofDaretoknow'has

become'Darenottocaretoknow.,

2021年12月英語六級(jí)真題第2套第8頁共11頁

46.WhatdidNeilPostmansayabouttheriseoftelevision?

A)Itinitiatedachangedominanceofreasontosupremacyof

pleasure.

B)Itbroughtaboutagradualshiftcinemagoingtohome

entertainment

C)ItstartedarevolutioninphotographictechnologyD)Itmarked

anewageintheentertainmentindustry

47.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheadvantageoftextreading?

A)Itgivesoneaccesstohugeamountsof

B)Itallowsmoretobeprocessedquickly

C)Itiscapableofenrichingone's

D)Itisconducivetocriticalthinking.

48.HowhastelevisionimpactedAmericans?

A)Ithasgiventhemalotmoretoargueabout.

B)Ithasbroughtcelebritiesclosertotheirlives.

C)Ithasmadethemcaremoreaboutwhattheysay.

D)Ithasrenderedtheirinteractionsmoresuperficial.

49.WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheWorldWideWeb?

A)Itwasdevelopedprimarilyuniversitiesworldwide.

B)Itwascreatedtoconnectpeopleindifferentcountries.

C)Itwasviewedasameanstoquestknowledge

D)Itwasdesignedasadiscussionuniversitystudents.

50.Whatdoweaboutusersofsocialmedia?

A)Theyarebentonlookinganspaceescape.

B)Theyareconstantlyseekingapprovaltheiraudience.

C)Theyareengagedinhuntingnew

D)Theyareunabletotheirattentionontaskslong.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthepassage.

Accordingtoarecentstudy,asmallbutgrowingproportionoftheis

affectedtosomedegreebyasenseofentitlement.Workislessaboutwhattheycan

contributebutmoreaboutwhattheycantake.Itcanleadtoworkplacedysfunctionand

diminishtheirownjobFmnottoemployeeswhoarelegilimately

dissatisfiedwiththeiremploymentconditionsdueto,say,beingdeniedirpayorflexible

workpractices.I'mtalkingaboutthosewhoconsistentlybelievetheydeservespecial

treatmentandgenerousrewards.It'sanexpectationthatexistsirrespectiveoftheirabltnes

orlevelsof

Asaresultofthatdiscrepancybetweentheprivilegestheythey'reowedandtheiT

inflatedsenseofself-worth,theydon'tworkashardtheiremployer.Theyinstead

toslackoff.It'satendencywhichmanyscholarsbelievebeginsinchildhoodduetoparents

whooverindulgetheirkids.Thistherebyleadsthemtoexpectthesamekindofspoilt

treatmentthroughouttheiradultlives.Andyetdespitehowtheseemployees

it'sobviouslyimportanttheirmanagertononethelessfindouthowtokeepthem

2021年12月英語六級(jí)真題第2套第9頁共11頁

motivated.And,byvirtueofthatheightenedmotivation,towell

TheresearchteamseveralAmericanuniversitiessurveyedmorethan240

individuals.Theysampledmanagersaswellasteammembers.Employeeentitlement

was

measuredbystatementssuchas"IhonestlyI'mjustmoredeservingthanothers."

Therespondentshadtor