2021人教版高中英語高考真題(十四)【含解析】

…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………※※請※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………試卷主標題

姓名：__________班級：__________學號：__________題號一二三四五六總分評分

一、閱讀理解（共9題）1、Couldthedevice,smartphoneorPC,whichyou'reusingaffectthemoraldecisionsyoumakewhenusingit?Totestit,researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasamplesetof1,010people.Theparticipantswereassignedadeviceatrandom.Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有軌電車)problem”：Arunawaytrolleyisheadedtowardsfivepeopletieduponasetoftraintracks.Youcandonothing,resultinginthedeathsoffivepeople,orpushamanoffabridge,whichwillstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokillonemantosavefivelives,which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose,comparedto22.3percentofPCusers.“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma，”DrAlbertBarqueDuran,theleadauthorofthestudy,toldCityUniversityofLondon.“Thiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoften

presentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”Asforwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy,DrBarqueDurannoted,“Duetothefactthatoursociallives,workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline,itisimportanttothinkabouthowthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareaskedtoengageinmoralbehaviorhavechanged,andtheimpactthiscouldhaveonthehundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily.”It'sclearthatweneedmoreresearchonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldecisionmakingbecausewe'reusingscreensataneverincreasingrate.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇科普說明文。你所使用的手機或電腦設(shè)備是否影響你的道德決策？為此，研究者對1,010位參與者做了研究。1．Whydidtheauthormentionthetrolleyproblem?A．Tointroduceadifficultproblemtoreaders.B．Tointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.C．Toshowanexampleofthequestionsinthestudy.D．Toshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.2．Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?A．Calmly.

B．Cruelly.C．Hesitantly.

D．Enthusiastically.3．DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs,smartphones________.A．helppeoplebearmorepressureB．helppeoplemakedecisionsquickerC．makepeoplefeelmorementallydistantD．makepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Shoppingonlinehasagreateffectonmakingmoraldecisions.B．ThepeopleusingsmartphonesaremorethanthoseusingPCs.C．PeoplewhooftenusesmartphonesorPCsalwaysmeetwithdilemmas.D．Itiscommonforpeopletobeinvolvedinmakingmoraldecisionsindailylife.2、Overthepastcoupleofdays,onourlocalFreecyclepagetherehavebeenalotofwantedposts,allfromthesameperson,basicallyaskingforeverythingyou'dneedtosetupahousefromscratch.Oneofthethingstheyaskedforwasaqueensizedbed.Atthattimewejusthappenedtohaveanextraone,soImessagedthem.Theyimmediatelycameintheafternoon.Thepeoplewhocame,twoladiesandaman,areactuallyfriendsofanotherwomannamedJennywhoownedayoungboy.Thiswomanhasescapedfromadangerous,violentrelationshipandthesefriendsofhersarehelpingherandhersonstartoveragain,witheverythingfromfurnituretotoothbrushesontheirlistofneeds.Whiletheywerehere,Ialsogavethemoneofoursparebookcaseandsomecoffeecups.Ievenaskedthemtokeepintouchincasetheyneededanythingelse—Ihaveawayofconnectingpeoplewiththings.Iofferedthewomanacupboardwehadaswell;herfriendsjustneededtoseeiftherewasaplaceoraneedforitintheirfriend'snewhome.Iwassoexcitedtomeetthoselovingpeople,whowereobviouslywillingtohelptheirfriends.Itwasclearhowprotectivetheyfeltofthiswomanandherboy,howmuchtheylovedherandwantedhertohaveahappyandsafelife,andtospendevenafewminuteswithpeoplelikethatisanexperienceI'llrememberforalong,longtime.Aquickthankyoutoallwhohavesentmoredonationsoverthelastcoupleofdays,aswellaslovelymessagesofthanksandblessings.Sometimesit'shardtokeepupwithitall,butit'saproblemI'mhappytohave.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者通過物品利用網(wǎng)站幫助了一位遭受家庭暴力的女性和她的孩子。5．Whatwerethepeoplewhoarrivedattheauthor'sintheafternoongoingtodo?A．Promotesomeproductscustomersneeded.

B．Fetchthebedtheauthorwouldgiveaway.C．Recyclesecondhandfurniture.

D．Helprepairtheauthor'sfurniture.6．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Warmhearted.

B．Mean.

C．Narrowminded.

D．Intelligent.7．Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecaninferthat________.A．theauthordoesn'tliketospendtoomuchtimewiththosepeoplelikeJenny'sfriendsB．Jennyandherboywillhardlygethelpfromtheauthor'sfriendsC．theauthorwasdisappointedwiththoseonlysendingmessagesofthanksandblessingsD．Jennyandherboywillhaveanewstartwiththehelpofpeople8．Thesuitabletitleforthetextshouldbe“________”．A．Nopains,nogainsB．GodhelpsthosewhohelpthemselvesC．Manyhandsmakelightwork

D．Wherethereiswill,thereisaway3、Whenyouthinkofbatteries,you'lllikelythinkaboutthempoweringupremotecontrols,cellphones,flashlightsandtoys.Butsomepeoplecarryabatteryaroundintheirbodytopowerapacemaker(起搏器).Itisn'treallypleasantandeasytocarrybatteriesbecausetheyneedtobereplacedsooftenandtheycanleakpoisonouschemicals.Abatterypoweredpacemakermaybecomeathingofthepast,thankstoanewtechnologydevelopedbyUCLAresearchers:Abiologicalsupercapacitor(超級電容器),whichisthinnerthanseveralhairs.

TeamsofresearchersatUCLAandtheUniversityofConnecticutpublishedapaperinajournalexplainingtheirnewinvention.Thesupercapacitorismadefromacarbonmaterial,andcoatedwithhumanlikeproteinsthatactaselectrodes(電極).Butwhatmakesthedevicedifferentisthatitispoweredbyanenergyharvesterthatchangesbodyheatandmovementinthebloodintoenergy.

Thosetraditionalpacemakersaresixtoeightmillimeters(毫米)thick.Theyaremuchbigger.Thenewsupercapacitor,which,duetoitslackofbattery,isonlyonemicrometer(微米)thick.This“l(fā)ittle”featurecouldbenefitthenewpacemaker'senergyefficiency,researchersstated.Also,unlikeotherbatteriesusedinmedicaltreatments,thesupercapacitorcanbendandtwistinthebodywithoutsufferingdamage.

Thoughthey'venotbeenwidelyusedinthemedicalworld,supercapacitorshavetheabilitytoserveasasaferandmoreefficientmedicaldevicethanthetraditionalbatteryoperateddevices,theresearchersbelieve.

“Inordertobeeffective,battery－freepacemakersmusthavesupercapacitorsthatcanget,storeandtransportenergy.However,commercialsupercapacitorsaretooslowtomakethemwork”，saidMaherElKady,aUCLAresearcherandcoauthorofthestudy.“Ourresearchfocusedonthecustomdesignedsupercapacitortocaptureenergyeffectively,andfindingawaytomakeitexisttogethersuccessfullywiththehumanbody.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種可以借助身體發(fā)電，不再需要電池供電的新型起搏器。9．Whatdoweknowabouttraditionalpacemakers?

A．Theyareverypopularwithusers.

B．Theyarethinnerthanseveralhairs.C．Theycandoharmtotheusers'bodies.

D．Theyarereallyconvenienttocarryaround.10．Whatisspecialaboutthenewsupercapacitor?

A．Ithaselectrodesontheoutside.B．Itismadefromakindofproteinmaterial.C．Ithelpssavethecarriers'moneyandenergy.D．Itcantransformtheenergyfromthebody.11．Whichofthefollowingmakesthenewpacemakerenergyefficient?

A．Thesmallsize.

B．Thesmallbattery.C．Theenergyharvester.

D．Thebendingandtwistingcharacters.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．ANewPacemakerthatDoesn'tNeedtoUseBatteriesB．ABatteryPoweredPacemakerIsHarmingPeople'sBodyC．PeopleTodayAren'tWillingtoUsetheTraditionalPacemakerAnyLongerD．UCLAResearchersAreCommittedtotheCauseoftheMedicalEquipment4、“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou？”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupat

UniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves，”

hesaid.Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity.Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean.“Thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples(漣漪),butiftheykeeponblowing,thoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves，”Taylorsaid.“Wavesareoneofnature'swaysofpicking_upenergyandthensendingitoffonajourney.”Whenwavescometowardtheshore,

peoplecansetupdamstoblockthewaterandsenditthroughalargewheelcalledaturbine(渦輪機).

Theturbinecanthenpoweranelectricalgeneratortoproduceelectricity.“Theresourceishuge，”saidJanetSwainoftheWorldwatchInstitute.“Wewillneverrunoutofwavepower.”Besides,waveenergydoesnotcreatethesamepollutionasotherenergysources,suchasoilorcoal.OceanscoverthreequartersoftheEarth'ssurface—thatwouldmakewavepowerseemidealforcreatingenergythroughouttheworld,thoughtherearesomeweakpointsyettoovercome.Swainsaidthatwavepowerstillcoststoomuchmoney.Shealsosaidthatitseffectsonseaanimalsarestillunknown.Whatismore,wavepowercouldaffectfishingandboattraffic.Traditionalsourcesofenergylikeoilandgasmaysomedayrunout.“DemandforenergytopowerourTVsandcomputers,driveourcars,andheatandcoolourhomesisrisingrapidlythroughouttheworld，”Swainsaid.Inthefuturewhenyouturnonalight,anoceanwavecouldbeprovidingtheelectricity!篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇科普說明文，介紹了有關(guān)海洋波浪能源的應(yīng)用前景及存在的問題。13．Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto________.A．testthereaders'knowledgeaboutwavesB．drawthereaders'attentiontothetopicC．showJamieTaylor'simportanceD．invitethereaderstoanswerthem14．Theunderlinedphrase“pickingup”

isclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．startingagain

B．speedingupC．improving

D．gathering15．Itcanbeinferredthatsomedaywemightnotworryabout________.

A．ourpowersupply

B．ourboattraffic

C．a(chǎn)irpollution

D．oursupplyofseafish16．Wecanmakebetteruseofwaveenergyifwe________.

A．shortenitsjourneytothousandsofhomesB．buildmoresmallpowerstationsontheoceans

C．reducethecostofturningitintoelectricpowerD．quickenthestepsofproducingelectricity5、(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivateespaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalowcostdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,

theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plasticlikeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇科研報道。來自佐治亞理工學院的研究人員發(fā)明了一種智能鍵盤，可以通過分析用戶的打字模式來判斷該用戶是不是安全訪客。1．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A．Toreducepressureonkeys.B．Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C．Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D．Tocutthecostofespaceprotection.2．Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A．Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B．Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C．Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D．Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.3．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It'llbeenvironmentfriendly.B．It'llreachconsumerssoon.C．It'llbemadeofplastics.D．It'llhelpspeeduptyping.4．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary.

B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel.

D．Amagazine.6、(2019·北京高考)Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.But

phytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging，”shesaid,

“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,

“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。調(diào)查表明，由于氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會變得更藍、更綠。5．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive.

B．Beneficial.C．Significant.

D．Unnoticeable.7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.7、(2020·南昌市重點中學高三年級段考試題)LearningNewVocabularyDuringDeepSleepSleepingtimeissometimesconsideredunproductivetime.Thisraisesthequestionwhetherthetimespentduringsleepingcouldbeusedmoreproductively,e.g.forlearninganewlanguage?Sleepresearchtodatefocusedonthestabilizationandstrengtheningofmemoriesthathadbeenformedduringpreviouswakefulness.However,learningduringsleephasrarelybeenexamined.

Thereisconsiderableevidenceforwake－learnedinformationundergoingrevisionbyareplayinthesleepingbrain.Thereplayduringsleepstrengthensthestillweakmemorytracesandembeds(嵌入)thenewlyacquiredinformationinthepreexistingstoreofknowledge.Ifthereplayduringsleepimprovesthestorageofwake－learnedinformation,thenfirst－play,i．e.theinitialprocessingofnewinformation,

shouldalsobepossibleduringsleep.TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeexaminedwhetherasleepingpersonisabletoformnewsemanticassociationsbetweenplayedforeignwordsandtranslationwordsduringthebraincells'activestates,theso－called“Up－states\”.Itturnedouttobethatwhattheythoughtwasreasonable.Whenwereachdeepsleepstages,ourbraincellsprogressivelycoordinatetheiractivity.Duringdeepsleep,thebraincellsarecommonlyactiveforabriefperiodoftimebeforetheyjointlyenterintoastateofbriefinactivity.Theactivestateiscalled“Up－state\”andtheinactivestate“Down－state\”.

Thetwostatesalternate(交替)abouteveryhalf－second.Newevidenceforsleep－learningchallengescurrenttheoriesofsleepandtheoriesofmemory.Theconceptofsleepasanencapsulated(被概括的)mental

state,

inwhich

we

are

separatedfromthephysicalenvironmentisnolongerreasonable.“Wecoulddisprovethatcomplexlearningbeimpossibleduringdeepsleep，\”saysSimonRuch,co－first－author.“Inhowfarandwithwhatconsequencesdeepsleepcanbeappliedtotheacquisitionofnewinformationwillbeatopicofresearchinupcomingyears，\”

saysKatharinaHenke.TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeispartoftheInterfacultyResearch

Cooperation(IRC).Thirteen

researchgroupsinmedicine,biology,psychologyandinformationsciencearepartoftheIRC.Theaimoftheseresearchgroupsistogainabetterunderstandingofthemechanismsinvolvedinsleep,consciousnessandcognition.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章通過一項研究論證了在深度睡眠中學習新詞匯的可能性。9．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A．“Up－state\”and“Down－state\”appearinturnduringdeepsleep.B．“Up－states\”isanothernameforthebraincells'activestates.C．Semanticassociationsareimportantforlanguagelearning.D．Thebraincells'activestatesarecentralforsleep－learning.10．Whatwillresearchersdowithinseveralyearsaccordingtothepassage?A．Makestudyinthefollowingfieldssuchasmedicineandbiology.B．Separateusfromthephysicalenvironment.C．Applydeepsleeptoinformationlearning.D．Discovertheconceptofsleep.11．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroduceanewwayofvocabularylearning.B．Togainabetterunderstandingofthemechanisms.C．Tochallengecurrenttheoriesofsleepandtheoriesofmemory.D．Toexplainthepossibilityofvocabularylearningduringdeepsleep.12．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Anovel.B．Aguidebook.C．Ascientificresearchwebsite.D．Adiary.8、(2018·北京高考)PlasticEatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.

Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.

FedericaBertocchini,coauthorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarboncarbonbond,isthereaswell，”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”

JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.

Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—not

simply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。最新科學研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大蠟螟幼蟲能利用體內(nèi)的酶來分解塑料，這是一種分解塑料的新方法。13．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A．Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B．Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C．Theycanconsumeplastics.D．Theywindupinlandfills.14．AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto________.A．identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB．findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC．confirmtheresearchfindingsD．increasethebreakdownspeed15．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight________.A．helptoraisewormsB．helpmakeplasticbagsC．beusedtocleantheoceansD．beproducedinfactoriesinfuture16．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B．Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C．Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D．Toproposenewmeanstokeepecobalance.9、(2019·山東師范大學附中高三第二次模擬考試)Ifyouaskmostpeoplewhatwatertasteslike,they'llprobablytellyouthatwaterhasnotasteandtheymaygiveyouafunnylook.Butifyouwereafruitfly,askinganotherfruitfly,thatquestionmighthaveadifferentanswer.Toafruitfly,waterhasataste.Scientistswanttoknowhowthefruitflyknowswaterbecausethisinformationmayhelpinlearninghowotheranimals—orevenindividualcells—managetousewaterintherightway.Waterisvitaltolife,buttoomuchortoolittlecanbedeadlytoalivingcreature.Sobyunderstandinghowthefruitflytasteswater,researchersmaylearnmoreaboutotherlivingthings.Accordingtothenewstudy,aprotein(蛋白質(zhì))calledPPK28makesitpossibleforaflytotastewater.Proteinsbuildcellsandtissues,fightdiseaseandcarrymessagesbetweencells.It'snotsurprisingthataproteinisresponsibleforthefruitfly'sabilitytotastewater.ThePPK28proteinispartofalargerfamilyofsimilarproteins.Oneoftheserelatedproteinsisusedbymammals(includinghumans)totastesalt.Scientistshavenotfoundaproteinthatenableshumansto“taste”water.Intheexperiment,Cameronandhisteamcomparednormalfruitflieswithfruitflieswhosetastecellshadbeendisabled.Thefruitfliesweregivenaspecialchemicalthatwouldglow(發(fā)光)whentheflyusedthePPK28protein.Thenthescientistsledthefliestowater.Whenthenormalfliestastedthewater,thePPK28proteinlitup—showingthatitwasinuse.Thefruitflyinparticularissointerestingthatsomescientistsarehardatworkcreatingacompletemapofthefruitflybrain.Thismapwillshowallofafly'sneuronsandhelpscientistsunderstandhowtheneuronsworktogether.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，講述了科學家研究果蠅可以分辨水有滋味的原因。獲取這些信息有助于人類對其他生物甚至是單個細胞的研究和了解。17．Howdomostpeoplefeelwhenaskedthetasteofwater?A．Amused.

B．Frightened.C．Disappointed.

D．Disgusted.18．Whydoscientistswanttoknowhowthefruitflyknowswater?A．Todecreasethenumberofthefruitfly.B．Toknowmoreaboutothercreatures.C．Tomanagetousewatercorrectly.D．Todescribethetasteofwater.19．WhatdoweknowaboutthePPK28protein?A．Itcanmakehumanstastesalt.B．Thefruitflycan'tlivewithoutit.C．Itenablesthefruitflytotastewater.D．Thefruitflyusesittoavoidillnesses.20．Whatwillthescientistscontinuetoworkat?A．Studyingthefruitfly'sneuronsystems.B．Tellingmoreinformationaboutcells.C．Creatingmapsofhumanbrains.D．MakingthePPK28protein.============參考答案============一、閱讀理解1、1.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic‘trolley(有軌電車)problem’”可以推斷出，作者提及到電車問題，只是展示了研究的問題中的一個例子。故選C。2.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma”可知，對于情感困境，手機使用者更能夠鎮(zhèn)定地處理。故選A。3.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句可知，與電腦相比較，手機更使人感到心理上的疏遠。故選C。4.D推理判斷題。A、B、C三項文中均未提及。而文中多處出現(xiàn)moralproblems,moraldecisions，故D項正確。2、5.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Oneofthethingstheyaskedforwasaqueensizedbed.Atthattimewejusthappenedtohaveanextraone,soImessagedthem.Theyimmediatelycameintheafternoon.”可知，作者多一張大號床，所以下午來到作者家的人是去取作者要贈送的床。故選B。6.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whiletheywerehere,Ialsogavethemoneofoursparebookcaseandsomecoffeecups.Ievenaskedthemtokeepintouchincasetheyneededanythingelse—Ihaveawayofconnectingpeoplewiththings.”可知，除了大床之外，作者還將其他多余的東西贈給了他們，可見作者是一個熱心腸的人。故選A。7.D推理判斷題。從最后兩段，我們可以推斷，在人們的幫助下，珍妮和她的兒子將有一個新的開始。故選D。8.C標題判斷題。Nopains,nogains“不勞則無獲”；Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves“自助者天助”；Manyhandsmakelightwork“眾人拾柴火焰高”；Wherethereiswill,thereisaway“有志者，事竟成”。文章介紹了一位遭受家庭暴力的女性和孩子在朋友和陌生好心人的幫助下也將有一個新的開始。所以本文最佳標題是“眾人拾柴火焰高”。故選C。3、9.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itisn'treallypleasantandeasytocarrybatteriesbecausetheyneedtobereplacedsooftenandtheycanleakpoisonouschemicals.”可知，這種靠電池供電的起搏器經(jīng)常需要更換，它們會泄漏有毒化學物質(zhì)，可能會對人體產(chǎn)生傷害。故選C。10.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butwhatmakesthedevicedifferentisthatitispoweredbyan